Merge branch 'master' into trace-servicegraph

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -23,18 +23,18 @@ jobs:
           - mac
           - windows
         go: 
-          - '1.21'
           - '1.22'
+          - '1.23'
 
         include:
         # Set the minimum Go patch version for the given Go minor
         # Usable via ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
-        - go: '1.21'
-          GO_SEMVER: '~1.21.0'
-
         - go: '1.22'
           GO_SEMVER: '~1.22.3'
 
+        - go: '1.23'
+          GO_SEMVER: '~1.23.0'
+
         # Set some variables per OS, usable via ${{ matrix.VAR }}
         # OS_LABEL: the VM label from GitHub Actions (see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-github-hosted-runners/about-github-hosted-runners/about-github-hosted-runners#standard-github-hosted-runners-for-public-repositories)
         # CADDY_BIN_PATH: the path to the compiled Caddy binary, for artifact publishing
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ jobs:
       env:
         CGO_ENABLED: 0
       run: |
-        go build -tags nobdger -trimpath -ldflags="-w -s" -v
+        go build -tags nobadger -trimpath -ldflags="-w -s" -v
 
     - name: Smoke test Caddy
       working-directory: ./cmd/caddy
@@ -150,18 +150,41 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Run Tests
         run: |
+          set +e
           mkdir -p ~/.ssh && echo -e "${SSH_KEY//_/\\n}" > ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa && chmod og-rwx ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa
 
           # short sha is enough?
           short_sha=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)
 
+          # To shorten the following lines
+          ssh_opts="-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null"
+          ssh_host="$CI_USER@ci-s390x.caddyserver.com"
+
           # The environment is fresh, so there's no point in keeping accepting and adding the key.
-          rsync -arz -e "ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null" --progress --delete --exclude '.git' . "$CI_USER"@ci-s390x.caddyserver.com:/var/tmp/"$short_sha"
-          ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -t "$CI_USER"@ci-s390x.caddyserver.com "cd /var/tmp/$short_sha; go version; go env; printf "\n\n";CGO_ENABLED=0 go test -tags nobadger -v ./..."
+          rsync -arz -e "ssh $ssh_opts" --progress --delete --exclude '.git' . "$ssh_host":/var/tmp/"$short_sha"
+          ssh $ssh_opts -t "$ssh_host" bash <<EOF
+          cd /var/tmp/$short_sha
+          go version
+          go env
+          printf "\n\n"
+          retries=3
+          exit_code=0
+          while ((retries > 0)); do
+            CGO_ENABLED=0 go test -p 1 -tags nobadger -v ./...
+            exit_code=$?
+            if ((exit_code == 0)); then
+              break
+            fi
+            echo "\n\nTest failed: \$exit_code, retrying..."
+            ((retries--))
+          done
+          echo "Remote exit code: \$exit_code"
+          exit \$exit_code
+          EOF
           test_result=$?
 
           # There's no need leaving the files around
-          ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null "$CI_USER"@ci-s390x.caddyserver.com "rm -rf /var/tmp/'$short_sha'"
+          ssh $ssh_opts "$ssh_host" "rm -rf /var/tmp/'$short_sha'"
 
           echo "Test exit code: $test_result"
           exit $test_result

.github/workflows/cross-build.yml

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ jobs:
           - 'netbsd'
         go: 
           - '1.22'
+          - '1.23'
 
         include:
         # Set the minimum Go patch version for the given Go minor
@@ -35,6 +36,9 @@ jobs:
         - go: '1.22'
           GO_SEMVER: '~1.22.3'
 
+        - go: '1.23'
+          GO_SEMVER: '~1.23.0'
+
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     continue-on-error: true
     steps:

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -43,13 +43,13 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: '~1.22.3'
+          go-version: '~1.23'
           check-latest: true
 
       - name: golangci-lint
         uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v6
         with:
-          version: v1.55
+          version: latest
 
           # Windows times out frequently after about 5m50s if we don't set a longer timeout.
           args: --timeout 10m
@@ -63,5 +63,5 @@ jobs:
       - name: govulncheck
         uses: golang/govulncheck-action@v1
         with:
-          go-version-input: '~1.22.3'
+          go-version-input: '~1.23.0'
           check-latest: true

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ jobs:
         os: 
           - ubuntu-latest
         go: 
-          - '1.22'
+          - '1.23'
 
         include:
         # Set the minimum Go patch version for the given Go minor
         # Usable via ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
-        - go: '1.22'
-          GO_SEMVER: '~1.22.3'
+        - go: '1.23'
+          GO_SEMVER: '~1.23.0'
 
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     # https://github.com/sigstore/cosign/issues/1258#issuecomment-1002251233

.golangci.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 linters-settings:
   errcheck:
-    ignore: fmt:.*,go.uber.org/zap/zapcore:^Add.*
-    ignoretests: true
+    exclude-functions:
+      - fmt.*
+      - (go.uber.org/zap/zapcore.ObjectEncoder).AddObject
+      - (go.uber.org/zap/zapcore.ObjectEncoder).AddArray
   gci:
     sections:
       - standard # Standard section: captures all standard packages.
@@ -33,7 +35,6 @@ linters:
     - errcheck
     - errname
     - exhaustive
-    - exportloopref
     - gci
     - gofmt
     - goimports
@@ -130,18 +131,22 @@ linters:
 run:
   # default concurrency is a available CPU number.
   # concurrency: 4 # explicitly omit this value to fully utilize available resources.
-  deadline: 5m
+  timeout: 5m
   issues-exit-code: 1
   tests: false
 
 # output configuration options
 output:
-  format: 'colored-line-number'
+  formats:
+    - format: 'colored-line-number'
   print-issued-lines: true
   print-linter-name: true
 
 issues:
   exclude-rules:
+    - text: 'G115' # TODO: Either we should fix the issues or nuke the linter if it's bad
+      linters:
+        - gosec
     # we aren't calling unknown URL
     - text: 'G107' # G107: Url provided to HTTP request as taint input
       linters:
@@ -166,3 +171,12 @@ issues:
     - path: modules/logging/filters.go
       linters:
         - dupl
+    - path: modules/caddyhttp/matchers.go
+      linters:
+        - dupl
+    - path: modules/caddyhttp/vars.go
+      linters:
+        - dupl
+    - path: _test\.go
+      linters:
+        - errcheck

.goreleaser.yml

@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@ before:
     - mkdir -p caddy-build
     - cp cmd/caddy/main.go caddy-build/main.go
     - /bin/sh -c 'cd ./caddy-build && go mod init caddy'
+    # prepare syso files for windows embedding
+    - go install github.com/caddyserver/xcaddy/cmd/xcaddy@latest
+    - /bin/sh -c 'for a in amd64 arm arm64; do XCADDY_SKIP_BUILD=1 GOOS=windows GOARCH=$a $GOPATH/bin/xcaddy build {{.Env.TAG}}; done'
+    - /bin/sh -c 'mv /tmp/buildenv_*/*.syso caddy-build'
     # GoReleaser doesn't seem to offer {{.Tag}} at this stage, so we have to embed it into the env
     # so we run: TAG=$(git describe --abbrev=0) goreleaser release --rm-dist --skip-publish --skip-validate
     - go mod edit -require=github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2@{{.Env.TAG}} ./caddy-build/go.mod
@@ -31,7 +35,6 @@ builds:
 - env:
   - CGO_ENABLED=0
   - GO111MODULE=on
-  main: main.go
   dir: ./caddy-build
   binary: caddy
   goos:

README.md

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ See [our online documentation](https://caddyserver.com/docs/install) for other i
 
 Requirements:
 
-- [Go 1.21 or newer](https://golang.org/dl/)
+- [Go 1.22.3 or newer](https://golang.org/dl/)
 
 ### For development
 

admin.go

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"regexp"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -312,7 +313,7 @@ func (admin AdminConfig) allowedOrigins(addr NetworkAddress) []*url.URL {
 	}
 	if admin.Origins == nil {
 		if addr.isLoopback() {
-			if addr.IsUnixNetwork() {
+			if addr.IsUnixNetwork() || addr.IsFdNetwork() {
 				// RFC 2616, Section 14.26:
 				// "A client MUST include a Host header field in all HTTP/1.1 request
 				// messages. If the requested URI does not include an Internet host
@@ -350,7 +351,7 @@ func (admin AdminConfig) allowedOrigins(addr NetworkAddress) []*url.URL {
 				uniqueOrigins[net.JoinHostPort("127.0.0.1", addr.port())] = struct{}{}
 			}
 		}
-		if !addr.IsUnixNetwork() {
+		if !addr.IsUnixNetwork() && !addr.IsFdNetwork() {
 			uniqueOrigins[addr.JoinHostPort(0)] = struct{}{}
 		}
 	}
@@ -675,13 +676,7 @@ func (remote RemoteAdmin) enforceAccessControls(r *http.Request) error {
 					// key recognized; make sure its HTTP request is permitted
 					for _, accessPerm := range adminAccess.Permissions {
 						// verify method
-						methodFound := accessPerm.Methods == nil
-						for _, method := range accessPerm.Methods {
-							if method == r.Method {
-								methodFound = true
-								break
-							}
-						}
+						methodFound := accessPerm.Methods == nil || slices.Contains(accessPerm.Methods, r.Method)
 						if !methodFound {
 							return APIError{
 								HTTPStatus: http.StatusForbidden,
@@ -877,13 +872,9 @@ func (h adminHandler) handleError(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, err er
 // a trustworthy/expected value. This helps to mitigate DNS
 // rebinding attacks.
 func (h adminHandler) checkHost(r *http.Request) error {
-	var allowed bool
-	for _, allowedOrigin := range h.allowedOrigins {
-		if r.Host == allowedOrigin.Host {
-			allowed = true
-			break
-		}
-	}
+	allowed := slices.ContainsFunc(h.allowedOrigins, func(u *url.URL) bool {
+		return r.Host == u.Host
+	})
 	if !allowed {
 		return APIError{
 			HTTPStatus: http.StatusForbidden,

caddyconfig/caddyfile/dispenser.go

@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ func (d *Dispenser) EOFErr() error {
 
 // Err generates a custom parse-time error with a message of msg.
 func (d *Dispenser) Err(msg string) error {
-	return d.Errf(msg)
+	return d.WrapErr(errors.New(msg))
 }
 
 // Errf is like Err, but for formatted error messages

caddyconfig/caddyfile/importgraph.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package caddyfile
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"slices"
 )
 
 type adjacency map[string][]string
@@ -91,12 +92,7 @@ func (i *importGraph) areConnected(from, to string) bool {
 	if !ok {
 		return false
 	}
-	for _, v := range al {
-		if v == to {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
+	return slices.Contains(al, to)
 }
 
 func (i *importGraph) willCycle(from, to string) bool {

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/addresses.go

@@ -77,10 +77,15 @@ import (
 // repetition may be undesirable, so call consolidateAddrMappings() to map
 // multiple addresses to the same lists of server blocks (a many:many mapping).
 // (Doing this is essentially a map-reduce technique.)
-func (st *ServerType) mapAddressToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks []serverBlock,
+func (st *ServerType) mapAddressToProtocolToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks []serverBlock,
 	options map[string]any,
-) (map[string][]serverBlock, error) {
-	sbmap := make(map[string][]serverBlock)
+) (map[string]map[string][]serverBlock, error) {
+	addrToProtocolToServerBlocks := map[string]map[string][]serverBlock{}
+
+	type keyWithParsedKey struct {
+		key       caddyfile.Token
+		parsedKey Address
+	}
 
 	for i, sblock := range originalServerBlocks {
 		// within a server block, we need to map all the listener addresses
@@ -88,27 +93,48 @@ func (st *ServerType) mapAddressToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks []serverBloc
 		// will be served by them; this has the effect of treating each
 		// key of a server block as its own, but without having to repeat its
 		// contents in cases where multiple keys really can be served together
-		addrToKeys := make(map[string][]caddyfile.Token)
+		addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys := map[string]map[string][]keyWithParsedKey{}
 		for j, key := range sblock.block.Keys {
+			parsedKey, err := ParseAddress(key.Text)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing key: %v", err)
+			}
+			parsedKey = parsedKey.Normalize()
+
 			// a key can have multiple listener addresses if there are multiple
 			// arguments to the 'bind' directive (although they will all have
 			// the same port, since the port is defined by the key or is implicit
 			// through automatic HTTPS)
-			addrs, err := st.listenerAddrsForServerBlockKey(sblock, key.Text, options)
+			listeners, err := st.listenersForServerBlockAddress(sblock, parsedKey, options)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("server block %d, key %d (%s): determining listener address: %v", i, j, key.Text, err)
 			}
 
-			// associate this key with each listener address it is served on
-			for _, addr := range addrs {
-				addrToKeys[addr] = append(addrToKeys[addr], key)
+			// associate this key with its protocols and each listener address served with them
+			kwpk := keyWithParsedKey{key, parsedKey}
+			for addr, protocols := range listeners {
+				protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys, ok := addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[addr]
+				if !ok {
+					protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys = map[string][]keyWithParsedKey{}
+					addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[addr] = protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys
+				}
+
+				// an empty protocol indicates the default, a nil or empty value in the ListenProtocols array
+				if len(protocols) == 0 {
+					protocols[""] = struct{}{}
+				}
+				for prot := range protocols {
+					protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[prot] = append(
+						protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[prot],
+						kwpk)
+				}
 			}
 		}
 
 		// make a slice of the map keys so we can iterate in sorted order
-		addrs := make([]string, 0, len(addrToKeys))
-		for k := range addrToKeys {
-			addrs = append(addrs, k)
+		addrs := make([]string, 0, len(addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys))
+		for addr := range addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys {
+			addrs = append(addrs, addr)
 		}
 		sort.Strings(addrs)
 
@@ -118,85 +144,132 @@ func (st *ServerType) mapAddressToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks []serverBloc
 		// server block are only the ones which use the address; but
 		// the contents (tokens) are of course the same
 		for _, addr := range addrs {
-			keys := addrToKeys[addr]
-			// parse keys so that we only have to do it once
-			parsedKeys := make([]Address, 0, len(keys))
-			for _, key := range keys {
-				addr, err := ParseAddress(key.Text)
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing key '%s': %v", key.Text, err)
-				}
-				parsedKeys = append(parsedKeys, addr.Normalize())
+			protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys := addrToProtocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[addr]
+
+			prots := make([]string, 0, len(protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys))
+			for prot := range protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys {
+				prots = append(prots, prot)
 			}
-			sbmap[addr] = append(sbmap[addr], serverBlock{
-				block: caddyfile.ServerBlock{
-					Keys:     keys,
-					Segments: sblock.block.Segments,
-				},
-				pile: sblock.pile,
-				keys: parsedKeys,
+			sort.Strings(prots)
+
+			protocolToServerBlocks, ok := addrToProtocolToServerBlocks[addr]
+			if !ok {
+				protocolToServerBlocks = map[string][]serverBlock{}
+				addrToProtocolToServerBlocks[addr] = protocolToServerBlocks
+			}
+
+			for _, prot := range prots {
+				keyWithParsedKeys := protocolToKeyWithParsedKeys[prot]
+
+				keys := make([]caddyfile.Token, len(keyWithParsedKeys))
+				parsedKeys := make([]Address, len(keyWithParsedKeys))
+
+				for k, keyWithParsedKey := range keyWithParsedKeys {
+					keys[k] = keyWithParsedKey.key
+					parsedKeys[k] = keyWithParsedKey.parsedKey
+				}
+
+				protocolToServerBlocks[prot] = append(protocolToServerBlocks[prot], serverBlock{
+					block: caddyfile.ServerBlock{
+						Keys:     keys,
+						Segments: sblock.block.Segments,
+					},
+					pile:       sblock.pile,
+					parsedKeys: parsedKeys,
+				})
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return addrToProtocolToServerBlocks, nil
+}
+
+// consolidateAddrMappings eliminates repetition of identical server blocks in a mapping of
+// single listener addresses to protocols to lists of server blocks. Since multiple addresses
+// may serve multiple protocols to identical sites (server block contents), this function turns
+// a 1:many mapping into a many:many mapping. Server block contents (tokens) must be
+// exactly identical so that reflect.DeepEqual returns true in order for the addresses to be combined.
+// Identical entries are deleted from the addrToServerBlocks map. Essentially, each pairing (each
+// association from multiple addresses to multiple server blocks; i.e. each element of
+// the returned slice) becomes a server definition in the output JSON.
+func (st *ServerType) consolidateAddrMappings(addrToProtocolToServerBlocks map[string]map[string][]serverBlock) []sbAddrAssociation {
+	sbaddrs := make([]sbAddrAssociation, 0, len(addrToProtocolToServerBlocks))
+
+	addrs := make([]string, 0, len(addrToProtocolToServerBlocks))
+	for addr := range addrToProtocolToServerBlocks {
+		addrs = append(addrs, addr)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(addrs)
+
+	for _, addr := range addrs {
+		protocolToServerBlocks := addrToProtocolToServerBlocks[addr]
+
+		prots := make([]string, 0, len(protocolToServerBlocks))
+		for prot := range protocolToServerBlocks {
+			prots = append(prots, prot)
+		}
+		sort.Strings(prots)
+
+		for _, prot := range prots {
+			serverBlocks := protocolToServerBlocks[prot]
+
+			// now find other addresses that map to identical
+			// server blocks and add them to our map of listener
+			// addresses and protocols, while removing them from
+			// the original map
+			listeners := map[string]map[string]struct{}{}
+
+			for otherAddr, otherProtocolToServerBlocks := range addrToProtocolToServerBlocks {
+				for otherProt, otherServerBlocks := range otherProtocolToServerBlocks {
+					if addr == otherAddr && prot == otherProt || reflect.DeepEqual(serverBlocks, otherServerBlocks) {
+						listener, ok := listeners[otherAddr]
+						if !ok {
+							listener = map[string]struct{}{}
+							listeners[otherAddr] = listener
+						}
+						listener[otherProt] = struct{}{}
+						delete(otherProtocolToServerBlocks, otherProt)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			addresses := make([]string, 0, len(listeners))
+			for lnAddr := range listeners {
+				addresses = append(addresses, lnAddr)
+			}
+			sort.Strings(addresses)
+
+			addressesWithProtocols := make([]addressWithProtocols, 0, len(listeners))
+
+			for _, lnAddr := range addresses {
+				lnProts := listeners[lnAddr]
+				prots := make([]string, 0, len(lnProts))
+				for prot := range lnProts {
+					prots = append(prots, prot)
+				}
+				sort.Strings(prots)
+
+				addressesWithProtocols = append(addressesWithProtocols, addressWithProtocols{
+					address:   lnAddr,
+					protocols: prots,
+				})
+			}
+
+			sbaddrs = append(sbaddrs, sbAddrAssociation{
+				addressesWithProtocols: addressesWithProtocols,
+				serverBlocks:           serverBlocks,
 			})
 		}
 	}
 
-	return sbmap, nil
-}
-
-// consolidateAddrMappings eliminates repetition of identical server blocks in a mapping of
-// single listener addresses to lists of server blocks. Since multiple addresses may serve
-// identical sites (server block contents), this function turns a 1:many mapping into a
-// many:many mapping. Server block contents (tokens) must be exactly identical so that
-// reflect.DeepEqual returns true in order for the addresses to be combined. Identical
-// entries are deleted from the addrToServerBlocks map. Essentially, each pairing (each
-// association from multiple addresses to multiple server blocks; i.e. each element of
-// the returned slice) becomes a server definition in the output JSON.
-func (st *ServerType) consolidateAddrMappings(addrToServerBlocks map[string][]serverBlock) []sbAddrAssociation {
-	sbaddrs := make([]sbAddrAssociation, 0, len(addrToServerBlocks))
-	for addr, sblocks := range addrToServerBlocks {
-		// we start with knowing that at least this address
-		// maps to these server blocks
-		a := sbAddrAssociation{
-			addresses:    []string{addr},
-			serverBlocks: sblocks,
-		}
-
-		// now find other addresses that map to identical
-		// server blocks and add them to our list of
-		// addresses, while removing them from the map
-		for otherAddr, otherSblocks := range addrToServerBlocks {
-			if addr == otherAddr {
-				continue
-			}
-			if reflect.DeepEqual(sblocks, otherSblocks) {
-				a.addresses = append(a.addresses, otherAddr)
-				delete(addrToServerBlocks, otherAddr)
-			}
-		}
-		sort.Strings(a.addresses)
-
-		sbaddrs = append(sbaddrs, a)
-	}
-
-	// sort them by their first address (we know there will always be at least one)
-	// to avoid problems with non-deterministic ordering (makes tests flaky)
-	sort.Slice(sbaddrs, func(i, j int) bool {
-		return sbaddrs[i].addresses[0] < sbaddrs[j].addresses[0]
-	})
-
 	return sbaddrs
 }
 
-// listenerAddrsForServerBlockKey essentially converts the Caddyfile
-// site addresses to Caddy listener addresses for each server block.
-func (st *ServerType) listenerAddrsForServerBlockKey(sblock serverBlock, key string,
+// listenersForServerBlockAddress essentially converts the Caddyfile site addresses to a map from
+// Caddy listener addresses and the protocols to serve them with to the parsed address for each server block.
+func (st *ServerType) listenersForServerBlockAddress(sblock serverBlock, addr Address,
 	options map[string]any,
-) ([]string, error) {
-	addr, err := ParseAddress(key)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing key: %v", err)
-	}
-	addr = addr.Normalize()
-
+) (map[string]map[string]struct{}, error) {
 	switch addr.Scheme {
 	case "wss":
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("the scheme wss:// is only supported in browsers; use https:// instead")
@@ -230,55 +303,54 @@ func (st *ServerType) listenerAddrsForServerBlockKey(sblock serverBlock, key str
 
 	// error if scheme and port combination violate convention
 	if (addr.Scheme == "http" && lnPort == httpsPort) || (addr.Scheme == "https" && lnPort == httpPort) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("[%s] scheme and port violate convention", key)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("[%s] scheme and port violate convention", addr.String())
 	}
 
-	// the bind directive specifies hosts (and potentially network), but is optional
-	lnHosts := make([]string, 0, len(sblock.pile["bind"]))
+	// the bind directive specifies hosts (and potentially network), and the protocols to serve them with, but is optional
+	lnCfgVals := make([]addressesWithProtocols, 0, len(sblock.pile["bind"]))
 	for _, cfgVal := range sblock.pile["bind"] {
-		lnHosts = append(lnHosts, cfgVal.Value.([]string)...)
+		if val, ok := cfgVal.Value.(addressesWithProtocols); ok {
+			lnCfgVals = append(lnCfgVals, val)
+		}
 	}
-	if len(lnHosts) == 0 {
-		if defaultBind, ok := options["default_bind"].([]string); ok {
-			lnHosts = defaultBind
+	if len(lnCfgVals) == 0 {
+		if defaultBindValues, ok := options["default_bind"].([]ConfigValue); ok {
+			for _, defaultBindValue := range defaultBindValues {
+				lnCfgVals = append(lnCfgVals, defaultBindValue.Value.(addressesWithProtocols))
+			}
 		} else {
-			lnHosts = []string{""}
+			lnCfgVals = []addressesWithProtocols{{
+				addresses: []string{""},
+				protocols: nil,
+			}}
 		}
 	}
 
 	// use a map to prevent duplication
-	listeners := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for _, lnHost := range lnHosts {
-		// normally we would simply append the port,
-		// but if lnHost is IPv6, we need to ensure it
-		// is enclosed in [ ]; net.JoinHostPort does
-		// this for us, but lnHost might also have a
-		// network type in front (e.g. "tcp/") leading
-		// to "[tcp/::1]" which causes parsing failures
-		// later; what we need is "tcp/[::1]", so we have
-		// to split the network and host, then re-combine
-		network, host, ok := strings.Cut(lnHost, "/")
-		if !ok {
-			host = network
-			network = ""
+	listeners := map[string]map[string]struct{}{}
+	for _, lnCfgVal := range lnCfgVals {
+		for _, lnHost := range lnCfgVal.addresses {
+			networkAddr, err := caddy.ParseNetworkAddressFromHostPort(lnHost, lnPort)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing network address: %v", err)
+			}
+			if _, ok := listeners[addr.String()]; !ok {
+				listeners[networkAddr.String()] = map[string]struct{}{}
+			}
+			for _, protocol := range lnCfgVal.protocols {
+				listeners[networkAddr.String()][protocol] = struct{}{}
+			}
 		}
-		host = strings.Trim(host, "[]") // IPv6
-		networkAddr := caddy.JoinNetworkAddress(network, host, lnPort)
-		addr, err := caddy.ParseNetworkAddress(networkAddr)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing network address: %v", err)
-		}
-		listeners[addr.String()] = struct{}{}
 	}
 
-	// now turn map into list
-	listenersList := make([]string, 0, len(listeners))
-	for lnStr := range listeners {
-		listenersList = append(listenersList, lnStr)
-	}
-	sort.Strings(listenersList)
+	return listeners, nil
+}
 
-	return listenersList, nil
+// addressesWithProtocols associates a list of listen addresses
+// with a list of protocols to serve them with
+type addressesWithProtocols struct {
+	addresses []string
+	protocols []string
 }
 
 // Address represents a site address. It contains

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/builtins.go

@@ -56,10 +56,30 @@ func init() {
 
 // parseBind parses the bind directive. Syntax:
 //
-//	bind <addresses...>
+//		bind <addresses...> [{
+//	   protocols [h1|h2|h2c|h3] [...]
+//	 }]
 func parseBind(h Helper) ([]ConfigValue, error) {
 	h.Next() // consume directive name
-	return []ConfigValue{{Class: "bind", Value: h.RemainingArgs()}}, nil
+	var addresses, protocols []string
+	addresses = h.RemainingArgs()
+
+	for h.NextBlock(0) {
+		switch h.Val() {
+		case "protocols":
+			protocols = h.RemainingArgs()
+			if len(protocols) == 0 {
+				return nil, h.Errf("protocols requires one or more arguments")
+			}
+		default:
+			return nil, h.Errf("unknown subdirective: %s", h.Val())
+		}
+	}
+
+	return []ConfigValue{{Class: "bind", Value: addressesWithProtocols{
+		addresses: addresses,
+		protocols: protocols,
+	}}}, nil
 }
 
 // parseTLS parses the tls directive. Syntax:

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/directives.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ package httpcaddyfile
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"net"
+	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -100,17 +101,6 @@ var defaultDirectiveOrder = []string{
 // plugins or by the user via the "order" global option.
 var directiveOrder = defaultDirectiveOrder
 
-// directiveIsOrdered returns true if dir is
-// a known, ordered (sorted) directive.
-func directiveIsOrdered(dir string) bool {
-	for _, d := range directiveOrder {
-		if d == dir {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
 // RegisterDirective registers a unique directive dir with an
 // associated unmarshaling (setup) function. When directive dir
 // is encountered in a Caddyfile, setupFunc will be called to
@@ -161,7 +151,7 @@ func RegisterHandlerDirective(dir string, setupFunc UnmarshalHandlerFunc) {
 // EXPERIMENTAL: This API may change or be removed.
 func RegisterDirectiveOrder(dir string, position Positional, standardDir string) {
 	// check if directive was already ordered
-	if directiveIsOrdered(dir) {
+	if slices.Contains(directiveOrder, dir) {
 		panic("directive '" + dir + "' already ordered")
 	}
 
@@ -172,12 +162,7 @@ func RegisterDirectiveOrder(dir string, position Positional, standardDir string)
 	// check if directive exists in standard distribution, since
 	// we can't allow plugins to depend on one another; we can't
 	// guarantee the order that plugins are loaded in.
-	foundStandardDir := false
-	for _, d := range defaultDirectiveOrder {
-		if d == standardDir {
-			foundStandardDir = true
-		}
-	}
+	foundStandardDir := slices.Contains(defaultDirectiveOrder, standardDir)
 	if !foundStandardDir {
 		panic("the 3rd argument '" + standardDir + "' must be a directive that exists in the standard distribution of Caddy")
 	}
@@ -531,9 +516,9 @@ func sortRoutes(routes []ConfigValue) {
 // a "pile" of config values, keyed by class name,
 // as well as its parsed keys for convenience.
 type serverBlock struct {
-	block caddyfile.ServerBlock
-	pile  map[string][]ConfigValue // config values obtained from directives
-	keys  []Address
+	block      caddyfile.ServerBlock
+	pile       map[string][]ConfigValue // config values obtained from directives
+	parsedKeys []Address
 }
 
 // hostsFromKeys returns a list of all the non-empty hostnames found in
@@ -550,7 +535,7 @@ type serverBlock struct {
 func (sb serverBlock) hostsFromKeys(loggerMode bool) []string {
 	// ensure each entry in our list is unique
 	hostMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for _, addr := range sb.keys {
+	for _, addr := range sb.parsedKeys {
 		if addr.Host == "" {
 			if !loggerMode {
 				// server block contains a key like ":443", i.e. the host portion
@@ -582,7 +567,7 @@ func (sb serverBlock) hostsFromKeys(loggerMode bool) []string {
 func (sb serverBlock) hostsFromKeysNotHTTP(httpPort string) []string {
 	// ensure each entry in our list is unique
 	hostMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for _, addr := range sb.keys {
+	for _, addr := range sb.parsedKeys {
 		if addr.Host == "" {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -603,23 +588,17 @@ func (sb serverBlock) hostsFromKeysNotHTTP(httpPort string) []string {
 // hasHostCatchAllKey returns true if sb has a key that
 // omits a host portion, i.e. it "catches all" hosts.
 func (sb serverBlock) hasHostCatchAllKey() bool {
-	for _, addr := range sb.keys {
-		if addr.Host == "" {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
+	return slices.ContainsFunc(sb.parsedKeys, func(addr Address) bool {
+		return addr.Host == ""
+	})
 }
 
 // isAllHTTP returns true if all sb keys explicitly specify
 // the http:// scheme
 func (sb serverBlock) isAllHTTP() bool {
-	for _, addr := range sb.keys {
-		if addr.Scheme != "http" {
-			return false
-		}
-	}
-	return true
+	return !slices.ContainsFunc(sb.parsedKeys, func(addr Address) bool {
+		return addr.Scheme != "http"
+	})
 }
 
 // Positional are the supported modes for ordering directives.

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/directives_test.go

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ func TestHostsFromKeys(t *testing.T) {
 			[]string{"example.com:2015"},
 		},
 	} {
-		sb := serverBlock{keys: tc.keys}
+		sb := serverBlock{parsedKeys: tc.keys}
 
 		// test in normal mode
 		actual := sb.hostsFromKeys(false)

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/httptype.go

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ func (st ServerType) Setup(
 	}
 
 	// map
-	sbmap, err := st.mapAddressToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks, options)
+	sbmap, err := st.mapAddressToProtocolToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks, options)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, warnings, err
 	}
@@ -402,6 +402,20 @@ func (ServerType) evaluateGlobalOptionsBlock(serverBlocks []serverBlock, options
 			options[opt] = append(existingOpts, logOpts...)
 			continue
 		}
+		// Also fold multiple "default_bind" options together into an
+		// array so that server blocks can have multiple binds by default.
+		if opt == "default_bind" {
+			existingOpts, ok := options[opt].([]ConfigValue)
+			if !ok {
+				existingOpts = []ConfigValue{}
+			}
+			defaultBindOpts, ok := val.([]ConfigValue)
+			if !ok {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected type from 'default_bind' global options: %T", val)
+			}
+			options[opt] = append(existingOpts, defaultBindOpts...)
+			continue
+		}
 
 		options[opt] = val
 	}
@@ -520,8 +534,8 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 	if hsp, ok := options["https_port"].(int); ok {
 		httpsPort = strconv.Itoa(hsp)
 	}
-	autoHTTPS := "on"
-	if ah, ok := options["auto_https"].(string); ok {
+	autoHTTPS := []string{}
+	if ah, ok := options["auto_https"].([]string); ok {
 		autoHTTPS = ah
 	}
 
@@ -536,29 +550,81 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 					if k == j {
 						continue
 					}
-					if sliceContains(sblock2.block.GetKeysText(), key) {
+					if slices.Contains(sblock2.block.GetKeysText(), key) {
 						return nil, fmt.Errorf("ambiguous site definition: %s", key)
 					}
 				}
 			}
 		}
 
+		var (
+			addresses []string
+			protocols [][]string
+		)
+
+		for _, addressWithProtocols := range p.addressesWithProtocols {
+			addresses = append(addresses, addressWithProtocols.address)
+			protocols = append(protocols, addressWithProtocols.protocols)
+		}
+
 		srv := &caddyhttp.Server{
-			Listen: p.addresses,
+			Listen:          addresses,
+			ListenProtocols: protocols,
+		}
+
+		// remove srv.ListenProtocols[j] if it only contains the default protocols
+		for j, lnProtocols := range srv.ListenProtocols {
+			srv.ListenProtocols[j] = nil
+			for _, lnProtocol := range lnProtocols {
+				if lnProtocol != "" {
+					srv.ListenProtocols[j] = lnProtocols
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// remove srv.ListenProtocols if it only contains the default protocols for all listen addresses
+		listenProtocols := srv.ListenProtocols
+		srv.ListenProtocols = nil
+		for _, lnProtocols := range listenProtocols {
+			if lnProtocols != nil {
+				srv.ListenProtocols = listenProtocols
+				break
+			}
 		}
 
 		// handle the auto_https global option
-		if autoHTTPS != "on" {
-			srv.AutoHTTPS = new(caddyhttp.AutoHTTPSConfig)
-			switch autoHTTPS {
+		for _, val := range autoHTTPS {
+			switch val {
 			case "off":
+				if srv.AutoHTTPS == nil {
+					srv.AutoHTTPS = new(caddyhttp.AutoHTTPSConfig)
+				}
 				srv.AutoHTTPS.Disabled = true
+
 			case "disable_redirects":
+				if srv.AutoHTTPS == nil {
+					srv.AutoHTTPS = new(caddyhttp.AutoHTTPSConfig)
+				}
 				srv.AutoHTTPS.DisableRedir = true
+
 			case "disable_certs":
+				if srv.AutoHTTPS == nil {
+					srv.AutoHTTPS = new(caddyhttp.AutoHTTPSConfig)
+				}
 				srv.AutoHTTPS.DisableCerts = true
+
 			case "ignore_loaded_certs":
+				if srv.AutoHTTPS == nil {
+					srv.AutoHTTPS = new(caddyhttp.AutoHTTPSConfig)
+				}
 				srv.AutoHTTPS.IgnoreLoadedCerts = true
+
+			case "prefer_wildcard":
+				if srv.AutoHTTPS == nil {
+					srv.AutoHTTPS = new(caddyhttp.AutoHTTPSConfig)
+				}
+				srv.AutoHTTPS.PreferWildcard = true
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -566,7 +632,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 		// See ParseAddress() where parsing should later reject paths
 		// See https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/pull/4728 for a full explanation
 		for _, sblock := range p.serverBlocks {
-			for _, addr := range sblock.keys {
+			for _, addr := range sblock.parsedKeys {
 				if addr.Path != "" {
 					caddy.Log().Named("caddyfile").Warn("Using a path in a site address is deprecated; please use the 'handle' directive instead", zap.String("address", addr.String()))
 				}
@@ -584,7 +650,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 			var iLongestPath, jLongestPath string
 			var iLongestHost, jLongestHost string
 			var iWildcardHost, jWildcardHost bool
-			for _, addr := range p.serverBlocks[i].keys {
+			for _, addr := range p.serverBlocks[i].parsedKeys {
 				if strings.Contains(addr.Host, "*") || addr.Host == "" {
 					iWildcardHost = true
 				}
@@ -595,7 +661,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 					iLongestPath = addr.Path
 				}
 			}
-			for _, addr := range p.serverBlocks[j].keys {
+			for _, addr := range p.serverBlocks[j].parsedKeys {
 				if strings.Contains(addr.Host, "*") || addr.Host == "" {
 					jWildcardHost = true
 				}
@@ -627,7 +693,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 		})
 
 		var hasCatchAllTLSConnPolicy, addressQualifiesForTLS bool
-		autoHTTPSWillAddConnPolicy := autoHTTPS != "off"
+		autoHTTPSWillAddConnPolicy := srv.AutoHTTPS == nil || !srv.AutoHTTPS.Disabled
 
 		// if needed, the ServerLogConfig is initialized beforehand so
 		// that all server blocks can populate it with data, even when not
@@ -711,7 +777,14 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 				}
 			}
 
-			for _, addr := range sblock.keys {
+			wildcardHosts := []string{}
+			for _, addr := range sblock.parsedKeys {
+				if strings.HasPrefix(addr.Host, "*.") {
+					wildcardHosts = append(wildcardHosts, addr.Host[2:])
+				}
+			}
+
+			for _, addr := range sblock.parsedKeys {
 				// if server only uses HTTP port, auto-HTTPS will not apply
 				if listenersUseAnyPortOtherThan(srv.Listen, httpPort) {
 					// exclude any hosts that were defined explicitly with "http://"
@@ -720,12 +793,24 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 						if srv.AutoHTTPS == nil {
 							srv.AutoHTTPS = new(caddyhttp.AutoHTTPSConfig)
 						}
-						if !sliceContains(srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip, addr.Host) {
+						if !slices.Contains(srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip, addr.Host) {
 							srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip = append(srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip, addr.Host)
 						}
 					}
 				}
 
+				// If prefer wildcard is enabled, then we add hosts that are
+				// already covered by the wildcard to the skip list
+				if srv.AutoHTTPS != nil && srv.AutoHTTPS.PreferWildcard && addr.Scheme == "https" {
+					baseDomain := addr.Host
+					if idx := strings.Index(baseDomain, "."); idx != -1 {
+						baseDomain = baseDomain[idx+1:]
+					}
+					if !strings.HasPrefix(addr.Host, "*.") && slices.Contains(wildcardHosts, baseDomain) {
+						srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip = append(srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip, addr.Host)
+					}
+				}
+
 				// If TLS is specified as directive, it will also result in 1 or more connection policy being created
 				// Thus, catch-all address with non-standard port, e.g. :8443, can have TLS enabled without
 				// specifying prefix "https://"
@@ -734,7 +819,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 				// https://caddy.community/t/making-sense-of-auto-https-and-why-disabling-it-still-serves-https-instead-of-http/9761
 				createdTLSConnPolicies, ok := sblock.pile["tls.connection_policy"]
 				hasTLSEnabled := (ok && len(createdTLSConnPolicies) > 0) ||
-					(addr.Host != "" && srv.AutoHTTPS != nil && !sliceContains(srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip, addr.Host))
+					(addr.Host != "" && srv.AutoHTTPS != nil && !slices.Contains(srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip, addr.Host))
 
 				// we'll need to remember if the address qualifies for auto-HTTPS, so we
 				// can add a TLS conn policy if necessary
@@ -873,7 +958,10 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 		if addressQualifiesForTLS &&
 			!hasCatchAllTLSConnPolicy &&
 			(len(srv.TLSConnPolicies) > 0 || !autoHTTPSWillAddConnPolicy || defaultSNI != "" || fallbackSNI != "") {
-			srv.TLSConnPolicies = append(srv.TLSConnPolicies, &caddytls.ConnectionPolicy{DefaultSNI: defaultSNI, FallbackSNI: fallbackSNI})
+			srv.TLSConnPolicies = append(srv.TLSConnPolicies, &caddytls.ConnectionPolicy{
+				DefaultSNI:  defaultSNI,
+				FallbackSNI: fallbackSNI,
+			})
 		}
 
 		// tidy things up a bit
@@ -886,8 +974,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 		servers[fmt.Sprintf("srv%d", i)] = srv
 	}
 
-	err := applyServerOptions(servers, options, warnings)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := applyServerOptions(servers, options, warnings); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("applying global server options: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -932,7 +1019,7 @@ func detectConflictingSchemes(srv *caddyhttp.Server, serverBlocks []serverBlock,
 	}
 
 	for _, sblock := range serverBlocks {
-		for _, addr := range sblock.keys {
+		for _, addr := range sblock.parsedKeys {
 			if addr.Scheme == "http" || addr.Port == httpPort {
 				if err := checkAndSetHTTP(addr); err != nil {
 					return err
@@ -1061,7 +1148,7 @@ func consolidateConnPolicies(cps caddytls.ConnectionPolicies) (caddytls.Connecti
 				} else if cps[i].CertSelection != nil && cps[j].CertSelection != nil {
 					// if both have one, then combine AnyTag
 					for _, tag := range cps[j].CertSelection.AnyTag {
-						if !sliceContains(cps[i].CertSelection.AnyTag, tag) {
+						if !slices.Contains(cps[i].CertSelection.AnyTag, tag) {
 							cps[i].CertSelection.AnyTag = append(cps[i].CertSelection.AnyTag, tag)
 						}
 					}
@@ -1144,7 +1231,7 @@ func appendSubrouteToRouteList(routeList caddyhttp.RouteList,
 func buildSubroute(routes []ConfigValue, groupCounter counter, needsSorting bool) (*caddyhttp.Subroute, error) {
 	if needsSorting {
 		for _, val := range routes {
-			if !directiveIsOrdered(val.directive) {
+			if !slices.Contains(directiveOrder, val.directive) {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("directive '%s' is not an ordered HTTP handler, so it cannot be used here - try placing within a route block or using the order global option", val.directive)
 			}
 		}
@@ -1322,7 +1409,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) compileEncodedMatcherSets(sblock serverBlock) ([]caddy.Mod
 	var matcherPairs []*hostPathPair
 
 	var catchAllHosts bool
-	for _, addr := range sblock.keys {
+	for _, addr := range sblock.parsedKeys {
 		// choose a matcher pair that should be shared by this
 		// server block; if none exists yet, create one
 		var chosenMatcherPair *hostPathPair
@@ -1354,17 +1441,8 @@ func (st *ServerType) compileEncodedMatcherSets(sblock serverBlock) ([]caddy.Mod
 
 		// add this server block's keys to the matcher
 		// pair if it doesn't already exist
-		if addr.Host != "" {
-			var found bool
-			for _, h := range chosenMatcherPair.hostm {
-				if h == addr.Host {
-					found = true
-					break
-				}
-			}
-			if !found {
-				chosenMatcherPair.hostm = append(chosenMatcherPair.hostm, addr.Host)
-			}
+		if addr.Host != "" && !slices.Contains(chosenMatcherPair.hostm, addr.Host) {
+			chosenMatcherPair.hostm = append(chosenMatcherPair.hostm, addr.Host)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1540,16 +1618,6 @@ func tryDuration(val any, warnings *[]caddyconfig.Warning) caddy.Duration {
 	return durationVal
 }
 
-// sliceContains returns true if needle is in haystack.
-func sliceContains(haystack []string, needle string) bool {
-	for _, s := range haystack {
-		if s == needle {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
 // listenersUseAnyPortOtherThan returns true if there are any
 // listeners in addresses that use a port which is not otherPort.
 // Mostly borrowed from unexported method in caddyhttp package.
@@ -1613,12 +1681,19 @@ type namedCustomLog struct {
 	noHostname bool
 }
 
+// addressWithProtocols associates a listen address with
+// the protocols to serve it with
+type addressWithProtocols struct {
+	address   string
+	protocols []string
+}
+
 // sbAddrAssociation is a mapping from a list of
-// addresses to a list of server blocks that are
-// served on those addresses.
+// addresses with protocols, and a list of server
+// blocks that are served on those addresses.
 type sbAddrAssociation struct {
-	addresses    []string
-	serverBlocks []serverBlock
+	addressesWithProtocols []addressWithProtocols
+	serverBlocks           []serverBlock
 }
 
 const (

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/options.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 package httpcaddyfile
 
 import (
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ func init() {
 	RegisterGlobalOption("debug", parseOptTrue)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("http_port", parseOptHTTPPort)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("https_port", parseOptHTTPSPort)
-	RegisterGlobalOption("default_bind", parseOptStringList)
+	RegisterGlobalOption("default_bind", parseOptDefaultBind)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("grace_period", parseOptDuration)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("shutdown_delay", parseOptDuration)
 	RegisterGlobalOption("default_sni", parseOptSingleString)
@@ -110,17 +111,12 @@ func parseOptOrder(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	}
 	pos := Positional(d.Val())
 
-	newOrder := directiveOrder
+	// if directive already had an order, drop it
+	newOrder := slices.DeleteFunc(directiveOrder, func(d string) bool {
+		return d == dirName
+	})
 
-	// if directive exists, first remove it
-	for i, d := range newOrder {
-		if d == dirName {
-			newOrder = append(newOrder[:i], newOrder[i+1:]...)
-			break
-		}
-	}
-
-	// act on the positional
+	// act on the positional; if it's First or Last, we're done right away
 	switch pos {
 	case First:
 		newOrder = append([]string{dirName}, newOrder...)
@@ -129,6 +125,7 @@ func parseOptOrder(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 		}
 		directiveOrder = newOrder
 		return newOrder, nil
+
 	case Last:
 		newOrder = append(newOrder, dirName)
 		if d.NextArg() {
@@ -136,8 +133,11 @@ func parseOptOrder(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 		}
 		directiveOrder = newOrder
 		return newOrder, nil
+
+	// if it's Before or After, continue
 	case Before:
 	case After:
+
 	default:
 		return nil, d.Errf("unknown positional '%s'", pos)
 	}
@@ -151,17 +151,17 @@ func parseOptOrder(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 		return nil, d.ArgErr()
 	}
 
-	// insert directive into proper position
-	for i, d := range newOrder {
-		if d == otherDir {
-			if pos == Before {
-				newOrder = append(newOrder[:i], append([]string{dirName}, newOrder[i:]...)...)
-			} else if pos == After {
-				newOrder = append(newOrder[:i+1], append([]string{dirName}, newOrder[i+1:]...)...)
-			}
-			break
-		}
+	// get the position of the target directive
+	targetIndex := slices.Index(newOrder, otherDir)
+	if targetIndex == -1 {
+		return nil, d.Errf("directive '%s' not found", otherDir)
 	}
+	// if we're inserting after, we need to increment the index to go after
+	if pos == After {
+		targetIndex++
+	}
+	// insert the directive into the new order
+	newOrder = slices.Insert(newOrder, targetIndex, dirName)
 
 	directiveOrder = newOrder
 
@@ -284,13 +284,32 @@ func parseOptSingleString(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	return val, nil
 }
 
-func parseOptStringList(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
+func parseOptDefaultBind(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume option name
-	val := d.RemainingArgs()
-	if len(val) == 0 {
-		return "", d.ArgErr()
+
+	var addresses, protocols []string
+	addresses = d.RemainingArgs()
+
+	if len(addresses) == 0 {
+		addresses = append(addresses, "")
 	}
-	return val, nil
+
+	for d.NextBlock(0) {
+		switch d.Val() {
+		case "protocols":
+			protocols = d.RemainingArgs()
+			if len(protocols) == 0 {
+				return nil, d.Errf("protocols requires one or more arguments")
+			}
+		default:
+			return nil, d.Errf("unknown subdirective: %s", d.Val())
+		}
+	}
+
+	return []ConfigValue{{Class: "bind", Value: addressesWithProtocols{
+		addresses: addresses,
+		protocols: protocols,
+	}}}, nil
 }
 
 func parseOptAdmin(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
@@ -433,15 +452,22 @@ func parseOptPersistConfig(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 
 func parseOptAutoHTTPS(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume option name
-	if !d.Next() {
+	val := d.RemainingArgs()
+	if len(val) == 0 {
 		return "", d.ArgErr()
 	}
-	val := d.Val()
-	if d.Next() {
-		return "", d.ArgErr()
-	}
-	if val != "off" && val != "disable_redirects" && val != "disable_certs" && val != "ignore_loaded_certs" {
-		return "", d.Errf("auto_https must be one of 'off', 'disable_redirects', 'disable_certs', or 'ignore_loaded_certs'")
+	for _, v := range val {
+		switch v {
+		case "off":
+		case "disable_redirects":
+		case "disable_certs":
+		case "ignore_loaded_certs":
+		case "prefer_wildcard":
+			break
+
+		default:
+			return "", d.Errf("auto_https must be one of 'off', 'disable_redirects', 'disable_certs', 'ignore_loaded_certs', or 'prefer_wildcard'")
+		}
 	}
 	return val, nil
 }

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/serveroptions.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ package httpcaddyfile
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"slices"
 
 	"github.com/dustin/go-humanize"
 
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ func unmarshalCaddyfileServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) (any, error) {
 				if proto != "h1" && proto != "h2" && proto != "h2c" && proto != "h3" {
 					return nil, d.Errf("unknown protocol '%s': expected h1, h2, h2c, or h3", proto)
 				}
-				if sliceContains(serverOpts.Protocols, proto) {
+				if slices.Contains(serverOpts.Protocols, proto) {
 					return nil, d.Errf("protocol %s specified more than once", proto)
 				}
 				serverOpts.Protocols = append(serverOpts.Protocols, proto)
@@ -229,7 +230,7 @@ func unmarshalCaddyfileServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) (any, error) {
 		case "client_ip_headers":
 			headers := d.RemainingArgs()
 			for _, header := range headers {
-				if sliceContains(serverOpts.ClientIPHeaders, header) {
+				if slices.Contains(serverOpts.ClientIPHeaders, header) {
 					return nil, d.Errf("client IP header %s specified more than once", header)
 				}
 				serverOpts.ClientIPHeaders = append(serverOpts.ClientIPHeaders, header)
@@ -288,24 +289,15 @@ func applyServerOptions(
 
 	for key, server := range servers {
 		// find the options that apply to this server
-		opts := func() *serverOptions {
-			for _, entry := range serverOpts {
-				if entry.ListenerAddress == "" {
-					return &entry
-				}
-				for _, listener := range server.Listen {
-					if entry.ListenerAddress == listener {
-						return &entry
-					}
-				}
-			}
-			return nil
-		}()
+		optsIndex := slices.IndexFunc(serverOpts, func(s serverOptions) bool {
+			return s.ListenerAddress == "" || slices.Contains(server.Listen, s.ListenerAddress)
+		})
 
 		// if none apply, then move to the next server
-		if opts == nil {
+		if optsIndex == -1 {
 			continue
 		}
+		opts := serverOpts[optsIndex]
 
 		// set all the options
 		server.ListenerWrappersRaw = opts.ListenerWrappersRaw

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/tlsapp.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
+	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -44,8 +45,8 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 	if hp, ok := options["http_port"].(int); ok {
 		httpPort = strconv.Itoa(hp)
 	}
-	autoHTTPS := "on"
-	if ah, ok := options["auto_https"].(string); ok {
+	autoHTTPS := []string{}
+	if ah, ok := options["auto_https"].([]string); ok {
 		autoHTTPS = ah
 	}
 
@@ -53,23 +54,25 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 	// key, so that they don't get forgotten/omitted by auto-HTTPS
 	// (since they won't appear in route matchers)
 	httpsHostsSharedWithHostlessKey := make(map[string]struct{})
-	if autoHTTPS != "off" {
+	if !slices.Contains(autoHTTPS, "off") {
 		for _, pair := range pairings {
 			for _, sb := range pair.serverBlocks {
-				for _, addr := range sb.keys {
-					if addr.Host == "" {
-						// this server block has a hostless key, now
-						// go through and add all the hosts to the set
-						for _, otherAddr := range sb.keys {
-							if otherAddr.Original == addr.Original {
-								continue
-							}
-							if otherAddr.Host != "" && otherAddr.Scheme != "http" && otherAddr.Port != httpPort {
-								httpsHostsSharedWithHostlessKey[otherAddr.Host] = struct{}{}
-							}
-						}
-						break
+				for _, addr := range sb.parsedKeys {
+					if addr.Host != "" {
+						continue
 					}
+
+					// this server block has a hostless key, now
+					// go through and add all the hosts to the set
+					for _, otherAddr := range sb.parsedKeys {
+						if otherAddr.Original == addr.Original {
+							continue
+						}
+						if otherAddr.Host != "" && otherAddr.Scheme != "http" && otherAddr.Port != httpPort {
+							httpsHostsSharedWithHostlessKey[otherAddr.Host] = struct{}{}
+						}
+					}
+					break
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -91,7 +94,11 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 
 	for _, p := range pairings {
 		// avoid setting up TLS automation policies for a server that is HTTP-only
-		if !listenersUseAnyPortOtherThan(p.addresses, httpPort) {
+		var addresses []string
+		for _, addressWithProtocols := range p.addressesWithProtocols {
+			addresses = append(addresses, addressWithProtocols.address)
+		}
+		if !listenersUseAnyPortOtherThan(addresses, httpPort) {
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -181,8 +188,8 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 					if acmeIssuer.Challenges.BindHost == "" {
 						// only binding to one host is supported
 						var bindHost string
-						if bindHosts, ok := cfgVal.Value.([]string); ok && len(bindHosts) > 0 {
-							bindHost = bindHosts[0]
+						if asserted, ok := cfgVal.Value.(addressesWithProtocols); ok && len(asserted.addresses) > 0 {
+							bindHost = asserted.addresses[0]
 						}
 						acmeIssuer.Challenges.BindHost = bindHost
 					}
@@ -344,7 +351,7 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 	internalAP := &caddytls.AutomationPolicy{
 		IssuersRaw: []json.RawMessage{json.RawMessage(`{"module":"internal"}`)},
 	}
-	if autoHTTPS != "off" && autoHTTPS != "disable_certs" {
+	if !slices.Contains(autoHTTPS, "off") && !slices.Contains(autoHTTPS, "disable_certs") {
 		for h := range httpsHostsSharedWithHostlessKey {
 			al = append(al, h)
 			if !certmagic.SubjectQualifiesForPublicCert(h) {
@@ -411,7 +418,10 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 		}
 
 		// consolidate automation policies that are the exact same
-		tlsApp.Automation.Policies = consolidateAutomationPolicies(tlsApp.Automation.Policies)
+		tlsApp.Automation.Policies = consolidateAutomationPolicies(
+			tlsApp.Automation.Policies,
+			slices.Contains(autoHTTPS, "prefer_wildcard"),
+		)
 
 		// ensure automation policies don't overlap subjects (this should be
 		// an error at provision-time as well, but catch it in the adapt phase
@@ -465,7 +475,7 @@ func fillInGlobalACMEDefaults(issuer certmagic.Issuer, options map[string]any) e
 	if globalACMECA != nil && acmeIssuer.CA == "" {
 		acmeIssuer.CA = globalACMECA.(string)
 	}
-	if globalACMECARoot != nil && !sliceContains(acmeIssuer.TrustedRootsPEMFiles, globalACMECARoot.(string)) {
+	if globalACMECARoot != nil && !slices.Contains(acmeIssuer.TrustedRootsPEMFiles, globalACMECARoot.(string)) {
 		acmeIssuer.TrustedRootsPEMFiles = append(acmeIssuer.TrustedRootsPEMFiles, globalACMECARoot.(string))
 	}
 	if globalACMEDNS != nil && (acmeIssuer.Challenges == nil || acmeIssuer.Challenges.DNS == nil) {
@@ -557,7 +567,7 @@ func newBaseAutomationPolicy(
 
 // consolidateAutomationPolicies combines automation policies that are the same,
 // for a cleaner overall output.
-func consolidateAutomationPolicies(aps []*caddytls.AutomationPolicy) []*caddytls.AutomationPolicy {
+func consolidateAutomationPolicies(aps []*caddytls.AutomationPolicy, preferWildcard bool) []*caddytls.AutomationPolicy {
 	// sort from most specific to least specific; we depend on this ordering
 	sort.SliceStable(aps, func(i, j int) bool {
 		if automationPolicyIsSubset(aps[i], aps[j]) {
@@ -580,7 +590,7 @@ func consolidateAutomationPolicies(aps []*caddytls.AutomationPolicy) []*caddytls
 			if !automationPolicyHasAllPublicNames(aps[i]) {
 				// if this automation policy has internal names, we might as well remove it
 				// so auto-https can implicitly use the internal issuer
-				aps = append(aps[:i], aps[i+1:]...)
+				aps = slices.Delete(aps, i, i+1)
 				i--
 			}
 		}
@@ -597,7 +607,7 @@ outer:
 		for j := i + 1; j < len(aps); j++ {
 			// if they're exactly equal in every way, just keep one of them
 			if reflect.DeepEqual(aps[i], aps[j]) {
-				aps = append(aps[:j], aps[j+1:]...)
+				aps = slices.Delete(aps, j, j+1)
 				// must re-evaluate current i against next j; can't skip it!
 				// even if i decrements to -1, will be incremented to 0 immediately
 				i--
@@ -627,21 +637,46 @@ outer:
 					// cause example.com to be served by the less specific policy for
 					// '*.com', which might be different (yes we've seen this happen)
 					if automationPolicyShadows(i, aps) >= j {
-						aps = append(aps[:i], aps[i+1:]...)
+						aps = slices.Delete(aps, i, i+1)
 						i--
 						continue outer
 					}
 				} else {
 					// avoid repeated subjects
 					for _, subj := range aps[j].SubjectsRaw {
-						if !sliceContains(aps[i].SubjectsRaw, subj) {
+						if !slices.Contains(aps[i].SubjectsRaw, subj) {
 							aps[i].SubjectsRaw = append(aps[i].SubjectsRaw, subj)
 						}
 					}
-					aps = append(aps[:j], aps[j+1:]...)
+					aps = slices.Delete(aps, j, j+1)
 					j--
 				}
 			}
+
+			if preferWildcard {
+				// remove subjects from i if they're covered by a wildcard in j
+				iSubjs := aps[i].SubjectsRaw
+				for iSubj := 0; iSubj < len(iSubjs); iSubj++ {
+					for jSubj := range aps[j].SubjectsRaw {
+						if !strings.HasPrefix(aps[j].SubjectsRaw[jSubj], "*.") {
+							continue
+						}
+						if certmagic.MatchWildcard(aps[i].SubjectsRaw[iSubj], aps[j].SubjectsRaw[jSubj]) {
+							iSubjs = slices.Delete(iSubjs, iSubj, iSubj+1)
+							iSubj--
+							break
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				aps[i].SubjectsRaw = iSubjs
+
+				// remove i if it has no subjects left
+				if len(aps[i].SubjectsRaw) == 0 {
+					aps = slices.Delete(aps, i, i+1)
+					i--
+					continue outer
+				}
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -658,13 +693,9 @@ func automationPolicyIsSubset(a, b *caddytls.AutomationPolicy) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 	for _, aSubj := range a.SubjectsRaw {
-		var inSuperset bool
-		for _, bSubj := range b.SubjectsRaw {
-			if certmagic.MatchWildcard(aSubj, bSubj) {
-				inSuperset = true
-				break
-			}
-		}
+		inSuperset := slices.ContainsFunc(b.SubjectsRaw, func(bSubj string) bool {
+			return certmagic.MatchWildcard(aSubj, bSubj)
+		})
 		if !inSuperset {
 			return false
 		}
@@ -709,12 +740,9 @@ func subjectQualifiesForPublicCert(ap *caddytls.AutomationPolicy, subj string) b
 // automationPolicyHasAllPublicNames returns true if all the names on the policy
 // do NOT qualify for public certs OR are tailscale domains.
 func automationPolicyHasAllPublicNames(ap *caddytls.AutomationPolicy) bool {
-	for _, subj := range ap.SubjectsRaw {
-		if !subjectQualifiesForPublicCert(ap, subj) || isTailscaleDomain(subj) {
-			return false
-		}
-	}
-	return true
+	return !slices.ContainsFunc(ap.SubjectsRaw, func(i string) bool {
+		return !subjectQualifiesForPublicCert(ap, i) || isTailscaleDomain(i)
+	})
 }
 
 func isTailscaleDomain(name string) bool {

caddytest/caddytest_test.go

@@ -84,7 +84,6 @@ func TestLoadUnorderedJSON(t *testing.T) {
 				"servers": {
 					"s_server": {
 						"listen": [
-							":9443",
 							":9080"
 						],
 						"routes": [

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/auto_https_prefer_wildcard.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+{
+	auto_https prefer_wildcard
+}
+
+*.example.com {
+	tls {
+		dns mock
+	}
+	respond "fallback"
+}
+
+foo.example.com {
+	respond "foo"
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":443"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"foo.example.com"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"body": "foo",
+													"handler": "static_response"
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						},
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"*.example.com"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"body": "fallback",
+													"handler": "static_response"
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					],
+					"automatic_https": {
+						"prefer_wildcard": true
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"tls": {
+			"automation": {
+				"policies": [
+					{
+						"subjects": [
+							"*.example.com"
+						],
+						"issuers": [
+							{
+								"challenges": {
+									"dns": {
+										"provider": {
+											"name": "mock"
+										}
+									}
+								},
+								"module": "acme"
+							}
+						]
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/bind_fd_fdgram_h123.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+{
+	auto_https disable_redirects
+	admin off
+}
+
+http://localhost {
+	bind fd/{env.CADDY_HTTP_FD} {
+		protocols h1
+	}
+	log
+	respond "Hello, HTTP!"
+}
+
+https://localhost {
+	bind fd/{env.CADDY_HTTPS_FD} {
+		protocols h1 h2
+	}
+	bind fdgram/{env.CADDY_HTTP3_FD} {
+		protocols h3
+	}
+	log
+	respond "Hello, HTTPS!"
+}
+----------
+{
+	"admin": {
+		"disabled": true
+	},
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						"fd/{env.CADDY_HTTPS_FD}",
+						"fdgram/{env.CADDY_HTTP3_FD}"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"localhost"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"body": "Hello, HTTPS!",
+													"handler": "static_response"
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					],
+					"automatic_https": {
+						"disable_redirects": true
+					},
+					"logs": {
+						"logger_names": {
+							"localhost": [
+								""
+							]
+						}
+					},
+					"listen_protocols": [
+						[
+							"h1",
+							"h2"
+						],
+						[
+							"h3"
+						]
+					]
+				},
+				"srv1": {
+					"automatic_https": {
+						"disable_redirects": true
+					}
+				},
+				"srv2": {
+					"listen": [
+						"fd/{env.CADDY_HTTP_FD}"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"localhost"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"body": "Hello, HTTP!",
+													"handler": "static_response"
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					],
+					"automatic_https": {
+						"disable_redirects": true,
+						"skip": [
+							"localhost"
+						]
+					},
+					"logs": {
+						"logger_names": {
+							"localhost": [
+								""
+							]
+						}
+					},
+					"listen_protocols": [
+						[
+							"h1"
+						]
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/file_server_sort.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+:80
+
+file_server {
+	browse {
+		sort size desc
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":80"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"browse": {
+										"sort": [
+											"size",
+											"desc"
+										]
+									},
+									"handler": "file_server",
+									"hide": [
+										"./Caddyfile"
+									]
+								}
+							]
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/reverse_proxy_health_method.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+:8884
+
+reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:65535 {
+	health_uri /health
+	health_method HEAD
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":8884"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "reverse_proxy",
+									"health_checks": {
+										"active": {
+											"method": "HEAD",
+											"uri": "/health"
+										}
+									},
+									"upstreams": [
+										{
+											"dial": "127.0.0.1:65535"
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							]
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/reverse_proxy_health_reqbody.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+:8884
+
+reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:65535 {
+	health_uri /health
+	health_request_body "test body"
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":8884"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "reverse_proxy",
+									"health_checks": {
+										"active": {
+											"body": "test body",
+											"uri": "/health"
+										}
+									},
+									"upstreams": [
+										{
+											"dial": "127.0.0.1:65535"
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							]
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/reverse_proxy_localaddr.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+https://example.com {
+	reverse_proxy http://localhost:54321 {
+		transport http {
+			local_address 192.168.0.1
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":443"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"example.com"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"handler": "reverse_proxy",
+													"transport": {
+														"local_address": "192.168.0.1",
+														"protocol": "http"
+													},
+													"upstreams": [
+														{
+															"dial": "localhost:54321"
+														}
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/caddyfile_adapt/wildcard_pattern.caddyfiletest

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+*.example.com {
+	tls foo@example.com {
+		dns mock
+	}
+
+	@foo host foo.example.com
+	handle @foo {
+		respond "Foo!"
+	}
+
+	@bar host bar.example.com
+	handle @bar {
+		respond "Bar!"
+	}
+
+	# Fallback for otherwise unhandled domains
+	handle {
+		abort
+	}
+}
+----------
+{
+	"apps": {
+		"http": {
+			"servers": {
+				"srv0": {
+					"listen": [
+						":443"
+					],
+					"routes": [
+						{
+							"match": [
+								{
+									"host": [
+										"*.example.com"
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"handle": [
+								{
+									"handler": "subroute",
+									"routes": [
+										{
+											"group": "group3",
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"handler": "subroute",
+													"routes": [
+														{
+															"handle": [
+																{
+																	"body": "Foo!",
+																	"handler": "static_response"
+																}
+															]
+														}
+													]
+												}
+											],
+											"match": [
+												{
+													"host": [
+														"foo.example.com"
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										},
+										{
+											"group": "group3",
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"handler": "subroute",
+													"routes": [
+														{
+															"handle": [
+																{
+																	"body": "Bar!",
+																	"handler": "static_response"
+																}
+															]
+														}
+													]
+												}
+											],
+											"match": [
+												{
+													"host": [
+														"bar.example.com"
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										},
+										{
+											"group": "group3",
+											"handle": [
+												{
+													"handler": "subroute",
+													"routes": [
+														{
+															"handle": [
+																{
+																	"abort": true,
+																	"handler": "static_response"
+																}
+															]
+														}
+													]
+												}
+											]
+										}
+									]
+								}
+							],
+							"terminal": true
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"tls": {
+			"automation": {
+				"policies": [
+					{
+						"subjects": [
+							"*.example.com"
+						],
+						"issuers": [
+							{
+								"challenges": {
+									"dns": {
+										"provider": {
+											"name": "mock"
+										}
+									}
+								},
+								"email": "foo@example.com",
+								"module": "acme"
+							},
+							{
+								"ca": "https://acme.zerossl.com/v2/DV90",
+								"challenges": {
+									"dns": {
+										"provider": {
+											"name": "mock"
+										}
+									}
+								},
+								"email": "foo@example.com",
+								"module": "acme"
+							}
+						]
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

caddytest/integration/intercept_test.go

@@ -18,17 +18,23 @@ func TestIntercept(t *testing.T) {
 	
 		localhost:9080 {
 			respond /intercept "I'm a teapot" 408
+			header /intercept To-Intercept ok
 			respond /no-intercept "I'm not a teapot"
 
 			intercept {
 				@teapot status 408
 				handle_response @teapot {
+					header /intercept intercepted {resp.header.To-Intercept}
 					respond /intercept "I'm a combined coffee/tea pot that is temporarily out of coffee" 503
 				}
 			}	
 		}
 		`, "caddyfile")
 
-	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/intercept", 503, "I'm a combined coffee/tea pot that is temporarily out of coffee")
+	r, _ := tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/intercept", 503, "I'm a combined coffee/tea pot that is temporarily out of coffee")
+	if r.Header.Get("intercepted") != "ok" {
+		t.Fatalf(`header "intercepted" value is not "ok": %s`, r.Header.Get("intercepted"))
+	}
+
 	tester.AssertGetResponse("http://localhost:9080/no-intercept", 200, "I'm not a teapot")
 }

caddytest/integration/mockdns_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package integration
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
+	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
+	"github.com/libdns/libdns"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	caddy.RegisterModule(MockDNSProvider{})
+}
+
+// MockDNSProvider is a mock DNS provider, for testing config with DNS modules.
+type MockDNSProvider struct{}
+
+// CaddyModule returns the Caddy module information.
+func (MockDNSProvider) CaddyModule() caddy.ModuleInfo {
+	return caddy.ModuleInfo{
+		ID:  "dns.providers.mock",
+		New: func() caddy.Module { return new(MockDNSProvider) },
+	}
+}
+
+// Provision sets up the module.
+func (MockDNSProvider) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// UnmarshalCaddyfile sets up the module from Caddyfile tokens.
+func (MockDNSProvider) UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// AppendsRecords appends DNS records to the zone.
+func (MockDNSProvider) AppendRecords(ctx context.Context, zone string, recs []libdns.Record) ([]libdns.Record, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// DeleteRecords deletes DNS records from the zone.
+func (MockDNSProvider) DeleteRecords(ctx context.Context, zone string, recs []libdns.Record) ([]libdns.Record, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// GetRecords gets DNS records from the zone.
+func (MockDNSProvider) GetRecords(ctx context.Context, zone string) ([]libdns.Record, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// SetRecords sets DNS records in the zone.
+func (MockDNSProvider) SetRecords(ctx context.Context, zone string, recs []libdns.Record) ([]libdns.Record, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// Interface guard
+var _ caddyfile.Unmarshaler = (*MockDNSProvider)(nil)
+var _ certmagic.DNSProvider = (*MockDNSProvider)(nil)
+var _ caddy.Provisioner = (*MockDNSProvider)(nil)
+var _ caddy.Module = (*MockDNSProvider)(nil)

caddytest/integration/testdata/foo_with_multiple_trailing_newlines.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+foo
+

caddytest/integration/testdata/foo_with_trailing_newline.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+foo

cmd/caddy/main.go

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+// The below line is required to enable post-quantum key agreement in Go 1.23
+// by default without insisting on setting a minimum version of 1.23 in go.mod.
+// See https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/issues/6540#issuecomment-2313094905
+//go:debug tlskyber=1
+
 // Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

cmd/cobra.go

@@ -8,9 +8,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 )
 
-var rootCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use: "caddy",
-	Long: `Caddy is an extensible server platform written in Go.
+var defaultFactory = newRootCommandFactory(func() *cobra.Command {
+	return &cobra.Command{
+		Use: "caddy",
+		Long: `Caddy is an extensible server platform written in Go.
 
 At its core, Caddy merely manages configuration. Modules are plugged
 in statically at compile-time to provide useful functionality. Caddy's
@@ -91,23 +92,26 @@ package installers: https://caddyserver.com/docs/install
 Instructions for running Caddy in production are also available:
 https://caddyserver.com/docs/running
 `,
-	Example: `  $ caddy run
+		Example: `  $ caddy run
   $ caddy run --config caddy.json
   $ caddy reload --config caddy.json
   $ caddy stop`,
 
-	// kind of annoying to have all the help text printed out if
-	// caddy has an error provisioning its modules, for instance...
-	SilenceUsage: true,
-	Version:      onlyVersionText(),
-}
+		// kind of annoying to have all the help text printed out if
+		// caddy has an error provisioning its modules, for instance...
+		SilenceUsage: true,
+		Version:      onlyVersionText(),
+	}
+})
 
 const fullDocsFooter = `Full documentation is available at:
 https://caddyserver.com/docs/command-line`
 
 func init() {
-	rootCmd.SetVersionTemplate("{{.Version}}\n")
-	rootCmd.SetHelpTemplate(rootCmd.HelpTemplate() + "\n" + fullDocsFooter + "\n")
+	defaultFactory.Use(func(rootCmd *cobra.Command) {
+		rootCmd.SetVersionTemplate("{{.Version}}\n")
+		rootCmd.SetHelpTemplate(rootCmd.HelpTemplate() + "\n" + fullDocsFooter + "\n")
+	})
 }
 
 func onlyVersionText() string {

cmd/commandfactory.go

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package caddycmd
+
+import (
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type rootCommandFactory struct {
+	constructor func() *cobra.Command
+	options     []func(*cobra.Command)
+}
+
+func newRootCommandFactory(fn func() *cobra.Command) *rootCommandFactory {
+	return &rootCommandFactory{
+		constructor: fn,
+	}
+}
+
+func (f *rootCommandFactory) Use(fn func(cmd *cobra.Command)) {
+	f.options = append(f.options, fn)
+}
+
+func (f *rootCommandFactory) Build() *cobra.Command {
+	o := f.constructor()
+	for _, v := range f.options {
+		v(o)
+	}
+	return o
+}

cmd/commandfuncs.go

@@ -74,6 +74,10 @@ func cmdStart(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 	// sure by giving it some random bytes and having it echo
 	// them back to us)
 	cmd := exec.Command(os.Args[0], "run", "--pingback", ln.Addr().String())
+	// we should be able to run caddy in relative paths
+	if errors.Is(cmd.Err, exec.ErrDot) {
+		cmd.Err = nil
+	}
 	if configFlag != "" {
 		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "--config", configFlag)
 	}
@@ -656,6 +660,8 @@ func AdminAPIRequest(adminAddr, method, uri string, headers http.Header, body io
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		parsedAddr.Host = addr
+	} else if parsedAddr.IsFdNetwork() {
+		origin = "http://127.0.0.1"
 	}
 
 	// form the request
@@ -663,13 +669,13 @@ func AdminAPIRequest(adminAddr, method, uri string, headers http.Header, body io
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("making request: %v", err)
 	}
-	if parsedAddr.IsUnixNetwork() {
+	if parsedAddr.IsUnixNetwork() || parsedAddr.IsFdNetwork() {
 		// We used to conform to RFC 2616 Section 14.26 which requires
 		// an empty host header when there is no host, as is the case
-		// with unix sockets. However, Go required a Host value so we
-		// used a hack of a space character as the host (it would see
-		// the Host was non-empty, then trim the space later). As of
-		// Go 1.20.6 (July 2023), this hack no longer works. See:
+		// with unix sockets and socket fds. However, Go required a
+		// Host value so we used a hack of a space character as the host
+		// (it would see the Host was non-empty, then trim the space later).
+		// As of Go 1.20.6 (July 2023), this hack no longer works. See:
 		// https://github.com/golang/go/issues/60374
 		// See also the discussion here:
 		// https://github.com/golang/go/issues/61431
@@ -710,7 +716,7 @@ func AdminAPIRequest(adminAddr, method, uri string, headers http.Header, body io
 
 	// if it didn't work, let the user know
 	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
-		respBody, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 1024*10))
+		respBody, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 1024*1024*2))
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("HTTP %d: reading error message: %v", resp.StatusCode, err)
 		}

cmd/commands.go

@@ -438,43 +438,44 @@ EXPERIMENTAL: May be changed or removed.
 		},
 	})
 
-	RegisterCommand(Command{
-		Name:  "manpage",
-		Usage: "--directory <path>",
-		Short: "Generates the manual pages for Caddy commands",
-		Long: `
+	defaultFactory.Use(func(rootCmd *cobra.Command) {
+		RegisterCommand(Command{
+			Name:  "manpage",
+			Usage: "--directory <path>",
+			Short: "Generates the manual pages for Caddy commands",
+			Long: `
 Generates the manual pages for Caddy commands into the designated directory
 tagged into section 8 (System Administration).
 
 The manual page files are generated into the directory specified by the
 argument of --directory. If the directory does not exist, it will be created.
 `,
-		CobraFunc: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
-			cmd.Flags().StringP("directory", "o", "", "The output directory where the manpages are generated")
-			cmd.RunE = WrapCommandFuncForCobra(func(fl Flags) (int, error) {
-				dir := strings.TrimSpace(fl.String("directory"))
-				if dir == "" {
-					return caddy.ExitCodeFailedQuit, fmt.Errorf("designated output directory and specified section are required")
-				}
-				if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755); err != nil {
-					return caddy.ExitCodeFailedQuit, err
-				}
-				if err := doc.GenManTree(rootCmd, &doc.GenManHeader{
-					Title:   "Caddy",
-					Section: "8", // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_page#Manual_sections
-				}, dir); err != nil {
-					return caddy.ExitCodeFailedQuit, err
-				}
-				return caddy.ExitCodeSuccess, nil
-			})
-		},
-	})
+			CobraFunc: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+				cmd.Flags().StringP("directory", "o", "", "The output directory where the manpages are generated")
+				cmd.RunE = WrapCommandFuncForCobra(func(fl Flags) (int, error) {
+					dir := strings.TrimSpace(fl.String("directory"))
+					if dir == "" {
+						return caddy.ExitCodeFailedQuit, fmt.Errorf("designated output directory and specified section are required")
+					}
+					if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755); err != nil {
+						return caddy.ExitCodeFailedQuit, err
+					}
+					if err := doc.GenManTree(rootCmd, &doc.GenManHeader{
+						Title:   "Caddy",
+						Section: "8", // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_page#Manual_sections
+					}, dir); err != nil {
+						return caddy.ExitCodeFailedQuit, err
+					}
+					return caddy.ExitCodeSuccess, nil
+				})
+			},
+		})
 
-	// source: https://github.com/spf13/cobra/blob/main/shell_completions.md
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(&cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "completion [bash|zsh|fish|powershell]",
-		Short: "Generate completion script",
-		Long: fmt.Sprintf(`To load completions:
+		// source: https://github.com/spf13/cobra/blob/main/shell_completions.md
+		rootCmd.AddCommand(&cobra.Command{
+			Use:   "completion [bash|zsh|fish|powershell]",
+			Short: "Generate completion script",
+			Long: fmt.Sprintf(`To load completions:
 
 	Bash:
 
@@ -513,23 +514,24 @@ argument of --directory. If the directory does not exist, it will be created.
 	  PS> %[1]s completion powershell > %[1]s.ps1
 	  # and source this file from your PowerShell profile.
 	`, rootCmd.Root().Name()),
-		DisableFlagsInUseLine: true,
-		ValidArgs:             []string{"bash", "zsh", "fish", "powershell"},
-		Args:                  cobra.MatchAll(cobra.ExactArgs(1), cobra.OnlyValidArgs),
-		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			switch args[0] {
-			case "bash":
-				return cmd.Root().GenBashCompletion(os.Stdout)
-			case "zsh":
-				return cmd.Root().GenZshCompletion(os.Stdout)
-			case "fish":
-				return cmd.Root().GenFishCompletion(os.Stdout, true)
-			case "powershell":
-				return cmd.Root().GenPowerShellCompletionWithDesc(os.Stdout)
-			default:
-				return fmt.Errorf("unrecognized shell: %s", args[0])
-			}
-		},
+			DisableFlagsInUseLine: true,
+			ValidArgs:             []string{"bash", "zsh", "fish", "powershell"},
+			Args:                  cobra.MatchAll(cobra.ExactArgs(1), cobra.OnlyValidArgs),
+			RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+				switch args[0] {
+				case "bash":
+					return cmd.Root().GenBashCompletion(os.Stdout)
+				case "zsh":
+					return cmd.Root().GenZshCompletion(os.Stdout)
+				case "fish":
+					return cmd.Root().GenFishCompletion(os.Stdout, true)
+				case "powershell":
+					return cmd.Root().GenPowerShellCompletionWithDesc(os.Stdout)
+				default:
+					return fmt.Errorf("unrecognized shell: %s", args[0])
+				}
+			},
+		})
 	})
 }
 
@@ -563,7 +565,9 @@ func RegisterCommand(cmd Command) {
 	if !commandNameRegex.MatchString(cmd.Name) {
 		panic("invalid command name")
 	}
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(caddyCmdToCobra(cmd))
+	defaultFactory.Use(func(rootCmd *cobra.Command) {
+		rootCmd.AddCommand(caddyCmdToCobra(cmd))
+	})
 }
 
 var commandNameRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-z0-9]$|^([a-z0-9]+-?[a-z0-9]*)+[a-z0-9]$`)

cmd/main.go

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ func Main() {
 		caddy.Log().Warn("failed to set GOMAXPROCS", zap.Error(err))
 	}
 
-	if err := rootCmd.Execute(); err != nil {
+	if err := defaultFactory.Build().Execute(); err != nil {
 		var exitError *exitError
 		if errors.As(err, &exitError) {
 			os.Exit(exitError.ExitCode)

cmd/main_test.go

@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ func Test_isCaddyfile(t *testing.T) {
 			wantErr: false,
 		},
 		{
-			
+
 			name: "json is not caddyfile but not error",
 			args: args{
 				configFile:  "./Caddyfile.json",
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ func Test_isCaddyfile(t *testing.T) {
 			wantErr: false,
 		},
 		{
-			
+
 			name: "prefix of Caddyfile and ./ with any extension is Caddyfile",
 			args: args{
 				configFile:  "./Caddyfile.prd",
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ func Test_isCaddyfile(t *testing.T) {
 			wantErr: false,
 		},
 		{
-			
+
 			name: "prefix of Caddyfile without ./ with any extension is Caddyfile",
 			args: args{
 				configFile:  "Caddyfile.prd",

go.mod

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 module github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2
 
-go 1.21.0
+go 1.22.3
 
-toolchain go1.22.2
+toolchain go1.23.0
 
 require (
 	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.3.2
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ require (
 	github.com/caddyserver/zerossl v0.1.3
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1
 	github.com/go-chi/chi/v5 v5.0.12
-	github.com/google/cel-go v0.20.1
+	github.com/google/cel-go v0.21.0
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
 	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.8
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.7
 	github.com/mholt/acmez/v2 v2.0.1
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1
-	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.44.0
+	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.47.0
 	github.com/smallstep/certificates v0.26.1
 	github.com/smallstep/nosql v0.6.1
 	github.com/smallstep/truststore v0.13.0
@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ require (
 	go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.5.3
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
 	go.uber.org/zap/exp v0.2.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.23.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.26.0
 	golang.org/x/crypto/x509roots/fallback v0.0.0-20240507223354-67b13616a595
-	golang.org/x/net v0.25.0
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0
-	golang.org/x/term v0.20.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.28.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.8.0
+	golang.org/x/term v0.23.0
 	golang.org/x/time v0.5.0
 	gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.2.1
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/antlr4-go/antlr/v4 v4.13.0 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/francoispqt/gojay v1.2.13 // indirect
 	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3 v3.0.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-kit/log v0.2.1 // indirect
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.18.0 // indirect
 	github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2 v2.13.2 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/quic-go/qpack v0.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/quic-go/qpack v0.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/smallstep/go-attestation v0.4.4-0.20240109183208-413678f90935 // indirect
 	github.com/smallstep/pkcs7 v0.0.0-20231024181729-3b98ecc1ca81 // indirect
 	github.com/smallstep/scep v0.0.0-20231024192529-aee96d7ad34d // indirect
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/mitchellh/copystructure v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/go-ps v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/reflectwalk v1.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/pires/go-proxyproto v0.7.0
+	github.com/pires/go-proxyproto v0.7.1-0.20240628150027-b718e7ce4964
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/common v0.48.0 // indirect
@@ -147,9 +148,9 @@ require (
 	go.step.sm/linkedca v0.20.1 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/mod v0.17.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0
-	golang.org/x/text v0.15.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.21.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.23.0
+	golang.org/x/text v0.17.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.21.1-0.20240508182429-e35e4ccd0d2d // indirect
 	google.golang.org/grpc v1.63.2 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.1 // indirect
 	howett.net/plist v1.0.0 // indirect

go.sum

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+cloud.google.com/go v0.26.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.31.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.34.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.37.0/go.mod h1:TS1dMSSfndXH133OKGwekG838Om/cQT0BUHV3HcBgoo=
 cloud.google.com/go v0.112.1 h1:uJSeirPke5UNZHIb4SxfZklVSiWWVqW4oXlETwZziwM=
 cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.4.1 h1:Z7YNIhlWRtrnKlZke7z3GMqzvuYzdc2z98F9D1NV5Hg=
 cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.4.1/go.mod h1:QVBuVEKpCn4Zp58hzRGvL0tjRGU0YqdRTdCHM1IHnro=
@@ -12,8 +16,13 @@ cloud.google.com/go/kms v1.16.0 h1:1yZsRPhmargZOmY+fVAh8IKiR9HzCb0U1zsxb5g2nRY=
 cloud.google.com/go/kms v1.16.0/go.mod h1:olQUXy2Xud+1GzYfiBO9N0RhjsJk5IJLU6n/ethLXVc=
 cloud.google.com/go/longrunning v0.5.7 h1:WLbHekDbjK1fVFD3ibpFFVoyizlLRl73I7YKuAKilhU=
 cloud.google.com/go/longrunning v0.5.7/go.mod h1:8GClkudohy1Fxm3owmBGid8W0pSgodEMwEAztp38Xng=
+dmitri.shuralyov.com/app/changes v0.0.0-20180602232624-0a106ad413e3/go.mod h1:Yl+fi1br7+Rr3LqpNJf1/uxUdtRUV+Tnj0o93V2B9MU=
+dmitri.shuralyov.com/html/belt v0.0.0-20180602232347-f7d459c86be0/go.mod h1:JLBrvjyP0v+ecvNYvCpyZgu5/xkfAUhi6wJj28eUfSU=
+dmitri.shuralyov.com/service/change v0.0.0-20181023043359-a85b471d5412/go.mod h1:a1inKt/atXimZ4Mv927x+r7UpyzRUf4emIoiiSC2TN4=
+dmitri.shuralyov.com/state v0.0.0-20180228185332-28bcc343414c/go.mod h1:0PRwlb0D6DFvNNtx+9ybjezNCa8XF0xaYcETyp6rHWU=
 filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0 h1:FNf4tywRC1HmFuKW5xopWpigGjJKiJSV0Cqo0cJWDaA=
 filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0/go.mod h1:BxyFTGdWcka3PhytdK4V28tE5sGfRvvvRV7EaN4VDT4=
+git.apache.org/thrift.git v0.0.0-20180902110319-2566ecd5d999/go.mod h1:fPE2ZNJGynbRyZ4dJvy6G277gSllfV2HJqblrnkyeyg=
 github.com/AndreasBriese/bbloom v0.0.0-20190825152654-46b345b51c96 h1:cTp8I5+VIoKjsnZuH8vjyaysT/ses3EvZeaV/1UkF2M=
 github.com/AndreasBriese/bbloom v0.0.0-20190825152654-46b345b51c96/go.mod h1:bOvUY6CB00SOBii9/FifXqc0awNKxLFCL/+pkDPuyl8=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
@@ -38,6 +47,7 @@ github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2 v2.13.0/go.mod h1:BUGjjsD+ndS6eX37YgTchSEG+Jg9Jv
 github.com/alecthomas/repr v0.0.0-20220113201626-b1b626ac65ae/go.mod h1:2kn6fqh/zIyPLmm3ugklbEi5hg5wS435eygvNfaDQL8=
 github.com/alecthomas/repr v0.4.0 h1:GhI2A8MACjfegCPVq9f1FLvIBS+DrQ2KQBFZP1iFzXc=
 github.com/alecthomas/repr v0.4.0/go.mod h1:Fr0507jx4eOXV7AlPV6AVZLYrLIuIeSOWtW57eE/O/4=
+github.com/anmitsu/go-shlex v0.0.0-20161002113705-648efa622239/go.mod h1:2FmKhYUyUczH0OGQWaF5ceTx0UBShxjsH6f8oGKYe2c=
 github.com/antlr4-go/antlr/v4 v4.13.0 h1:lxCg3LAv+EUK6t1i0y1V6/SLeUi0eKEKdhQAlS8TVTI=
 github.com/antlr4-go/antlr/v4 v4.13.0/go.mod h1:pfChB/xh/Unjila75QW7+VU4TSnWnnk9UTnmpPaOR2g=
 github.com/armon/consul-api v0.0.0-20180202201655-eb2c6b5be1b6/go.mod h1:grANhF5doyWs3UAsr3K4I6qtAmlQcZDesFNEHPZAzj8=
@@ -71,8 +81,11 @@ github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.28.7 h1:et3Ta53gotFR4ERLXXHIHl/Uuk1q
 github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.28.7/go.mod h1:FZf1/nKNEkHdGGJP/cI2MoIMquumuRK6ol3QQJNDxmw=
 github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.20.2 h1:tbp628ireGtzcHDDmLT/6ADHidqnwgF57XOXZe6tp4Q=
 github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.20.2/go.mod h1:krry+ya/rV9RDcV/Q16kpu6ypI4K2czasz0NC3qS14E=
+github.com/beorn7/perks v0.0.0-20180321164747-3a771d992973/go.mod h1:Dwedo/Wpr24TaqPxmxbtue+5NUziq4I4S80YR8gNf3Q=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6rlkpw=
+github.com/bradfitz/go-smtpd v0.0.0-20170404230938-deb6d6237625/go.mod h1:HYsPBTaaSFSlLx/70C2HPIMNZpVV8+vt/A+FMnYP11g=
+github.com/buger/jsonparser v0.0.0-20181115193947-bf1c66bbce23/go.mod h1:bbYlZJ7hK1yFx9hf58LP0zeX7UjIGs20ufpu3evjr+s=
 github.com/caddyserver/certmagic v0.21.3 h1:pqRRry3yuB4CWBVq9+cUqu+Y6E2z8TswbhNx1AZeYm0=
 github.com/caddyserver/certmagic v0.21.3/go.mod h1:Zq6pklO9nVRl3DIFUw9gVUfXKdpc/0qwTUAQMBlfgtI=
 github.com/caddyserver/zerossl v0.1.3 h1:onS+pxp3M8HnHpN5MMbOMyNjmTheJyWRaZYwn+YTAyA=
@@ -93,11 +106,13 @@ github.com/chzyer/readline v1.5.1/go.mod h1:Eh+b79XXUwfKfcPLepksvw2tcLE/Ct21YObk
 github.com/chzyer/test v0.0.0-20180213035817-a1ea475d72b1/go.mod h1:Q3SI9o4m/ZMnBNeIyt5eFwwo7qiLfzFZmjNmxjkiQlU=
 github.com/chzyer/test v1.0.0 h1:p3BQDXSxOhOG0P9z6/hGnII4LGiEPOYBhs8asl/fC04=
 github.com/chzyer/test v1.0.0/go.mod h1:2JlltgoNkt4TW/z9V/IzDdFaMTM2JPIi26O1pF38GC8=
+github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4/go.mod h1:qj6jICC3Q7zFZvVWo7KLAzC3yx5G7kyvSDkc90ppPyw=
 github.com/cockroachdb/apd v1.1.0 h1:3LFP3629v+1aKXU5Q37mxmRxX/pIu1nijXydLShEq5I=
 github.com/cockroachdb/apd v1.1.0/go.mod h1:8Sl8LxpKi29FqWXR16WEFZRNSz3SoPzUzeMeY4+DwBQ=
 github.com/coreos/etcd v3.3.10+incompatible/go.mod h1:uF7uidLiAD3TWHmW31ZFd/JWoc32PjwdhPthX9715RE=
 github.com/coreos/go-etcd v2.0.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:Jez6KQU2B/sWsbdaef3ED8NzMklzPG4d5KIOhIy30Tk=
 github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.2.0/go.mod h1:nnelYz7RCh+5ahJtPPxZlU+153eP4D4r3EedlOD2RNk=
+github.com/coreos/go-systemd v0.0.0-20181012123002-c6f51f82210d/go.mod h1:F5haX7vjVVG0kc13fIWeqUViNPyEJxv/OmvnBo0Yme4=
 github.com/coreos/go-systemd v0.0.0-20190321100706-95778dfbb74e/go.mod h1:F5haX7vjVVG0kc13fIWeqUViNPyEJxv/OmvnBo0Yme4=
 github.com/coreos/go-systemd v0.0.0-20190719114852-fd7a80b32e1f/go.mod h1:F5haX7vjVVG0kc13fIWeqUViNPyEJxv/OmvnBo0Yme4=
 github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man v1.0.10/go.mod h1:SmD6nW6nTyfqj6ABTjUi3V3JVMnlJmwcJI5acqYI6dE=
@@ -128,11 +143,17 @@ github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 h1:GzkhY7T5VNhEkwH0PVJgjz+fX1rhBrR7pRT3mDkp
 github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1/go.mod h1:Mu1zIs6XwVuF/gI1OepvI0qD18qycQx+mFykh5fBlto=
 github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 h1:NFTV2Zj1bL4mc9sqWACXbQFVBBg2W3GPvqp8/ESS2Wg=
 github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4/go.mod h1:m8KPJKqk1gH5J9DgRY2ASl2lWCfGKXixSwevea8zH2U=
+github.com/flynn/go-shlex v0.0.0-20150515145356-3f9db97f8568/go.mod h1:xEzjJPgXI435gkrCt3MPfRiAkVrwSbHsst4LCFVfpJc=
+github.com/francoispqt/gojay v1.2.13 h1:d2m3sFjloqoIUQU3TsHBgj6qg/BVGlTBeHDUmyJnXKk=
+github.com/francoispqt/gojay v1.2.13/go.mod h1:ehT5mTG4ua4581f1++1WLG0vPdaA9HaiDsoyrBGkyDY=
 github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.4.7/go.mod h1:jwhsz4b93w/PPRr/qN1Yymfu8t87LnFCMoQvtojpjFo=
 github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.6.0 h1:sU6J2usfADwWlYDAFhZBQ6TnLFBHxgesMrQfQgk1tWA=
 github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.6.0/go.mod h1:pxXPTn3joSm21Gbwsv0w9OSA2y1HFR9qXEeXQVeNoDQ=
+github.com/ghodss/yaml v1.0.0/go.mod h1:4dBDuWmgqj2HViK6kFavaiC9ZROes6MMH2rRYeMEF04=
+github.com/gliderlabs/ssh v0.1.1/go.mod h1:U7qILu1NlMHj9FlMhZLlkCdDnU1DBEAqr0aevW3Awn0=
 github.com/go-chi/chi/v5 v5.0.12 h1:9euLV5sTrTNTRUU9POmDUvfxyj6LAABLUcEWO+JJb4s=
 github.com/go-chi/chi/v5 v5.0.12/go.mod h1:DslCQbL2OYiznFReuXYUmQ2hGd1aDpCnlMNITLSKoi8=
+github.com/go-errors/errors v1.0.1/go.mod h1:f4zRHt4oKfwPJE5k8C9vpYG+aDHdBFUsgrm6/TyX73Q=
 github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3 v3.0.3 h1:fFKWeig/irsp7XD2zBxvnmA/XaRWp5V3CBsZXJF7G7k=
 github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3 v3.0.3/go.mod h1:5b+7YgP7ZICgJDBdfjZaIt+H/9L9T/YQrVfLAMboGkQ=
 github.com/go-kit/kit v0.4.0/go.mod h1:xBxKIO96dXMWWy0MnWVtmwkA9/13aqxPnvrjFYMA2as=
@@ -158,33 +179,44 @@ github.com/go-task/slim-sprig v0.0.0-20230315185526-52ccab3ef572 h1:tfuBGBXKqDEe
 github.com/go-task/slim-sprig v0.0.0-20230315185526-52ccab3ef572/go.mod h1:9Pwr4B2jHnOSGXyyzV8ROjYa2ojvAY6HCGYYfMoC3Ls=
 github.com/gofrs/uuid v4.0.0+incompatible h1:1SD/1F5pU8p29ybwgQSwpQk+mwdRrXCYuPhW6m+TnJw=
 github.com/gofrs/uuid v4.0.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:b2aQJv3Z4Fp6yNu3cdSllBxTCLRxnplIgP/c0N/04lM=
+github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.1.1/go.mod h1:r8qH/GZQm5c6nD/R0oafs1akxWv10x8SbQlK7atdtwQ=
 github.com/golang/glog v0.0.0-20160126235308-23def4e6c14b/go.mod h1:SBH7ygxi8pfUlaOkMMuAQtPIUF8ecWP5IEl/CR7VP2Q=
 github.com/golang/glog v1.2.0 h1:uCdmnmatrKCgMBlM4rMuJZWOkPDqdbZPnrMXDY4gI68=
 github.com/golang/glog v1.2.0/go.mod h1:6AhwSGph0fcJtXVM/PEHPqZlFeoLxhs7/t5UDAwmO+w=
 github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da h1:oI5xCqsCo564l8iNU+DwB5epxmsaqB+rhGL0m5jtYqE=
 github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da/go.mod h1:cIg4eruTrX1D+g88fzRXU5OdNfaM+9IcxsU14FzY7Hc=
+github.com/golang/lint v0.0.0-20180702182130-06c8688daad7/go.mod h1:tluoj9z5200jBnyusfRPU2LqT6J+DAorxEvtC7LHB+E=
+github.com/golang/mock v1.1.1/go.mod h1:oTYuIxOrZwtPieC+H1uAHpcLFnEyAGVDL/k47Jfbm0A=
+github.com/golang/mock v1.2.0/go.mod h1:oTYuIxOrZwtPieC+H1uAHpcLFnEyAGVDL/k47Jfbm0A=
+github.com/golang/protobuf v1.2.0/go.mod h1:6lQm79b+lXiMfvg/cZm0SGofjICqVBUtrP5yJMmIC1U=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.3.1/go.mod h1:6lQm79b+lXiMfvg/cZm0SGofjICqVBUtrP5yJMmIC1U=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 h1:i7eJL8qZTpSEXOPTxNKhASYpMn+8e5Q6AdndVa1dWek=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4/go.mod h1:lnTiLA8Wa4RWRcIUkrtSVa5nRhsEGBg48fD6rSs7xps=
 github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.3/go.mod h1:/XxbfmMg8lxefKM7IXC3fBNl/7bRcc72aCRzEWrmP2Q=
 github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4 h1:yAGX7huGHXlcLOEtBnF4w7FQwA26wojNCwOYAEhLjQM=
 github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4/go.mod h1:/XxbfmMg8lxefKM7IXC3fBNl/7bRcc72aCRzEWrmP2Q=
+github.com/google/btree v0.0.0-20180813153112-4030bb1f1f0c/go.mod h1:lNA+9X1NB3Zf8V7Ke586lFgjr2dZNuvo3lPJSGZ5JPQ=
 github.com/google/btree v1.1.2 h1:xf4v41cLI2Z6FxbKm+8Bu+m8ifhj15JuZ9sa0jZCMUU=
 github.com/google/btree v1.1.2/go.mod h1:qOPhT0dTNdNzV6Z/lhRX0YXUafgPLFUh+gZMl761Gm4=
-github.com/google/cel-go v0.20.1 h1:nDx9r8S3L4pE61eDdt8igGj8rf5kjYR3ILxWIpWNi84=
-github.com/google/cel-go v0.20.1/go.mod h1:kWcIzTsPX0zmQ+H3TirHstLLf9ep5QTsZBN9u4dOYLg=
+github.com/google/cel-go v0.21.0 h1:cl6uW/gxN+Hy50tNYvI691+sXxioCnstFzLp2WO4GCI=
+github.com/google/cel-go v0.21.0/go.mod h1:rHUlWCcBKgyEk+eV03RPdZUekPp6YcJwV0FxuUksYxc=
 github.com/google/certificate-transparency-go v1.0.21/go.mod h1:QeJfpSbVSfYc7RgB3gJFj9cbuQMMchQxrWXz8Ruopmg=
 github.com/google/certificate-transparency-go v1.1.8-0.20240110162603-74a5dd331745 h1:heyoXNxkRT155x4jTAiSv5BVSVkueifPUm+Q8LUXMRo=
 github.com/google/certificate-transparency-go v1.1.8-0.20240110162603-74a5dd331745/go.mod h1:zN0wUQgV9LjwLZeFHnrAbQi8hzMVvEWePyk+MhPOk7k=
+github.com/google/go-cmp v0.2.0/go.mod h1:oXzfMopK8JAjlY9xF4vHSVASa0yLyX7SntLO5aqRK0M=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 h1:ofyhxvXcZhMsU5ulbFiLKl/XBFqE1GSq7atu8tAmTRI=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
+github.com/google/go-github v17.0.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:zLgOLi98H3fifZn+44m+umXrS52loVEgC2AApnigrVQ=
+github.com/google/go-querystring v1.0.0/go.mod h1:odCYkC5MyYFN7vkCjXpyrEuKhc/BUO6wN/zVPAxq5ck=
 github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.0 h1:sQF6YqWMi+SCXpsmS3fd21oPy/vSddwZry4JnmltHVk=
 github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.0/go.mod h1:FkNVkc6C+IsvDI9Jw1OveJmxGZUUaKxtrpOS47QWKfU=
 github.com/google/go-tpm-tools v0.4.4 h1:oiQfAIkc6xTy9Fl5NKTeTJkBTlXdHsxAofmQyxBKY98=
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@@ -381,6 +459,8 @@ github.com/smallstep/scep v0.0.0-20231024192529-aee96d7ad34d h1:06LUHn4Ia2X6syjI
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@@ -417,9 +497,12 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0 h1:HtqpIVDClZ4nwg75+f6Lvsy/wHu+3BoSGCbBAcpTsT
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@@ -438,6 +521,7 @@ github.com/zeebo/pcg v1.0.1/go.mod h1:09F0S9iiKrwn9rlI5yjLkmrug154/YRW6KnnXVDM/l
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@@ -497,8 +581,12 @@ go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0 h1:aJMhYGrd5QSmlpLMr2MftRKl7t8J8PTZPA732ud/XR8=
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@@ -510,12 +598,16 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210711020723-a769d52b0f97/go.mod h1:GvvjBRRGRdwPK5y
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@@ -523,7 +615,15 @@ golang.org/x/mod v0.6.0-dev.0.20220419223038-86c51ed26bb4/go.mod h1:jJ57K6gSWd91
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@@ -532,20 +632,33 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220722155237-a158d28d115b/go.mod h1:XRhObCWvk6IyKnWLug
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 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180905080454-ebe1bf3edb33/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180909124046-d0be0721c37e/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20181029174526-d69651ed3497/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20181122145206-62eef0e2fa9b/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20181205085412-a5c9d58dba9a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190222072716-a9d3bda3a223/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190316082340-a2f829d7f35f/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190403152447-81d4e9dc473e/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190422165155-953cdadca894/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
@@ -567,8 +680,8 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.5.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.8.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.17.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0 h1:Od9JTbYCk261bKm4M/mw7AklTlFYIa0bIp9BgSm1S8Y=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.23.0 h1:YfKFowiIMvtgl1UERQoTPPToxltDeZfbj4H7dVUCwmM=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.23.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201117132131-f5c789dd3221/go.mod h1:Nr5EML6q2oocZ2LXRh80K7BxOlk5/8JxuGnuhpl+muw=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
@@ -576,9 +689,10 @@ golang.org/x/term v0.2.0/go.mod h1:TVmDHMZPmdnySmBfhjOoOdhjzdE1h4u1VwSiw2l1Nuc=
 golang.org/x/term v0.5.0/go.mod h1:jMB1sMXY+tzblOD4FWmEbocvup2/aLOaQEp7JmGp78k=
 golang.org/x/term v0.8.0/go.mod h1:xPskH00ivmX89bAKVGSKKtLOWNx2+17Eiy94tnKShWo=
 golang.org/x/term v0.17.0/go.mod h1:lLRBjIVuehSbZlaOtGMbcMncT+aqLLLmKrsjNrUguwk=
-golang.org/x/term v0.20.0 h1:VnkxpohqXaOBYJtBmEppKUG6mXpi+4O6purfc2+sMhw=
-golang.org/x/term v0.20.0/go.mod h1:8UkIAJTvZgivsXaD6/pH6U9ecQzZ45awqEOzuCvwpFY=
+golang.org/x/term v0.23.0 h1:F6D4vR+EHoL9/sWAWgAR1H2DcHr4PareCbAaCo1RpuU=
+golang.org/x/term v0.23.0/go.mod h1:DgV24QBUrK6jhZXl+20l6UWznPlwAHm1Q1mGHtydmSk=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
+golang.org/x/text v0.3.1-0.20180807135948-17ff2d5776d2/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.2/go.mod h1:bEr9sfX3Q8Zfm5fL9x+3itogRgK3+ptLWKqgva+5dAk=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.4/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
@@ -588,11 +702,17 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.4.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
 golang.org/x/text v0.7.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
 golang.org/x/text v0.9.0/go.mod h1:e1OnstbJyHTd6l/uOt8jFFHp6TRDWZR/bV3emEE/zU8=
 golang.org/x/text v0.14.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
-golang.org/x/text v0.15.0 h1:h1V/4gjBv8v9cjcR6+AR5+/cIYK5N/WAgiv4xlsEtAk=
-golang.org/x/text v0.15.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
+golang.org/x/text v0.17.0 h1:XtiM5bkSOt+ewxlOE/aE/AKEHibwj/6gvWMl9Rsh0Qc=
+golang.org/x/text v0.17.0/go.mod h1:BuEKDfySbSR4drPmRPG/7iBdf8hvFMuRexcpahXilzY=
+golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20180412165947-fbb02b2291d2/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
+golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20181108054448-85acf8d2951c/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
 golang.org/x/time v0.5.0 h1:o7cqy6amK/52YcAKIPlM3a+Fpj35zvRj2TP+e1xFSfk=
 golang.org/x/time v0.5.0/go.mod h1:3BpzKBy/shNhVucY/MWOyx10tF3SFh9QdLuxbVysPQM=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180828015842-6cd1fcedba52/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20181030000716-a0a13e073c7b/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190114222345-bf090417da8b/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190226205152-f727befe758c/go.mod h1:9Yl7xja0Znq3iFh3HoIrodX9oNMXvdceNzlUR8zjMvY=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190311212946-11955173bddd/go.mod h1:LCzVGOaR6xXOjkQ3onu1FJEFr0SW1gC7cKk1uF8kGRs=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190425163242-31fd60d6bfdc/go.mod h1:RgjU9mgBXZiqYHBnxXauZ1Gv1EHHAz9KjViQ78xBX0Q=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190621195816-6e04913cbbac/go.mod h1:/rFqwRUd4F7ZHNgwSSTFct+R/Kf4OFW1sUzUTQQTgfc=
@@ -603,21 +723,37 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtn
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200103221440-774c71fcf114/go.mod h1:TB2adYChydJhpapKDTa4BR/hXlZSLoq2Wpct/0txZ28=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.1.12/go.mod h1:hNGJHUnrk76NpqgfD5Aqm5Crs+Hm0VOH/i9J2+nxYbc=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Xwgl3UAJ/d3gWutnCtw505GrjyAbvKui8lOU390QaIU=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.21.0 h1:qc0xYgIbsSDt9EyWz05J5wfa7LOVW0YTLOXrqdLAWIw=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.21.0/go.mod h1:aiJjzUbINMkxbQROHiO6hDPo2LHcIPhhQsa9DLh0yGk=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.21.1-0.20240508182429-e35e4ccd0d2d h1:vU5i/LfpvrRCpgM/VPfJLg5KjxD3E+hfT1SH+d9zLwg=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.21.1-0.20240508182429-e35e4ccd0d2d/go.mod h1:aiJjzUbINMkxbQROHiO6hDPo2LHcIPhhQsa9DLh0yGk=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190410155217-1f06c39b4373/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190513163551-3ee3066db522/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
+google.golang.org/api v0.0.0-20180910000450-7ca32eb868bf/go.mod h1:4mhQ8q/RsB7i+udVvVy5NUi08OU8ZlA0gRVgrF7VFY0=
+google.golang.org/api v0.0.0-20181030000543-1d582fd0359e/go.mod h1:4mhQ8q/RsB7i+udVvVy5NUi08OU8ZlA0gRVgrF7VFY0=
+google.golang.org/api v0.1.0/go.mod h1:UGEZY7KEX120AnNLIHFMKIo4obdJhkp2tPbaPlQx13Y=
 google.golang.org/api v0.180.0 h1:M2D87Yo0rGBPWpo1orwfCLehUUL6E7/TYe5gvMQWDh4=
 google.golang.org/api v0.180.0/go.mod h1:51AiyoEg1MJPSZ9zvklA8VnRILPXxn1iVen9v25XHAE=
+google.golang.org/appengine v1.1.0/go.mod h1:EbEs0AVv82hx2wNQdGPgUI5lhzA/G0D9YwlJXL52JkM=
+google.golang.org/appengine v1.2.0/go.mod h1:xpcJRLb0r/rnEns0DIKYYv+WjYCduHsrkT7/EB5XEv4=
+google.golang.org/appengine v1.3.0/go.mod h1:xpcJRLb0r/rnEns0DIKYYv+WjYCduHsrkT7/EB5XEv4=
+google.golang.org/appengine v1.4.0/go.mod h1:xpcJRLb0r/rnEns0DIKYYv+WjYCduHsrkT7/EB5XEv4=
+google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20180817151627-c66870c02cf8/go.mod h1:JiN7NxoALGmiZfu7CAH4rXhgtRTLTxftemlI0sWmxmc=
+google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20180831171423-11092d34479b/go.mod h1:JiN7NxoALGmiZfu7CAH4rXhgtRTLTxftemlI0sWmxmc=
+google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20181029155118-b69ba1387ce2/go.mod h1:JiN7NxoALGmiZfu7CAH4rXhgtRTLTxftemlI0sWmxmc=
+google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20181202183823-bd91e49a0898/go.mod h1:7Ep/1NZk928CDR8SjdVbjWNpdIf6nzjE3BTgJDr2Atg=
+google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20190306203927-b5d61aea6440/go.mod h1:VzzqZJRnGkLBvHegQrXjBqPurQTc5/KpmUdxsrq26oE=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20240401170217-c3f982113cda h1:wu/KJm9KJwpfHWhkkZGohVC6KRrc1oJNr4jwtQMOQXw=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20240401170217-c3f982113cda/go.mod h1:g2LLCvCeCSir/JJSWosk19BR4NVxGqHUC6rxIRsd7Aw=
 google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240506185236-b8a5c65736ae h1:AH34z6WAGVNkllnKs5raNq3yRq93VnjBG6rpfub/jYk=
 google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240506185236-b8a5c65736ae/go.mod h1:FfiGhwUm6CJviekPrc0oJ+7h29e+DmWU6UtjX0ZvI7Y=
 google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240429193739-8cf5692501f6 h1:DujSIu+2tC9Ht0aPNA7jgj23Iq8Ewi5sgkQ++wdvonE=
 google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240429193739-8cf5692501f6/go.mod h1:WtryC6hu0hhx87FDGxWCDptyssuo68sk10vYjF+T9fY=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.14.0/go.mod h1:yo6s7OP7yaDglbqo1J04qKzAhqBH6lvTonzMVmEdcZw=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.16.0/go.mod h1:0JHn/cJsOMiMfNA9+DeHDlAU7KAAB5GDlYFpa9MZMio=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.17.0/go.mod h1:6QZJwpn2B+Zp71q/5VxRsJ6NXXVCE5NRUHRo+f3cWCs=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.19.0/go.mod h1:mqu4LbDTu4XGKhr4mRzUsmM4RtVoemTSY81AxZiDr8c=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.63.2 h1:MUeiw1B2maTVZthpU5xvASfTh3LDbxHd6IJ6QQVU+xM=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.63.2/go.mod h1:WAX/8DgncnokcFUldAxq7GeB5DXHDbMF+lLvDomNkRA=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.1 h1:9ddQBjfCyZPOHPUiPxpYESBLc+T8P3E+Vo4IbKZgFWg=
@@ -629,9 +765,11 @@ gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c h1:Hei/4ADfdWqJk1ZMxUNpqntN
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c/go.mod h1:JHkPIbrfpd72SG/EVd6muEfDQjcINNoR0C8j2r3qZ4Q=
 gopkg.in/errgo.v2 v2.1.0/go.mod h1:hNsd1EY+bozCKY1Ytp96fpM3vjJbqLJn88ws8XvfDNI=
 gopkg.in/inconshreveable/log15.v2 v2.0.0-20180818164646-67afb5ed74ec/go.mod h1:aPpfJ7XW+gOuirDoZ8gHhLh3kZ1B08FtV2bbmy7Jv3s=
+gopkg.in/inf.v0 v0.9.1/go.mod h1:cWUDdTG/fYaXco+Dcufb5Vnc6Gp2YChqWtbxRZE0mXw=
 gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.2.1 h1:bBRl1b0OH9s/DuPhuXpNl+VtCaJXFZ5/uEFST95x9zc=
 gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.2.1/go.mod h1:YD8tP3GAjkrDg1eZH7EGmyESg/lsYskCTPBJVb9jqSc=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v1 v1.0.0-20140924161607-9f9df34309c0/go.mod h1:WDnlLJ4WF5VGsH/HVa3CI79GS0ol3YnhVnKP89i0kNg=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.1/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 h1:D8xgwECY7CYvx+Y2n4sBz93Jn9JRvxdiyyo8CTfuKaY=
@@ -639,6 +777,12 @@ gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0/go.mod h1:RDklbk79AGWmwhnvt/jBztapEOGDOx6ZbXqjP6csGnQ=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
+grpc.go4.org v0.0.0-20170609214715-11d0a25b4919/go.mod h1:77eQGdRu53HpSqPFJFmuJdjuHRquDANNeA4x7B8WQ9o=
+honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20180728063816-88497007e858/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
+honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190102054323-c2f93a96b099/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
+honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190106161140-3f1c8253044a/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.1-2019.2.3/go.mod h1:a3bituU0lyd329TUQxRnasdCoJDkEUEAqEt0JzvZhAg=
 howett.net/plist v1.0.0 h1:7CrbWYbPPO/PyNy38b2EB/+gYbjCe2DXBxgtOOZbSQM=
 howett.net/plist v1.0.0/go.mod h1:lqaXoTrLY4hg8tnEzNru53gicrbv7rrk+2xJA/7hw9g=
+sourcegraph.com/sourcegraph/go-diff v0.5.0/go.mod h1:kuch7UrkMzY0X+p9CRK03kfuPQ2zzQcaEFbx8wA8rck=
+sourcegraph.com/sqs/pbtypes v0.0.0-20180604144634-d3ebe8f20ae4/go.mod h1:ketZ/q3QxT9HOBeFhu6RdvsftgpsbFHBF5Cas6cDKZ0=

internal/ranges.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package internal
+
+// PrivateRangesCIDR returns a list of private CIDR range
+// strings, which can be used as a configuration shortcut.
+func PrivateRangesCIDR() []string {
+	return []string{
+		"192.168.0.0/16",
+		"172.16.0.0/12",
+		"10.0.0.0/8",
+		"127.0.0.1/8",
+		"fd00::/8",
+		"::1",
+	}
+}

listen.go

@@ -18,7 +18,11 @@ package caddy
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"net"
+	"os"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
@@ -31,10 +35,49 @@ func reuseUnixSocket(network, addr string) (any, error) {
 }
 
 func listenReusable(ctx context.Context, lnKey string, network, address string, config net.ListenConfig) (any, error) {
-	switch network {
-	case "udp", "udp4", "udp6", "unixgram":
+	var socketFile *os.File
+
+	fd := slices.Contains([]string{"fd", "fdgram"}, network)
+	if fd {
+		socketFd, err := strconv.ParseUint(address, 0, strconv.IntSize)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid file descriptor: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		func() {
+			socketFilesMu.Lock()
+			defer socketFilesMu.Unlock()
+
+			socketFdWide := uintptr(socketFd)
+			var ok bool
+
+			socketFile, ok = socketFiles[socketFdWide]
+
+			if !ok {
+				socketFile = os.NewFile(socketFdWide, lnKey)
+				if socketFile != nil {
+					socketFiles[socketFdWide] = socketFile
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+
+		if socketFile == nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid socket file descriptor: %d", socketFd)
+		}
+	}
+
+	datagram := slices.Contains([]string{"udp", "udp4", "udp6", "unixgram", "fdgram"}, network)
+	if datagram {
 		sharedPc, _, err := listenerPool.LoadOrNew(lnKey, func() (Destructor, error) {
-			pc, err := config.ListenPacket(ctx, network, address)
+			var (
+				pc  net.PacketConn
+				err error
+			)
+			if fd {
+				pc, err = net.FilePacketConn(socketFile)
+			} else {
+				pc, err = config.ListenPacket(ctx, network, address)
+			}
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
@@ -44,20 +87,27 @@ func listenReusable(ctx context.Context, lnKey string, network, address string,
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		return &fakeClosePacketConn{sharedPacketConn: sharedPc.(*sharedPacketConn)}, nil
+	}
 
-	default:
-		sharedLn, _, err := listenerPool.LoadOrNew(lnKey, func() (Destructor, error) {
-			ln, err := config.Listen(ctx, network, address)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			return &sharedListener{Listener: ln, key: lnKey}, nil
-		})
+	sharedLn, _, err := listenerPool.LoadOrNew(lnKey, func() (Destructor, error) {
+		var (
+			ln  net.Listener
+			err error
+		)
+		if fd {
+			ln, err = net.FileListener(socketFile)
+		} else {
+			ln, err = config.Listen(ctx, network, address)
+		}
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		return &fakeCloseListener{sharedListener: sharedLn.(*sharedListener), keepAlivePeriod: config.KeepAlive}, nil
+		return &sharedListener{Listener: ln, key: lnKey}, nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
+	return &fakeCloseListener{sharedListener: sharedLn.(*sharedListener), keepAlivePeriod: config.KeepAlive}, nil
 }
 
 // fakeCloseListener is a private wrapper over a listener that
@@ -260,3 +310,9 @@ var (
 		Unwrap() net.PacketConn
 	}) = (*fakeClosePacketConn)(nil)
 )
+
+// socketFiles is a fd -> *os.File map used to make a FileListener/FilePacketConn from a socket file descriptor.
+var socketFiles = map[uintptr]*os.File{}
+
+// socketFilesMu synchronizes socketFiles insertions
+var socketFilesMu sync.Mutex

listen_unix.go

@@ -22,10 +22,14 @@ package caddy
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"io/fs"
 	"net"
 	"os"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"syscall"
 
@@ -34,12 +38,9 @@ import (
 )
 
 // reuseUnixSocket copies and reuses the unix domain socket (UDS) if we already
-// have it open; if not, unlink it so we can have it. No-op if not a unix network.
+// have it open; if not, unlink it so we can have it.
+// No-op if not a unix network.
 func reuseUnixSocket(network, addr string) (any, error) {
-	if !IsUnixNetwork(network) {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-
 	socketKey := listenerKey(network, addr)
 
 	socket, exists := unixSockets[socketKey]
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ func reuseUnixSocket(network, addr string) (any, error) {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 			atomic.AddInt32(unixSocket.count, 1)
-			unixSockets[socketKey] = &unixConn{pc.(*net.UnixConn), addr, socketKey, unixSocket.count}
+			unixSockets[socketKey] = &unixConn{pc.(*net.UnixConn), socketKey, unixSocket.count}
 		}
 
 		return unixSockets[socketKey], nil
@@ -89,56 +90,107 @@ func reuseUnixSocket(network, addr string) (any, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
+// listenReusable creates a new listener for the given network and address, and adds it to listenerPool.
 func listenReusable(ctx context.Context, lnKey string, network, address string, config net.ListenConfig) (any, error) {
-	// wrap any Control function set by the user so we can also add our reusePort control without clobbering theirs
-	oldControl := config.Control
-	config.Control = func(network, address string, c syscall.RawConn) error {
-		if oldControl != nil {
-			if err := oldControl(network, address, c); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-		return reusePort(network, address, c)
-	}
-
 	// even though SO_REUSEPORT lets us bind the socket multiple times,
 	// we still put it in the listenerPool so we can count how many
 	// configs are using this socket; necessary to ensure we can know
 	// whether to enforce shutdown delays, for example (see #5393).
-	var ln io.Closer
-	var err error
-	switch network {
-	case "udp", "udp4", "udp6", "unixgram":
-		ln, err = config.ListenPacket(ctx, network, address)
-	default:
-		ln, err = config.Listen(ctx, network, address)
+	var (
+		ln         io.Closer
+		err        error
+		socketFile *os.File
+	)
+
+	fd := slices.Contains([]string{"fd", "fdgram"}, network)
+	if fd {
+		socketFd, err := strconv.ParseUint(address, 0, strconv.IntSize)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid file descriptor: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		func() {
+			socketFilesMu.Lock()
+			defer socketFilesMu.Unlock()
+
+			socketFdWide := uintptr(socketFd)
+			var ok bool
+
+			socketFile, ok = socketFiles[socketFdWide]
+
+			if !ok {
+				socketFile = os.NewFile(socketFdWide, lnKey)
+				if socketFile != nil {
+					socketFiles[socketFdWide] = socketFile
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+
+		if socketFile == nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid socket file descriptor: %d", socketFd)
+		}
+	} else {
+		// wrap any Control function set by the user so we can also add our reusePort control without clobbering theirs
+		oldControl := config.Control
+		config.Control = func(network, address string, c syscall.RawConn) error {
+			if oldControl != nil {
+				if err := oldControl(network, address, c); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+			return reusePort(network, address, c)
+		}
 	}
+
+	datagram := slices.Contains([]string{"udp", "udp4", "udp6", "unixgram", "fdgram"}, network)
+	if datagram {
+		if fd {
+			ln, err = net.FilePacketConn(socketFile)
+		} else {
+			ln, err = config.ListenPacket(ctx, network, address)
+		}
+	} else {
+		if fd {
+			ln, err = net.FileListener(socketFile)
+		} else {
+			ln, err = config.Listen(ctx, network, address)
+		}
+	}
+
 	if err == nil {
 		listenerPool.LoadOrStore(lnKey, nil)
 	}
 
-	// if new listener is a unix socket, make sure we can reuse it later
-	// (we do our own "unlink on close" -- not required, but more tidy)
-	one := int32(1)
-	if unix, ok := ln.(*net.UnixListener); ok {
-		unix.SetUnlinkOnClose(false)
-		ln = &unixListener{unix, lnKey, &one}
-		unixSockets[lnKey] = ln.(*unixListener)
-	}
-
-	// TODO: Not 100% sure this is necessary, but we do this for net.UnixListener in listen_unix.go, so...
-	if unix, ok := ln.(*net.UnixConn); ok {
-		ln = &unixConn{unix, address, lnKey, &one}
-		unixSockets[lnKey] = ln.(*unixConn)
-	}
-
-	// lightly wrap the listener so that when it is closed,
-	// we can decrement the usage pool counter
-	switch specificLn := ln.(type) {
-	case net.Listener:
-		return deleteListener{specificLn, lnKey}, err
-	case net.PacketConn:
-		return deletePacketConn{specificLn, lnKey}, err
+	if datagram {
+		if !fd {
+			// TODO: Not 100% sure this is necessary, but we do this for net.UnixListener, so...
+			if unix, ok := ln.(*net.UnixConn); ok {
+				one := int32(1)
+				ln = &unixConn{unix, lnKey, &one}
+				unixSockets[lnKey] = ln.(*unixConn)
+			}
+		}
+		// lightly wrap the connection so that when it is closed,
+		// we can decrement the usage pool counter
+		if specificLn, ok := ln.(net.PacketConn); ok {
+			ln = deletePacketConn{specificLn, lnKey}
+		}
+	} else {
+		if !fd {
+			// if new listener is a unix socket, make sure we can reuse it later
+			// (we do our own "unlink on close" -- not required, but more tidy)
+			if unix, ok := ln.(*net.UnixListener); ok {
+				unix.SetUnlinkOnClose(false)
+				one := int32(1)
+				ln = &unixListener{unix, lnKey, &one}
+				unixSockets[lnKey] = ln.(*unixListener)
+			}
+		}
+		// lightly wrap the listener so that when it is closed,
+		// we can decrement the usage pool counter
+		if specificLn, ok := ln.(net.Listener); ok {
+			ln = deleteListener{specificLn, lnKey}
+		}
 	}
 
 	// other types, I guess we just return them directly
@@ -170,12 +222,18 @@ type unixListener struct {
 func (uln *unixListener) Close() error {
 	newCount := atomic.AddInt32(uln.count, -1)
 	if newCount == 0 {
+		file, err := uln.File()
+		var name string
+		if err == nil {
+			name = file.Name()
+		}
 		defer func() {
-			addr := uln.Addr().String()
 			unixSocketsMu.Lock()
 			delete(unixSockets, uln.mapKey)
 			unixSocketsMu.Unlock()
-			_ = syscall.Unlink(addr)
+			if err == nil {
+				_ = syscall.Unlink(name)
+			}
 		}()
 	}
 	return uln.UnixListener.Close()
@@ -183,19 +241,25 @@ func (uln *unixListener) Close() error {
 
 type unixConn struct {
 	*net.UnixConn
-	filename string
-	mapKey   string
-	count    *int32 // accessed atomically
+	mapKey string
+	count  *int32 // accessed atomically
 }
 
 func (uc *unixConn) Close() error {
 	newCount := atomic.AddInt32(uc.count, -1)
 	if newCount == 0 {
+		file, err := uc.File()
+		var name string
+		if err == nil {
+			name = file.Name()
+		}
 		defer func() {
 			unixSocketsMu.Lock()
 			delete(unixSockets, uc.mapKey)
 			unixSocketsMu.Unlock()
-			_ = syscall.Unlink(uc.filename)
+			if err == nil {
+				_ = syscall.Unlink(name)
+			}
 		}()
 	}
 	return uc.UnixConn.Close()
@@ -211,6 +275,12 @@ var unixSockets = make(map[string]interface {
 	File() (*os.File, error)
 })
 
+// socketFiles is a fd -> *os.File map used to make a FileListener/FilePacketConn from a socket file descriptor.
+var socketFiles = map[uintptr]*os.File{}
+
+// socketFilesMu synchronizes socketFiles insertions
+var socketFilesMu sync.Mutex
+
 // deleteListener is a type that simply deletes itself
 // from the listenerPool when it closes. It is used
 // solely for the purpose of reference counting (i.e.

listeners.go

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/quic-go/quic-go"
 	"github.com/quic-go/quic-go/http3"
+	"github.com/quic-go/quic-go/qlog"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"golang.org/x/time/rate"
 
@@ -57,11 +58,9 @@ type NetworkAddress struct {
 	EndPort   uint
 }
 
-// ListenAll calls Listen() for all addresses represented by this struct, i.e. all ports in the range.
+// ListenAll calls Listen for all addresses represented by this struct, i.e. all ports in the range.
 // (If the address doesn't use ports or has 1 port only, then only 1 listener will be created.)
 // It returns an error if any listener failed to bind, and closes any listeners opened up to that point.
-//
-// TODO: Experimental API: subject to change or removal.
 func (na NetworkAddress) ListenAll(ctx context.Context, config net.ListenConfig) ([]any, error) {
 	var listeners []any
 	var err error
@@ -107,7 +106,8 @@ func (na NetworkAddress) ListenAll(ctx context.Context, config net.ListenConfig)
 // portOffset to the start port. (For network types that do not use ports, the
 // portOffset is ignored.)
 //
-// The provided ListenConfig is used to create the listener. Its Control function,
+// First Listen checks if a plugin can provide a listener from this address. Otherwise,
+// the provided ListenConfig is used to create the listener. Its Control function,
 // if set, may be wrapped by an internally-used Control function. The provided
 // context may be used to cancel long operations early. The context is not used
 // to close the listener after it has been created.
@@ -130,8 +130,8 @@ func (na NetworkAddress) ListenAll(ctx context.Context, config net.ListenConfig)
 // Unix sockets will be unlinked before being created, to ensure we can bind to
 // it even if the previous program using it exited uncleanly; it will also be
 // unlinked upon a graceful exit (or when a new config does not use that socket).
-//
-// TODO: Experimental API: subject to change or removal.
+// Listen synchronizes binds to unix domain sockets to avoid race conditions
+// while an existing socket is unlinked.
 func (na NetworkAddress) Listen(ctx context.Context, portOffset uint, config net.ListenConfig) (any, error) {
 	if na.IsUnixNetwork() {
 		unixSocketsMu.Lock()
@@ -149,54 +149,53 @@ func (na NetworkAddress) Listen(ctx context.Context, portOffset uint, config net
 
 func (na NetworkAddress) listen(ctx context.Context, portOffset uint, config net.ListenConfig) (any, error) {
 	var (
-		ln                   any
-		err                  error
-		address              string
-		unixFileMode         fs.FileMode
-		isAbstractUnixSocket bool
+		ln           any
+		err          error
+		address      string
+		unixFileMode fs.FileMode
 	)
 
 	// split unix socket addr early so lnKey
 	// is independent of permissions bits
 	if na.IsUnixNetwork() {
-		var err error
 		address, unixFileMode, err = internal.SplitUnixSocketPermissionsBits(na.Host)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		isAbstractUnixSocket = strings.HasPrefix(address, "@")
+	} else if na.IsFdNetwork() {
+		address = na.Host
 	} else {
 		address = na.JoinHostPort(portOffset)
 	}
 
-	// if this is a unix socket, see if we already have it open,
-	// force socket permissions on it and return early
-	if socket, err := reuseUnixSocket(na.Network, address); socket != nil || err != nil {
-		if !isAbstractUnixSocket {
-			if err := os.Chmod(address, unixFileMode); err != nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to set permissions (%s) on %s: %v", unixFileMode, address, err)
-			}
-		}
-		return socket, err
-	}
-
-	lnKey := listenerKey(na.Network, address)
-
 	if strings.HasPrefix(na.Network, "ip") {
 		ln, err = config.ListenPacket(ctx, na.Network, address)
 	} else {
-		ln, err = listenReusable(ctx, lnKey, na.Network, address, config)
+		if na.IsUnixNetwork() {
+			// if this is a unix socket, see if we already have it open
+			ln, err = reuseUnixSocket(na.Network, address)
+		}
+
+		if ln == nil && err == nil {
+			// otherwise, create a new listener
+			lnKey := listenerKey(na.Network, address)
+			ln, err = listenReusable(ctx, lnKey, na.Network, address, config)
+		}
 	}
+
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+
 	if ln == nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported network type: %s", na.Network)
 	}
 
 	if IsUnixNetwork(na.Network) {
+		isAbstractUnixSocket := strings.HasPrefix(address, "@")
 		if !isAbstractUnixSocket {
-			if err := os.Chmod(address, unixFileMode); err != nil {
+			err = os.Chmod(address, unixFileMode)
+			if err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to set permissions (%s) on %s: %v", unixFileMode, address, err)
 			}
 		}
@@ -211,18 +210,22 @@ func (na NetworkAddress) IsUnixNetwork() bool {
 	return IsUnixNetwork(na.Network)
 }
 
+// IsUnixNetwork returns true if na.Network is
+// fd or fdgram.
+func (na NetworkAddress) IsFdNetwork() bool {
+	return IsFdNetwork(na.Network)
+}
+
 // JoinHostPort is like net.JoinHostPort, but where the port
 // is StartPort + offset.
 func (na NetworkAddress) JoinHostPort(offset uint) string {
-	if na.IsUnixNetwork() {
+	if na.IsUnixNetwork() || na.IsFdNetwork() {
 		return na.Host
 	}
-	return net.JoinHostPort(na.Host, strconv.Itoa(int(na.StartPort+offset)))
+	return net.JoinHostPort(na.Host, strconv.FormatUint(uint64(na.StartPort+offset), 10))
 }
 
 // Expand returns one NetworkAddress for each port in the port range.
-//
-// This is EXPERIMENTAL and subject to change or removal.
 func (na NetworkAddress) Expand() []NetworkAddress {
 	size := na.PortRangeSize()
 	addrs := make([]NetworkAddress, size)
@@ -253,7 +256,7 @@ func (na NetworkAddress) PortRangeSize() uint {
 }
 
 func (na NetworkAddress) isLoopback() bool {
-	if na.IsUnixNetwork() {
+	if na.IsUnixNetwork() || na.IsFdNetwork() {
 		return true
 	}
 	if na.Host == "localhost" {
@@ -297,6 +300,30 @@ func IsUnixNetwork(netw string) bool {
 	return strings.HasPrefix(netw, "unix")
 }
 
+// IsFdNetwork returns true if the netw is a fd network.
+func IsFdNetwork(netw string) bool {
+	return strings.HasPrefix(netw, "fd")
+}
+
+// normally we would simply append the port,
+// but if host is IPv6, we need to ensure it
+// is enclosed in [ ]; net.JoinHostPort does
+// this for us, but host might also have a
+// network type in front (e.g. "tcp/") leading
+// to "[tcp/::1]" which causes parsing failures
+// later; what we need is "tcp/[::1]", so we have
+// to split the network and host, then re-combine
+func ParseNetworkAddressFromHostPort(host, port string) (NetworkAddress, error) {
+	network, addr, ok := strings.Cut(host, "/")
+	if !ok {
+		addr = network
+		network = ""
+	}
+	addr = strings.Trim(addr, "[]") // IPv6
+	networkAddr := JoinNetworkAddress(network, addr, port)
+	return ParseNetworkAddress(networkAddr)
+}
+
 // ParseNetworkAddress parses addr into its individual
 // components. The input string is expected to be of
 // the form "network/host:port-range" where any part is
@@ -327,6 +354,12 @@ func ParseNetworkAddressWithDefaults(addr, defaultNetwork string, defaultPort ui
 			Host:    host,
 		}, err
 	}
+	if IsFdNetwork(network) {
+		return NetworkAddress{
+			Network: network,
+			Host:    host,
+		}, nil
+	}
 	var start, end uint64
 	if port == "" {
 		start = uint64(defaultPort)
@@ -367,7 +400,7 @@ func SplitNetworkAddress(a string) (network, host, port string, err error) {
 		network = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(beforeSlash))
 		a = afterSlash
 	}
-	if IsUnixNetwork(network) {
+	if IsUnixNetwork(network) || IsFdNetwork(network) {
 		host = a
 		return
 	}
@@ -398,7 +431,7 @@ func JoinNetworkAddress(network, host, port string) string {
 	if network != "" {
 		a = network + "/"
 	}
-	if (host != "" && port == "") || IsUnixNetwork(network) {
+	if (host != "" && port == "") || IsUnixNetwork(network) || IsFdNetwork(network) {
 		a += host
 	} else if port != "" {
 		a += net.JoinHostPort(host, port)
@@ -406,9 +439,11 @@ func JoinNetworkAddress(network, host, port string) string {
 	return a
 }
 
-// ListenQUIC returns a quic.EarlyListener suitable for use in a Caddy module.
-// The network will be transformed into a QUIC-compatible type (if unix, then
-// unixgram will be used; otherwise, udp will be used).
+// ListenQUIC returns a http3.QUICEarlyListener suitable for use in a Caddy module.
+//
+// The network will be transformed into a QUIC-compatible type if the same address can be used with
+// different networks. Currently this just means that for tcp, udp will be used with the same
+// address instead.
 //
 // NOTE: This API is EXPERIMENTAL and may be changed or removed.
 func (na NetworkAddress) ListenQUIC(ctx context.Context, portOffset uint, config net.ListenConfig, tlsConf *tls.Config) (http3.QUICEarlyListener, error) {
@@ -443,7 +478,13 @@ func (na NetworkAddress) ListenQUIC(ctx context.Context, portOffset uint, config
 			Conn:                h3ln,
 			VerifySourceAddress: func(addr net.Addr) bool { return !limiter.Allow() },
 		}
-		earlyLn, err := tr.ListenEarly(http3.ConfigureTLSConfig(quicTlsConfig), &quic.Config{Allow0RTT: true})
+		earlyLn, err := tr.ListenEarly(
+			http3.ConfigureTLSConfig(quicTlsConfig),
+			&quic.Config{
+				Allow0RTT: true,
+				Tracer:    qlog.DefaultConnectionTracer,
+			},
+		)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -616,7 +657,8 @@ func RegisterNetwork(network string, getListener ListenerFunc) {
 	if network == "tcp" || network == "tcp4" || network == "tcp6" ||
 		network == "udp" || network == "udp4" || network == "udp6" ||
 		network == "unix" || network == "unixpacket" || network == "unixgram" ||
-		strings.HasPrefix("ip:", network) || strings.HasPrefix("ip4:", network) || strings.HasPrefix("ip6:", network) {
+		strings.HasPrefix("ip:", network) || strings.HasPrefix("ip4:", network) || strings.HasPrefix("ip6:", network) ||
+		network == "fd" || network == "fdgram" {
 		panic("network type " + network + " is reserved")
 	}
 

modules/caddyevents/app.go

@@ -124,18 +124,19 @@ func (app *App) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 	app.subscriptions = make(map[string]map[caddy.ModuleID][]Handler)
 
 	for _, sub := range app.Subscriptions {
-		if sub.HandlersRaw != nil {
-			handlersIface, err := ctx.LoadModule(sub, "HandlersRaw")
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("loading event subscriber modules: %v", err)
-			}
-			for _, h := range handlersIface.([]any) {
-				sub.Handlers = append(sub.Handlers, h.(Handler))
-			}
-			if len(sub.Handlers) == 0 {
-				// pointless to bind without any handlers
-				return fmt.Errorf("no handlers defined")
-			}
+		if sub.HandlersRaw == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		handlersIface, err := ctx.LoadModule(sub, "HandlersRaw")
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("loading event subscriber modules: %v", err)
+		}
+		for _, h := range handlersIface.([]any) {
+			sub.Handlers = append(sub.Handlers, h.(Handler))
+		}
+		if len(sub.Handlers) == 0 {
+			// pointless to bind without any handlers
+			return fmt.Errorf("no handlers defined")
 		}
 	}
 

modules/caddyhttp/app.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"fmt"
+	"maps"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
@@ -203,17 +204,75 @@ func (app *App) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 			}
 		}
 
-		// the Go standard library does not let us serve only HTTP/2 using
-		// http.Server; we would probably need to write our own server
-		if !srv.protocol("h1") && (srv.protocol("h2") || srv.protocol("h2c")) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("server %s: cannot enable HTTP/2 or H2C without enabling HTTP/1.1; add h1 to protocols or remove h2/h2c", srvName)
-		}
-
 		// if no protocols configured explicitly, enable all except h2c
 		if len(srv.Protocols) == 0 {
 			srv.Protocols = []string{"h1", "h2", "h3"}
 		}
 
+		srvProtocolsUnique := map[string]struct{}{}
+		for _, srvProtocol := range srv.Protocols {
+			srvProtocolsUnique[srvProtocol] = struct{}{}
+		}
+		_, h1ok := srvProtocolsUnique["h1"]
+		_, h2ok := srvProtocolsUnique["h2"]
+		_, h2cok := srvProtocolsUnique["h2c"]
+
+		// the Go standard library does not let us serve only HTTP/2 using
+		// http.Server; we would probably need to write our own server
+		if !h1ok && (h2ok || h2cok) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("server %s: cannot enable HTTP/2 or H2C without enabling HTTP/1.1; add h1 to protocols or remove h2/h2c", srvName)
+		}
+
+		if srv.ListenProtocols != nil {
+			if len(srv.ListenProtocols) != len(srv.Listen) {
+				return fmt.Errorf("server %s: listener protocols count does not match address count: %d != %d",
+					srvName, len(srv.ListenProtocols), len(srv.Listen))
+			}
+
+			for i, lnProtocols := range srv.ListenProtocols {
+				if lnProtocols != nil {
+					// populate empty listen protocols with server protocols
+					lnProtocolsDefault := false
+					var lnProtocolsInclude []string
+					srvProtocolsInclude := maps.Clone(srvProtocolsUnique)
+
+					// keep existing listener protocols unless they are empty
+					for _, lnProtocol := range lnProtocols {
+						if lnProtocol == "" {
+							lnProtocolsDefault = true
+						} else {
+							lnProtocolsInclude = append(lnProtocolsInclude, lnProtocol)
+							delete(srvProtocolsInclude, lnProtocol)
+						}
+					}
+
+					// append server protocols to listener protocols if any listener protocols were empty
+					if lnProtocolsDefault {
+						for _, srvProtocol := range srv.Protocols {
+							if _, ok := srvProtocolsInclude[srvProtocol]; ok {
+								lnProtocolsInclude = append(lnProtocolsInclude, srvProtocol)
+							}
+						}
+					}
+
+					lnProtocolsIncludeUnique := map[string]struct{}{}
+					for _, lnProtocol := range lnProtocolsInclude {
+						lnProtocolsIncludeUnique[lnProtocol] = struct{}{}
+					}
+					_, h1ok := lnProtocolsIncludeUnique["h1"]
+					_, h2ok := lnProtocolsIncludeUnique["h2"]
+					_, h2cok := lnProtocolsIncludeUnique["h2c"]
+
+					// check if any listener protocols contain h2 or h2c without h1
+					if !h1ok && (h2ok || h2cok) {
+						return fmt.Errorf("server %s, listener %d: cannot enable HTTP/2 or H2C without enabling HTTP/1.1; add h1 to protocols or remove h2/h2c", srvName, i)
+					}
+
+					srv.ListenProtocols[i] = lnProtocolsInclude
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
 		// if not explicitly configured by the user, disallow TLS
 		// client auth bypass (domain fronting) which could
 		// otherwise be exploited by sending an unprotected SNI
@@ -344,7 +403,7 @@ func (app *App) Validate() error {
 			// check that every address in the port range is unique to this server;
 			// we do not use <= here because PortRangeSize() adds 1 to EndPort for us
 			for i := uint(0); i < listenAddr.PortRangeSize(); i++ {
-				addr := caddy.JoinNetworkAddress(listenAddr.Network, listenAddr.Host, strconv.Itoa(int(listenAddr.StartPort+i)))
+				addr := caddy.JoinNetworkAddress(listenAddr.Network, listenAddr.Host, strconv.FormatUint(uint64(listenAddr.StartPort+i), 10))
 				if sn, ok := lnAddrs[addr]; ok {
 					return fmt.Errorf("server %s: listener address repeated: %s (already claimed by server '%s')", srvName, addr, sn)
 				}
@@ -422,99 +481,118 @@ func (app *App) Start() error {
 			srv.server.Handler = h2c.NewHandler(srv, h2server)
 		}
 
-		for _, lnAddr := range srv.Listen {
+		for lnIndex, lnAddr := range srv.Listen {
 			listenAddr, err := caddy.ParseNetworkAddress(lnAddr)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("%s: parsing listen address '%s': %v", srvName, lnAddr, err)
 			}
+
 			srv.addresses = append(srv.addresses, listenAddr)
 
-			for portOffset := uint(0); portOffset < listenAddr.PortRangeSize(); portOffset++ {
-				// create the listener for this socket
-				hostport := listenAddr.JoinHostPort(portOffset)
-				lnAny, err := listenAddr.Listen(app.ctx, portOffset, net.ListenConfig{KeepAlive: time.Duration(srv.KeepAliveInterval)})
-				if err != nil {
-					return fmt.Errorf("listening on %s: %v", listenAddr.At(portOffset), err)
-				}
-				ln := lnAny.(net.Listener)
+			protocols := srv.Protocols
+			if srv.ListenProtocols != nil && srv.ListenProtocols[lnIndex] != nil {
+				protocols = srv.ListenProtocols[lnIndex]
+			}
 
-				// wrap listener before TLS (up to the TLS placeholder wrapper)
-				var lnWrapperIdx int
-				for i, lnWrapper := range srv.listenerWrappers {
-					if _, ok := lnWrapper.(*tlsPlaceholderWrapper); ok {
-						lnWrapperIdx = i + 1 // mark the next wrapper's spot
-						break
-					}
-					ln = lnWrapper.WrapListener(ln)
-				}
+			protocolsUnique := map[string]struct{}{}
+			for _, protocol := range protocols {
+				protocolsUnique[protocol] = struct{}{}
+			}
+			_, h1ok := protocolsUnique["h1"]
+			_, h2ok := protocolsUnique["h2"]
+			_, h2cok := protocolsUnique["h2c"]
+			_, h3ok := protocolsUnique["h3"]
+
+			for portOffset := uint(0); portOffset < listenAddr.PortRangeSize(); portOffset++ {
+				hostport := listenAddr.JoinHostPort(portOffset)
 
 				// enable TLS if there is a policy and if this is not the HTTP port
 				useTLS := len(srv.TLSConnPolicies) > 0 && int(listenAddr.StartPort+portOffset) != app.httpPort()
-				if useTLS {
-					// create TLS listener - this enables and terminates TLS
-					ln = tls.NewListener(ln, tlsCfg)
 
-					// enable HTTP/3 if configured
-					if srv.protocol("h3") {
-						// Can't serve HTTP/3 on the same socket as HTTP/1 and 2 because it uses
-						// a different transport mechanism... which is fine, but the OS doesn't
-						// differentiate between a SOCK_STREAM file and a SOCK_DGRAM file; they
-						// are still one file on the system. So even though "unixpacket" and
-						// "unixgram" are different network types just as "tcp" and "udp" are,
-						// the OS will not let us use the same file as both STREAM and DGRAM.
-						if len(srv.Protocols) > 1 && listenAddr.IsUnixNetwork() {
-							app.logger.Warn("HTTP/3 disabled because Unix can't multiplex STREAM and DGRAM on same socket",
-								zap.String("file", hostport))
-							for i := range srv.Protocols {
-								if srv.Protocols[i] == "h3" {
-									srv.Protocols = append(srv.Protocols[:i], srv.Protocols[i+1:]...)
-									break
-								}
-							}
-						} else {
-							app.logger.Info("enabling HTTP/3 listener", zap.String("addr", hostport))
-							if err := srv.serveHTTP3(listenAddr.At(portOffset), tlsCfg); err != nil {
-								return err
-							}
+				// enable HTTP/3 if configured
+				if h3ok && useTLS {
+					app.logger.Info("enabling HTTP/3 listener", zap.String("addr", hostport))
+					if err := srv.serveHTTP3(listenAddr.At(portOffset), tlsCfg); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+				}
+
+				if h3ok && !useTLS {
+					// Can only serve h3 with TLS enabled
+					app.logger.Warn("HTTP/3 skipped because it requires TLS",
+						zap.String("network", listenAddr.Network),
+						zap.String("addr", hostport))
+				}
+
+				if h1ok || h2ok && useTLS || h2cok {
+					// create the listener for this socket
+					lnAny, err := listenAddr.Listen(app.ctx, portOffset, net.ListenConfig{KeepAlive: time.Duration(srv.KeepAliveInterval)})
+					if err != nil {
+						return fmt.Errorf("listening on %s: %v", listenAddr.At(portOffset), err)
+					}
+					ln, ok := lnAny.(net.Listener)
+					if !ok {
+						return fmt.Errorf("network '%s' cannot handle HTTP/1 or HTTP/2 connections", listenAddr.Network)
+					}
+
+					// wrap listener before TLS (up to the TLS placeholder wrapper)
+					var lnWrapperIdx int
+					for i, lnWrapper := range srv.listenerWrappers {
+						if _, ok := lnWrapper.(*tlsPlaceholderWrapper); ok {
+							lnWrapperIdx = i + 1 // mark the next wrapper's spot
+							break
 						}
+						ln = lnWrapper.WrapListener(ln)
+					}
+
+					if useTLS {
+						// create TLS listener - this enables and terminates TLS
+						ln = tls.NewListener(ln, tlsCfg)
+					}
+
+					// finish wrapping listener where we left off before TLS
+					for i := lnWrapperIdx; i < len(srv.listenerWrappers); i++ {
+						ln = srv.listenerWrappers[i].WrapListener(ln)
+					}
+
+					// handle http2 if use tls listener wrapper
+					if h2ok {
+						http2lnWrapper := &http2Listener{
+							Listener: ln,
+							server:   srv.server,
+							h2server: h2server,
+						}
+						srv.h2listeners = append(srv.h2listeners, http2lnWrapper)
+						ln = http2lnWrapper
+					}
+
+					// if binding to port 0, the OS chooses a port for us;
+					// but the user won't know the port unless we print it
+					if !listenAddr.IsUnixNetwork() && !listenAddr.IsFdNetwork() && listenAddr.StartPort == 0 && listenAddr.EndPort == 0 {
+						app.logger.Info("port 0 listener",
+							zap.String("input_address", lnAddr),
+							zap.String("actual_address", ln.Addr().String()))
+					}
+
+					app.logger.Debug("starting server loop",
+						zap.String("address", ln.Addr().String()),
+						zap.Bool("tls", useTLS),
+						zap.Bool("http3", srv.h3server != nil))
+
+					srv.listeners = append(srv.listeners, ln)
+
+					// enable HTTP/1 if configured
+					if h1ok {
+						//nolint:errcheck
+						go srv.server.Serve(ln)
 					}
 				}
 
-				// finish wrapping listener where we left off before TLS
-				for i := lnWrapperIdx; i < len(srv.listenerWrappers); i++ {
-					ln = srv.listenerWrappers[i].WrapListener(ln)
-				}
-
-				// handle http2 if use tls listener wrapper
-				if useTLS {
-					http2lnWrapper := &http2Listener{
-						Listener: ln,
-						server:   srv.server,
-						h2server: h2server,
-					}
-					srv.h2listeners = append(srv.h2listeners, http2lnWrapper)
-					ln = http2lnWrapper
-				}
-
-				// if binding to port 0, the OS chooses a port for us;
-				// but the user won't know the port unless we print it
-				if !listenAddr.IsUnixNetwork() && listenAddr.StartPort == 0 && listenAddr.EndPort == 0 {
-					app.logger.Info("port 0 listener",
-						zap.String("input_address", lnAddr),
-						zap.String("actual_address", ln.Addr().String()))
-				}
-
-				app.logger.Debug("starting server loop",
-					zap.String("address", ln.Addr().String()),
-					zap.Bool("tls", useTLS),
-					zap.Bool("http3", srv.h3server != nil))
-
-				srv.listeners = append(srv.listeners, ln)
-
-				// enable HTTP/1 if configured
-				if srv.protocol("h1") {
-					//nolint:errcheck
-					go srv.server.Serve(ln)
+				if h2ok && !useTLS {
+					// Can only serve h2 with TLS enabled
+					app.logger.Warn("HTTP/2 skipped because it requires TLS",
+						zap.String("network", listenAddr.Network),
+						zap.String("addr", hostport))
 				}
 			}
 		}

modules/caddyhttp/autohttps.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ package caddyhttp
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -64,17 +65,12 @@ type AutoHTTPSConfig struct {
 	// enabled. To force automated certificate management
 	// regardless of loaded certificates, set this to true.
 	IgnoreLoadedCerts bool `json:"ignore_loaded_certificates,omitempty"`
-}
 
-// Skipped returns true if name is in skipSlice, which
-// should be either the Skip or SkipCerts field on ahc.
-func (ahc AutoHTTPSConfig) Skipped(name string, skipSlice []string) bool {
-	for _, n := range skipSlice {
-		if name == n {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
+	// If true, automatic HTTPS will prefer wildcard names
+	// and ignore non-wildcard names if both are available.
+	// This allows for writing a config with top-level host
+	// matchers without having those names produce certificates.
+	PreferWildcard bool `json:"prefer_wildcard,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // automaticHTTPSPhase1 provisions all route matchers, determines
@@ -158,7 +154,7 @@ func (app *App) automaticHTTPSPhase1(ctx caddy.Context, repl *caddy.Replacer) er
 								return fmt.Errorf("%s: route %d, matcher set %d, matcher %d, host matcher %d: %v",
 									srvName, routeIdx, matcherSetIdx, matcherIdx, hostMatcherIdx, err)
 							}
-							if !srv.AutoHTTPS.Skipped(d, srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip) {
+							if !slices.Contains(srv.AutoHTTPS.Skip, d) {
 								serverDomainSet[d] = struct{}{}
 							}
 						}
@@ -167,6 +163,27 @@ func (app *App) automaticHTTPSPhase1(ctx caddy.Context, repl *caddy.Replacer) er
 			}
 		}
 
+		if srv.AutoHTTPS.PreferWildcard {
+			wildcards := make(map[string]struct{})
+			for d := range serverDomainSet {
+				if strings.HasPrefix(d, "*.") {
+					wildcards[d[2:]] = struct{}{}
+				}
+			}
+			for d := range serverDomainSet {
+				if strings.HasPrefix(d, "*.") {
+					continue
+				}
+				base := d
+				if idx := strings.Index(d, "."); idx != -1 {
+					base = d[idx+1:]
+				}
+				if _, ok := wildcards[base]; ok {
+					delete(serverDomainSet, d)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
 		// nothing more to do here if there are no domains that qualify for
 		// automatic HTTPS and there are no explicit TLS connection policies:
 		// if there is at least one domain but no TLS conn policy (F&&T), we'll
@@ -193,7 +210,7 @@ func (app *App) automaticHTTPSPhase1(ctx caddy.Context, repl *caddy.Replacer) er
 		} else {
 			for d := range serverDomainSet {
 				if certmagic.SubjectQualifiesForCert(d) &&
-					!srv.AutoHTTPS.Skipped(d, srv.AutoHTTPS.SkipCerts) {
+					!slices.Contains(srv.AutoHTTPS.SkipCerts, d) {
 					// if a certificate for this name is already loaded,
 					// don't obtain another one for it, unless we are
 					// supposed to ignore loaded certificates
@@ -742,7 +759,7 @@ func (app *App) automaticHTTPSPhase2() error {
 	)
 	err := app.tlsApp.Manage(app.allCertDomains)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("managing certificates for %v: %s", app.allCertDomains, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("managing certificates for %d domains: %s", len(app.allCertDomains), err)
 	}
 	app.allCertDomains = nil // no longer needed; allow GC to deallocate
 	return nil

modules/caddyhttp/caddyauth/caddyauth.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
@@ -76,9 +77,9 @@ func (a Authentication) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next c
 	for provName, prov := range a.Providers {
 		user, authed, err = prov.Authenticate(w, r)
 		if err != nil {
-			a.logger.Error("auth provider returned error",
-				zap.String("provider", provName),
-				zap.Error(err))
+			if c := a.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "auth provider returned error"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(zap.String("provider", provName), zap.Error(err))
+			}
 			continue
 		}
 		if authed {

modules/caddyhttp/celmatcher.go

@@ -126,6 +126,10 @@ func (m *MatchExpression) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 	// light (and possibly naïve) syntactic sugar
 	m.expandedExpr = placeholderRegexp.ReplaceAllString(m.Expr, placeholderExpansion)
 
+	// as a second pass, we'll strip the escape character from an escaped
+	// placeholder, so that it can be used as an input to other CEL functions
+	m.expandedExpr = escapedPlaceholderRegexp.ReplaceAllString(m.expandedExpr, escapedPlaceholderExpansion)
+
 	// our type adapter expands CEL's standard type support
 	m.ta = celTypeAdapter{}
 
@@ -159,14 +163,17 @@ func (m *MatchExpression) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 
 	// create the CEL environment
 	env, err := cel.NewEnv(
-		cel.Function(placeholderFuncName, cel.SingletonBinaryBinding(m.caddyPlaceholderFunc), cel.Overload(
-			placeholderFuncName+"_httpRequest_string",
+		cel.Function(CELPlaceholderFuncName, cel.SingletonBinaryBinding(m.caddyPlaceholderFunc), cel.Overload(
+			CELPlaceholderFuncName+"_httpRequest_string",
 			[]*cel.Type{httpRequestObjectType, cel.StringType},
 			cel.AnyType,
 		)),
-		cel.Variable("request", httpRequestObjectType),
+		cel.Variable(CELRequestVarName, httpRequestObjectType),
 		cel.CustomTypeAdapter(m.ta),
 		ext.Strings(),
+		ext.Bindings(),
+		ext.Lists(),
+		ext.Math(),
 		matcherLib,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -247,7 +254,7 @@ func (m MatchExpression) caddyPlaceholderFunc(lhs, rhs ref.Val) ref.Val {
 		return types.NewErr(
 			"invalid request of type '%v' to %s(request, placeholderVarName)",
 			lhs.Type(),
-			placeholderFuncName,
+			CELPlaceholderFuncName,
 		)
 	}
 	phStr, ok := rhs.(types.String)
@@ -255,7 +262,7 @@ func (m MatchExpression) caddyPlaceholderFunc(lhs, rhs ref.Val) ref.Val {
 		return types.NewErr(
 			"invalid placeholder variable name of type '%v' to %s(request, placeholderVarName)",
 			rhs.Type(),
-			placeholderFuncName,
+			CELPlaceholderFuncName,
 		)
 	}
 
@@ -275,7 +282,7 @@ var httpRequestCELType = cel.ObjectType("http.Request", traits.ReceiverType)
 type celHTTPRequest struct{ *http.Request }
 
 func (cr celHTTPRequest) ResolveName(name string) (any, bool) {
-	if name == "request" {
+	if name == CELRequestVarName {
 		return cr, true
 	}
 	return nil, false
@@ -340,7 +347,7 @@ func (celTypeAdapter) NativeToValue(value any) ref.Val {
 	case time.Time:
 		return types.Timestamp{Time: v}
 	case error:
-		types.NewErr(v.Error())
+		return types.WrapErr(v)
 	}
 	return types.DefaultTypeAdapter.NativeToValue(value)
 }
@@ -457,15 +464,15 @@ func CELMatcherDecorator(funcName string, fac CELMatcherFactory) interpreter.Int
 		callArgs := call.Args()
 		reqAttr, ok := callArgs[0].(interpreter.InterpretableAttribute)
 		if !ok {
-			return nil, errors.New("missing 'request' argument")
+			return nil, errors.New("missing 'req' argument")
 		}
 		nsAttr, ok := reqAttr.Attr().(interpreter.NamespacedAttribute)
 		if !ok {
-			return nil, errors.New("missing 'request' argument")
+			return nil, errors.New("missing 'req' argument")
 		}
 		varNames := nsAttr.CandidateVariableNames()
-		if len(varNames) != 1 || len(varNames) == 1 && varNames[0] != "request" {
-			return nil, errors.New("missing 'request' argument")
+		if len(varNames) != 1 || len(varNames) == 1 && varNames[0] != CELRequestVarName {
+			return nil, errors.New("missing 'req' argument")
 		}
 		matcherData, ok := callArgs[1].(interpreter.InterpretableConst)
 		if !ok {
@@ -499,7 +506,7 @@ func CELMatcherRuntimeFunction(funcName string, fac CELMatcherFactory) functions
 	return func(celReq, matcherData ref.Val) ref.Val {
 		matcher, err := fac(matcherData)
 		if err != nil {
-			return types.NewErr(err.Error())
+			return types.WrapErr(err)
 		}
 		httpReq := celReq.Value().(celHTTPRequest)
 		return types.Bool(matcher.Match(httpReq.Request))
@@ -524,7 +531,7 @@ func celMatcherStringListMacroExpander(funcName string) cel.MacroFactory {
 				return nil, eh.NewError(arg.ID(), "matcher arguments must be string constants")
 			}
 		}
-		return eh.NewCall(funcName, eh.NewIdent("request"), eh.NewList(matchArgs...)), nil
+		return eh.NewCall(funcName, eh.NewIdent(CELRequestVarName), eh.NewList(matchArgs...)), nil
 	}
 }
 
@@ -538,7 +545,7 @@ func celMatcherStringMacroExpander(funcName string) parser.MacroExpander {
 			return nil, eh.NewError(0, "matcher requires one argument")
 		}
 		if isCELStringExpr(args[0]) {
-			return eh.NewCall(funcName, eh.NewIdent("request"), args[0]), nil
+			return eh.NewCall(funcName, eh.NewIdent(CELRequestVarName), args[0]), nil
 		}
 		return nil, eh.NewError(args[0].ID(), "matcher argument must be a string literal")
 	}
@@ -572,7 +579,7 @@ func celMatcherJSONMacroExpander(funcName string) parser.MacroExpander {
 					return nil, eh.NewError(entry.AsMapEntry().Value().ID(), "matcher map values must be string or list literals")
 				}
 			}
-			return eh.NewCall(funcName, eh.NewIdent("request"), arg), nil
+			return eh.NewCall(funcName, eh.NewIdent(CELRequestVarName), arg), nil
 		case ast.UnspecifiedExprKind, ast.CallKind, ast.ComprehensionKind, ast.IdentKind, ast.ListKind, ast.LiteralKind, ast.SelectKind:
 			// appeasing the linter :)
 		}
@@ -646,7 +653,7 @@ func isCELCaddyPlaceholderCall(e ast.Expr) bool {
 	switch e.Kind() {
 	case ast.CallKind:
 		call := e.AsCall()
-		if call.FunctionName() == "caddyPlaceholder" {
+		if call.FunctionName() == CELPlaceholderFuncName {
 			return true
 		}
 	case ast.UnspecifiedExprKind, ast.ComprehensionKind, ast.IdentKind, ast.ListKind, ast.LiteralKind, ast.MapKind, ast.SelectKind, ast.StructKind:
@@ -701,8 +708,15 @@ func isCELStringListLiteral(e ast.Expr) bool {
 // expressions with a proper CEL function call; this is
 // just for syntactic sugar.
 var (
-	placeholderRegexp    = regexp.MustCompile(`{([a-zA-Z][\w.-]+)}`)
-	placeholderExpansion = `caddyPlaceholder(request, "${1}")`
+	// The placeholder may not be preceded by a backslash; the expansion
+	// will include the preceding character if it is not a backslash.
+	placeholderRegexp    = regexp.MustCompile(`([^\\]|^){([a-zA-Z][\w.-]+)}`)
+	placeholderExpansion = `${1}ph(req, "${2}")`
+
+	// As a second pass, we need to strip the escape character in front of
+	// the placeholder, if it exists.
+	escapedPlaceholderRegexp    = regexp.MustCompile(`\\{([a-zA-Z][\w.-]+)}`)
+	escapedPlaceholderExpansion = `{${1}}`
 
 	CELTypeJSON = cel.MapType(cel.StringType, cel.DynType)
 )
@@ -710,7 +724,10 @@ var (
 var httpRequestObjectType = cel.ObjectType("http.Request")
 
 // The name of the CEL function which accesses Replacer values.
-const placeholderFuncName = "caddyPlaceholder"
+const CELPlaceholderFuncName = "ph"
+
+// The name of the CEL request variable.
+const CELRequestVarName = "req"
 
 const MatcherNameCtxKey = "matcher_name"
 

modules/caddyhttp/celmatcher_test.go

@@ -70,13 +70,36 @@ eqp31wM9il1n+guTNyxJd+FzVAH+hCZE5K+tCgVDdVFUlDEHHbS/wqb2PSIoouLV
 			wantResult: true,
 		},
 		{
-			name: "header error (MatchHeader)",
+			name: "header matches an escaped placeholder value (MatchHeader)",
+			expression: &MatchExpression{
+				Expr: `header({'Field': '\\\{foobar}'})`,
+			},
+			urlTarget:  "https://example.com/foo",
+			httpHeader: &http.Header{"Field": []string{"{foobar}"}},
+			wantResult: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "header matches an placeholder replaced during the header matcher (MatchHeader)",
+			expression: &MatchExpression{
+				Expr: `header({'Field': '\{http.request.uri.path}'})`,
+			},
+			urlTarget:  "https://example.com/foo",
+			httpHeader: &http.Header{"Field": []string{"/foo"}},
+			wantResult: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "header error, invalid escape sequence (MatchHeader)",
+			expression: &MatchExpression{
+				Expr: `header({'Field': '\\{foobar}'})`,
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "header error, needs to be JSON syntax with field as key (MatchHeader)",
 			expression: &MatchExpression{
 				Expr: `header('foo')`,
 			},
-			urlTarget:  "https://example.com/foo",
-			httpHeader: &http.Header{"Field": []string{"foo", "bar"}},
-			wantErr:    true,
+			wantErr: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "header_regexp matches (MatchHeaderRE)",
@@ -110,9 +133,7 @@ eqp31wM9il1n+guTNyxJd+FzVAH+hCZE5K+tCgVDdVFUlDEHHbS/wqb2PSIoouLV
 			expression: &MatchExpression{
 				Expr: `header_regexp('foo')`,
 			},
-			urlTarget:  "https://example.com/foo",
-			httpHeader: &http.Header{"Field": []string{"foo", "bar"}},
-			wantErr:    true,
+			wantErr: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "host matches localhost (MatchHost)",
@@ -143,8 +164,7 @@ eqp31wM9il1n+guTNyxJd+FzVAH+hCZE5K+tCgVDdVFUlDEHHbS/wqb2PSIoouLV
 			expression: &MatchExpression{
 				Expr: `host(80)`,
 			},
-			urlTarget: "http://localhost:80",
-			wantErr:   true,
+			wantErr: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "method does not match (MatchMethod)",
@@ -169,9 +189,7 @@ eqp31wM9il1n+guTNyxJd+FzVAH+hCZE5K+tCgVDdVFUlDEHHbS/wqb2PSIoouLV
 			expression: &MatchExpression{
 				Expr: `method()`,
 			},
-			urlTarget:  "https://foo.example.com",
-			httpMethod: "PUT",
-			wantErr:    true,
+			wantErr: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "path matches substring (MatchPath)",
@@ -266,24 +284,21 @@ eqp31wM9il1n+guTNyxJd+FzVAH+hCZE5K+tCgVDdVFUlDEHHbS/wqb2PSIoouLV
 			expression: &MatchExpression{
 				Expr: `protocol()`,
 			},
-			urlTarget: "https://example.com",
-			wantErr:   true,
+			wantErr: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "protocol invocation error too many args (MatchProtocol)",
 			expression: &MatchExpression{
 				Expr: `protocol('grpc', 'https')`,
 			},
-			urlTarget: "https://example.com",
-			wantErr:   true,
+			wantErr: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "protocol invocation error wrong arg type (MatchProtocol)",
 			expression: &MatchExpression{
 				Expr: `protocol(true)`,
 			},
-			urlTarget: "https://example.com",
-			wantErr:   true,
+			wantErr: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "query does not match against a specific value (MatchQuery)",
@@ -330,40 +345,35 @@ eqp31wM9il1n+guTNyxJd+FzVAH+hCZE5K+tCgVDdVFUlDEHHbS/wqb2PSIoouLV
 			expression: &MatchExpression{
 				Expr: `query({1: "1"})`,
 			},
-			urlTarget: "https://example.com/foo",
-			wantErr:   true,
+			wantErr: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "query error typed struct instead of map (MatchQuery)",
 			expression: &MatchExpression{
 				Expr: `query(Message{field: "1"})`,
 			},
-			urlTarget: "https://example.com/foo",
-			wantErr:   true,
+			wantErr: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "query error bad map value type (MatchQuery)",
 			expression: &MatchExpression{
 				Expr: `query({"debug": 1})`,
 			},
-			urlTarget: "https://example.com/foo/?debug=1",
-			wantErr:   true,
+			wantErr: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "query error no args (MatchQuery)",
 			expression: &MatchExpression{
 				Expr: `query()`,
 			},
-			urlTarget: "https://example.com/foo/?debug=1",
-			wantErr:   true,
+			wantErr: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "remote_ip error no args (MatchRemoteIP)",
 			expression: &MatchExpression{
 				Expr: `remote_ip()`,
 			},
-			urlTarget: "https://example.com/foo",
-			wantErr:   true,
+			wantErr: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "remote_ip single IP match (MatchRemoteIP)",
@@ -373,6 +383,67 @@ eqp31wM9il1n+guTNyxJd+FzVAH+hCZE5K+tCgVDdVFUlDEHHbS/wqb2PSIoouLV
 			urlTarget:  "https://example.com/foo",
 			wantResult: true,
 		},
+		{
+			name: "vars value (VarsMatcher)",
+			expression: &MatchExpression{
+				Expr: `vars({'foo': 'bar'})`,
+			},
+			urlTarget:  "https://example.com/foo",
+			wantResult: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "vars matches placeholder, needs escape (VarsMatcher)",
+			expression: &MatchExpression{
+				Expr: `vars({'\{http.request.uri.path}': '/foo'})`,
+			},
+			urlTarget:  "https://example.com/foo",
+			wantResult: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "vars error wrong syntax (VarsMatcher)",
+			expression: &MatchExpression{
+				Expr: `vars('foo', 'bar')`,
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "vars error no args (VarsMatcher)",
+			expression: &MatchExpression{
+				Expr: `vars()`,
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "vars_regexp value (MatchVarsRE)",
+			expression: &MatchExpression{
+				Expr: `vars_regexp('foo', 'ba?r')`,
+			},
+			urlTarget:  "https://example.com/foo",
+			wantResult: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "vars_regexp value with name (MatchVarsRE)",
+			expression: &MatchExpression{
+				Expr: `vars_regexp('name', 'foo', 'ba?r')`,
+			},
+			urlTarget:  "https://example.com/foo",
+			wantResult: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "vars_regexp matches placeholder, needs escape (MatchVarsRE)",
+			expression: &MatchExpression{
+				Expr: `vars_regexp('\{http.request.uri.path}', '/fo?o')`,
+			},
+			urlTarget:  "https://example.com/foo",
+			wantResult: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "vars_regexp error no args (MatchVarsRE)",
+			expression: &MatchExpression{
+				Expr: `vars_regexp()`,
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
 	}
 )
 
@@ -396,6 +467,9 @@ func TestMatchExpressionMatch(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 			repl := caddy.NewReplacer()
 			ctx := context.WithValue(req.Context(), caddy.ReplacerCtxKey, repl)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, VarsCtxKey, map[string]any{
+				"foo": "bar",
+			})
 			req = req.WithContext(ctx)
 			addHTTPVarsToReplacer(repl, req, httptest.NewRecorder())
 
@@ -436,6 +510,9 @@ func BenchmarkMatchExpressionMatch(b *testing.B) {
 			}
 			repl := caddy.NewReplacer()
 			ctx := context.WithValue(req.Context(), caddy.ReplacerCtxKey, repl)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, VarsCtxKey, map[string]any{
+				"foo": "bar",
+			})
 			req = req.WithContext(ctx)
 			addHTTPVarsToReplacer(repl, req, httptest.NewRecorder())
 			if tc.clientCertificate != nil {

modules/caddyhttp/encode/encode.go

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"math"
 	"net/http"
+	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -112,7 +113,8 @@ func (enc *Encode) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 					"application/x-ttf*",
 					"application/xhtml+xml*",
 					"application/xml*",
-					"font/*",
+					"font/ttf*",
+					"font/otf*",
 					"image/svg+xml*",
 					"image/vnd.microsoft.icon*",
 					"image/x-icon*",
@@ -265,6 +267,14 @@ func (rw *responseWriter) FlushError() error {
 		// to rw.Write (see bug in #4314)
 		return nil
 	}
+	// also flushes the encoder, if any
+	// see: https://github.com/jjiang-stripe/caddy-slow-gzip
+	if rw.w != nil {
+		err := rw.w.Flush()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
 	//nolint:bodyclose
 	return http.NewResponseController(rw.ResponseWriter).Flush()
 }
@@ -432,12 +442,9 @@ func AcceptedEncodings(r *http.Request, preferredOrder []string) []string {
 		}
 
 		// set server preference
-		prefOrder := -1
-		for i, p := range preferredOrder {
-			if encName == p {
-				prefOrder = len(preferredOrder) - i
-				break
-			}
+		prefOrder := slices.Index(preferredOrder, encName)
+		if prefOrder > -1 {
+			prefOrder = len(preferredOrder) - prefOrder
 		}
 
 		prefs = append(prefs, encodingPreference{
@@ -474,6 +481,7 @@ type encodingPreference struct {
 type Encoder interface {
 	io.WriteCloser
 	Reset(io.Writer)
+	Flush() error // encoder by default buffers data to maximize compressing rate
 }
 
 // Encoding is a type which can create encoders of its kind

modules/caddyhttp/fileserver/browse.go

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
@@ -52,14 +53,25 @@ var BrowseTemplate string
 type Browse struct {
 	// Filename of the template to use instead of the embedded browse template.
 	TemplateFile string `json:"template_file,omitempty"`
+
 	// Determines whether or not targets of symlinks should be revealed.
 	RevealSymlinks bool `json:"reveal_symlinks,omitempty"`
+
+	// Override the default sort.
+	// It includes the following options:
+	//   - sort_by: name(default), namedirfirst, size, time
+	//   - order: asc(default), desc
+	// eg.:
+	//   - `sort time desc` will sort by time in descending order
+	//   - `sort size` will sort by size in ascending order
+	// The first option must be `sort_by` and the second option must be `order` (if exists).
+	SortOptions []string `json:"sort,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (fsrv *FileServer) serveBrowse(fileSystem fs.FS, root, dirPath string, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next caddyhttp.Handler) error {
-	fsrv.logger.Debug("browse enabled; listing directory contents",
-		zap.String("path", dirPath),
-		zap.String("root", root))
+	if c := fsrv.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "browse enabled; listing directory contents"); c != nil {
+		c.Write(zap.String("path", dirPath), zap.String("root", root))
+	}
 
 	// Navigation on the client-side gets messed up if the
 	// URL doesn't end in a trailing slash because hrefs to
@@ -81,7 +93,9 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) serveBrowse(fileSystem fs.FS, root, dirPath string, w ht
 	origReq := r.Context().Value(caddyhttp.OriginalRequestCtxKey).(http.Request)
 	if r.URL.Path == "" || path.Base(origReq.URL.Path) == path.Base(r.URL.Path) {
 		if !strings.HasSuffix(origReq.URL.Path, "/") {
-			fsrv.logger.Debug("redirecting to trailing slash to preserve hrefs", zap.String("request_path", r.URL.Path))
+			if c := fsrv.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "redirecting to trailing slash to preserve hrefs"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(zap.String("request_path", r.URL.Path))
+			}
 			return redirect(w, r, origReq.URL.Path+"/")
 		}
 	}
@@ -206,11 +220,34 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) loadDirectoryContents(ctx context.Context, fileSystem fs
 // browseApplyQueryParams applies query parameters to the listing.
 // It mutates the listing and may set cookies.
 func (fsrv *FileServer) browseApplyQueryParams(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, listing *browseTemplateContext) {
+	var orderParam, sortParam string
+
+	// The configs in Caddyfile have lower priority than Query params,
+	// so put it at first.
+	for idx, item := range fsrv.Browse.SortOptions {
+		// Only `sort` & `order`, 2 params are allowed
+		if idx >= 2 {
+			break
+		}
+		switch item {
+		case sortByName, sortByNameDirFirst, sortBySize, sortByTime:
+			sortParam = item
+		case sortOrderAsc, sortOrderDesc:
+			orderParam = item
+		}
+	}
+
 	layoutParam := r.URL.Query().Get("layout")
-	sortParam := r.URL.Query().Get("sort")
-	orderParam := r.URL.Query().Get("order")
 	limitParam := r.URL.Query().Get("limit")
 	offsetParam := r.URL.Query().Get("offset")
+	sortParamTmp := r.URL.Query().Get("sort")
+	if sortParamTmp != "" {
+		sortParam = sortParamTmp
+	}
+	orderParamTmp := r.URL.Query().Get("order")
+	if orderParamTmp != "" {
+		orderParam = orderParamTmp
+	}
 
 	switch layoutParam {
 	case "list", "grid", "":
@@ -233,11 +270,11 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) browseApplyQueryParams(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Re
 	// then figure out the order
 	switch orderParam {
 	case "":
-		orderParam = "asc"
+		orderParam = sortOrderAsc
 		if orderCookie, orderErr := r.Cookie("order"); orderErr == nil {
 			orderParam = orderCookie.Value
 		}
-	case "asc", "desc":
+	case sortOrderAsc, sortOrderDesc:
 		http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{Name: "order", Value: orderParam, Secure: r.TLS != nil})
 	}
 

modules/caddyhttp/fileserver/browse.html

@@ -1,10 +1,17 @@
+{{ $nonce := uuidv4 -}}
+{{ $nonceAttribute := print "nonce=" (quote $nonce) -}}
+{{ $csp := printf "default-src 'none'; img-src 'self'; object-src 'none'; base-uri 'none'; script-src 'nonce-%s'; style-src 'nonce-%s'; frame-ancestors 'self'; form-action 'self';" $nonce $nonce -}}
+{{/* To disable the Content-Security-Policy, set this to false */}}{{ $enableCsp := true -}}
+{{ if $enableCsp -}}
+  {{- .RespHeader.Set "Content-Security-Policy" $csp -}}
+{{ end -}}
 {{- define "icon"}}
 	{{- if .IsDir}}
 		{{- if .IsSymlink}}
 		<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-folder-filled" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
 			<path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"/>
 			<path d="M9 3a1 1 0 0 1 .608 .206l.1 .087l2.706 2.707h6.586a3 3 0 0 1 2.995 2.824l.005 .176v8a3 3 0 0 1 -2.824 2.995l-.176 .005h-14a3 3 0 0 1 -2.995 -2.824l-.005 -.176v-11a3 3 0 0 1 2.824 -2.995l.176 -.005h4z" stroke-width="0" fill="currentColor"/>
-			<path fill="#000" d="M2.795 17.306c0-2.374 1.792-4.314 4.078-4.538v-1.104a.38.38 0 0 1 .651-.272l2.45 2.492a.132.132 0 0 1 0 .188l-2.45 2.492a.381.381 0 0 1-.651-.272V15.24c-1.889.297-3.436 1.39-3.817 3.26a2.809 2.809 0 0 1-.261-1.193Z" style="stroke-width:.127478"/>
+			<path fill="#000" d="M2.795 17.306c0-2.374 1.792-4.314 4.078-4.538v-1.104a.38.38 0 0 1 .651-.272l2.45 2.492a.132.132 0 0 1 0 .188l-2.45 2.492a.381.381 0 0 1-.651-.272V15.24c-1.889.297-3.436 1.39-3.817 3.26a2.809 2.809 0 0 1-.261-1.193Z" stroke-width=".127478"/>
 		</svg>
 		{{- else}}
 		<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-folder-filled" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
@@ -303,7 +310,7 @@
 		<meta charset="utf-8">
 		<meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark">
 		<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
-<style>
+<style {{ $nonceAttribute }}>
 * { padding: 0; margin: 0; box-sizing: border-box; }
 
 body {
@@ -342,6 +349,10 @@ svg,
 	text-decoration: none;
 }
 
+#layout-list, #layout-grid {
+	cursor: pointer;
+}
+
 .wrapper {
 	max-width: 1200px;
 	margin-left: auto;
@@ -768,10 +779,10 @@ footer {
 
 </style>
 {{- if eq .Layout "grid"}}
-<style>.wrapper { max-width: none; } main { margin-top: 1px; }</style>
+<style {{ $nonceAttribute }}>.wrapper { max-width: none; } main { margin-top: 1px; }</style>
 {{- end}}
 </head>
-<body onload="initPage()">
+<body>
 	<header>
 		<div class="wrapper">
 			<div class="breadcrumbs">Folder Path</div>
@@ -799,7 +810,7 @@ footer {
 						</span>
 						{{- end}}
 					</div>
-					<a href="javascript:queryParam('layout', '')" id="layout-list" class='layout{{if eq $.Layout "list" ""}}current{{end}}'>
+					<a id="layout-list" class='layout{{if eq $.Layout "list" ""}}current{{end}}'>
 						<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-layout-list" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
 							<path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"/>
 							<path d="M4 4m0 2a2 2 0 0 1 2 -2h12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2a2 2 0 0 1 -2 2h-12a2 2 0 0 1 -2 -2z"/>
@@ -807,7 +818,7 @@ footer {
 						</svg>
 						List
 					</a>
-					<a href="javascript:queryParam('layout', 'grid')" id="layout-grid" class='layout{{if eq $.Layout "grid"}}current{{end}}'>
+					<a id="layout-grid" class='layout{{if eq $.Layout "grid"}}current{{end}}'>
 						<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-layout-grid" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
 							<path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"/>
 							<path d="M4 4m0 1a1 1 0 0 1 1 -1h4a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v4a1 1 0 0 1 -1 1h-4a1 1 0 0 1 -1 -1z"/>
@@ -886,7 +897,7 @@ footer {
 									<path d="M10 10m-7 0a7 7 0 1 0 14 0a7 7 0 1 0 -14 0"/>
 									<path d="M21 21l-6 -6"/>
 								</svg>
-								<input type="search" placeholder="Search" id="filter" onkeyup='filter()'>
+								<input type="search" placeholder="Search" id="filter">
 							</div>
 						</th>
 						<th>
@@ -980,7 +991,7 @@ footer {
 							<div class="sizebar">
 								<div class="sizebar-bar"></div>
 								<div class="sizebar-text">
-									{{.HumanSize}}
+									{{if .IsSymlink}}↱&nbsp;{{end}}{{.HumanSize}}
 								</div>
 							</div>
 						</td>
@@ -1000,70 +1011,70 @@ footer {
 		<footer>
 			Served with
 			<a rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://caddyserver.com">
-				<svg class="caddy-logo" viewBox="0 0 379 114" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xml:space="preserve" xmlns:serif="http://www.serif.com/" style="fill-rule:evenodd;clip-rule:evenodd;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;">
+				<svg class="caddy-logo" viewBox="0 0 379 114" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xml:space="preserve" xmlns:serif="http://www.serif.com/" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
 					<g transform="matrix(1,0,0,1,-1982.99,-530.985)">
 						<g transform="matrix(1.16548,0,0,1.10195,1823.12,393.466)">
 							<g transform="matrix(1,0,0,1,0.233052,1.17986)">
 								<g id="Icon" transform="matrix(0.858013,0,0,0.907485,-3224.99,-1435.83)">
 									<g>
 										<g transform="matrix(-0.191794,-0.715786,0.715786,-0.191794,4329.14,4673.64)">
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-												<path d="M0.306,0.012C0.265,0.012 0.229,0.006 0.196,-0.008C0.163,-0.021 0.135,-0.039 0.112,-0.064C0.089,-0.088 0.071,-0.117 0.059,-0.151C0.046,-0.185 0.04,-0.222 0.04,-0.263C0.04,-0.315 0.051,-0.36 0.072,-0.399C0.093,-0.437 0.122,-0.468 0.159,-0.489C0.196,-0.511 0.239,-0.522 0.287,-0.522C0.311,-0.522 0.333,-0.518 0.355,-0.511C0.377,-0.504 0.396,-0.493 0.413,-0.48C0.431,-0.466 0.445,-0.451 0.455,-0.433L0.456,-0.433L0.456,-0.73L0.571,-0.73L0.571,-0.261C0.571,-0.205 0.56,-0.156 0.537,-0.115C0.515,-0.074 0.484,-0.043 0.444,-0.021C0.405,0.001 0.358,0.012 0.306,0.012ZM0.306,-0.086C0.335,-0.086 0.361,-0.093 0.384,-0.107C0.406,-0.122 0.423,-0.141 0.436,-0.167C0.448,-0.192 0.455,-0.221 0.455,-0.255C0.455,-0.288 0.448,-0.317 0.436,-0.343C0.423,-0.368 0.406,-0.388 0.383,-0.402C0.361,-0.417 0.335,-0.424 0.305,-0.424C0.276,-0.424 0.251,-0.417 0.228,-0.402C0.206,-0.387 0.188,-0.368 0.175,-0.342C0.163,-0.317 0.156,-0.288 0.156,-0.255C0.156,-0.222 0.163,-0.193 0.175,-0.167C0.188,-0.142 0.206,-0.122 0.229,-0.108C0.251,-0.093 0.277,-0.086 0.306,-0.086Z" style="fill:rgb(47,47,47);fill-rule:nonzero;"/>
+												<path d="M0.306,0.012C0.265,0.012 0.229,0.006 0.196,-0.008C0.163,-0.021 0.135,-0.039 0.112,-0.064C0.089,-0.088 0.071,-0.117 0.059,-0.151C0.046,-0.185 0.04,-0.222 0.04,-0.263C0.04,-0.315 0.051,-0.36 0.072,-0.399C0.093,-0.437 0.122,-0.468 0.159,-0.489C0.196,-0.511 0.239,-0.522 0.287,-0.522C0.311,-0.522 0.333,-0.518 0.355,-0.511C0.377,-0.504 0.396,-0.493 0.413,-0.48C0.431,-0.466 0.445,-0.451 0.455,-0.433L0.456,-0.433L0.456,-0.73L0.571,-0.73L0.571,-0.261C0.571,-0.205 0.56,-0.156 0.537,-0.115C0.515,-0.074 0.484,-0.043 0.444,-0.021C0.405,0.001 0.358,0.012 0.306,0.012ZM0.306,-0.086C0.335,-0.086 0.361,-0.093 0.384,-0.107C0.406,-0.122 0.423,-0.141 0.436,-0.167C0.448,-0.192 0.455,-0.221 0.455,-0.255C0.455,-0.288 0.448,-0.317 0.436,-0.343C0.423,-0.368 0.406,-0.388 0.383,-0.402C0.361,-0.417 0.335,-0.424 0.305,-0.424C0.276,-0.424 0.251,-0.417 0.228,-0.402C0.206,-0.387 0.188,-0.368 0.175,-0.342C0.163,-0.317 0.156,-0.288 0.156,-0.255C0.156,-0.222 0.163,-0.193 0.175,-0.167C0.188,-0.142 0.206,-0.122 0.229,-0.108C0.251,-0.093 0.277,-0.086 0.306,-0.086Z" fill="rgb(47,47,47)" fill-rule="nonzero"/>
 											</g>
 										</g>
 										<g id="c" transform="matrix(-0.0716462,0.31304,-0.583685,-0.0384251,1489.76,-444.051)">
-											<path d="M2668.11,700.4C2666.79,703.699 2666.12,707.216 2666.12,710.766C2666.12,726.268 2678.71,738.854 2694.21,738.854C2709.71,738.854 2722.3,726.268 2722.3,710.766C2722.3,704.111 2719.93,697.672 2715.63,692.597L2707.63,699.378C2710.33,702.559 2711.57,706.602 2711.81,710.766C2712.2,717.38 2706.61,724.52 2697.27,726.637C2683.9,728.581 2676.61,720.482 2676.61,710.766C2676.61,708.541 2677.03,706.336 2677.85,704.269L2668.11,700.4Z" style="fill:rgb(46,46,46);"/>
+											<path d="M2668.11,700.4C2666.79,703.699 2666.12,707.216 2666.12,710.766C2666.12,726.268 2678.71,738.854 2694.21,738.854C2709.71,738.854 2722.3,726.268 2722.3,710.766C2722.3,704.111 2719.93,697.672 2715.63,692.597L2707.63,699.378C2710.33,702.559 2711.57,706.602 2711.81,710.766C2712.2,717.38 2706.61,724.52 2697.27,726.637C2683.9,728.581 2676.61,720.482 2676.61,710.766C2676.61,708.541 2677.03,706.336 2677.85,704.269L2668.11,700.4Z" fill="rgb(46,46,46)"/>
 										</g>
 									</g>
 									<g id="R" transform="matrix(0.426446,0,0,0.451034,-1192.44,-722.167)">
 										<g transform="matrix(1,0,0,1,-0.10786,0.450801)">
 											<g transform="matrix(12.1247,0,0,12.1247,3862.61,1929.9)">
-												<path d="M0.073,-0L0.073,-0.7L0.383,-0.7C0.428,-0.7 0.469,-0.69 0.506,-0.67C0.543,-0.651 0.572,-0.623 0.594,-0.588C0.616,-0.553 0.627,-0.512 0.627,-0.465C0.627,-0.418 0.615,-0.377 0.592,-0.342C0.569,-0.306 0.539,-0.279 0.501,-0.259L0.57,-0.128C0.574,-0.12 0.579,-0.115 0.584,-0.111C0.59,-0.107 0.596,-0.106 0.605,-0.106L0.664,-0.106L0.664,-0L0.587,-0C0.56,-0 0.535,-0.007 0.514,-0.02C0.493,-0.034 0.476,-0.052 0.463,-0.075L0.381,-0.232C0.375,-0.231 0.368,-0.231 0.361,-0.231C0.354,-0.231 0.347,-0.231 0.34,-0.231L0.192,-0.231L0.192,-0L0.073,-0ZM0.192,-0.336L0.368,-0.336C0.394,-0.336 0.417,-0.341 0.438,-0.351C0.459,-0.361 0.476,-0.376 0.489,-0.396C0.501,-0.415 0.507,-0.438 0.507,-0.465C0.507,-0.492 0.501,-0.516 0.488,-0.535C0.475,-0.554 0.459,-0.569 0.438,-0.579C0.417,-0.59 0.394,-0.595 0.369,-0.595L0.192,-0.595L0.192,-0.336Z" style="fill:rgb(46,46,46);fill-rule:nonzero;"/>
+												<path d="M0.073,-0L0.073,-0.7L0.383,-0.7C0.428,-0.7 0.469,-0.69 0.506,-0.67C0.543,-0.651 0.572,-0.623 0.594,-0.588C0.616,-0.553 0.627,-0.512 0.627,-0.465C0.627,-0.418 0.615,-0.377 0.592,-0.342C0.569,-0.306 0.539,-0.279 0.501,-0.259L0.57,-0.128C0.574,-0.12 0.579,-0.115 0.584,-0.111C0.59,-0.107 0.596,-0.106 0.605,-0.106L0.664,-0.106L0.664,-0L0.587,-0C0.56,-0 0.535,-0.007 0.514,-0.02C0.493,-0.034 0.476,-0.052 0.463,-0.075L0.381,-0.232C0.375,-0.231 0.368,-0.231 0.361,-0.231C0.354,-0.231 0.347,-0.231 0.34,-0.231L0.192,-0.231L0.192,-0L0.073,-0ZM0.192,-0.336L0.368,-0.336C0.394,-0.336 0.417,-0.341 0.438,-0.351C0.459,-0.361 0.476,-0.376 0.489,-0.396C0.501,-0.415 0.507,-0.438 0.507,-0.465C0.507,-0.492 0.501,-0.516 0.488,-0.535C0.475,-0.554 0.459,-0.569 0.438,-0.579C0.417,-0.59 0.394,-0.595 0.369,-0.595L0.192,-0.595L0.192,-0.336Z" fill="rgb(46,46,46)" fill-rule="nonzero"/>
 											</g>
 										</g>
 										<g transform="matrix(1,0,0,1,0.278569,0.101881)">
-											<circle cx="3866.43" cy="1926.14" r="8.923" style="fill:none;stroke:rgb(46,46,46);stroke-width:2px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;"/>
+											<circle cx="3866.43" cy="1926.14" r="8.923" fill="none" stroke="rgb(46,46,46)" stroke-width="2px" stroke-linecap="butt" stroke-linejoin="miter"/>
 										</g>
 									</g>
 								</g>
@@ -1074,7 +1085,7 @@ footer {
 			</a>
 		</footer>
 
-		<script>
+		<script {{ $nonceAttribute }}>
 			const filterEl = document.getElementById('filter');
 			filterEl?.focus({ preventScroll: true });
 
@@ -1120,6 +1131,20 @@ footer {
 				});
 			}
 
+			const filterElem = document.getElementById("filter");
+			if (filterElem) {
+				filterElem.addEventListener("keyup", filter);
+			}
+
+			document.getElementById("layout-list").addEventListener("click", function() {
+				queryParam('layout', '');
+			});
+			document.getElementById("layout-grid").addEventListener("click", function() {
+				queryParam('layout', 'grid');
+			});
+
+			window.addEventListener("load", initPage);
+
 			function queryParam(k, v) {
 				const qs = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
 				if (!v) {

modules/caddyhttp/fileserver/browsetplcontext.go

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/dustin/go-humanize"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
@@ -57,9 +59,9 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) directoryListing(ctx context.Context, fileSystem fs.FS,
 
 		info, err := entry.Info()
 		if err != nil {
-			fsrv.logger.Error("could not get info about directory entry",
-				zap.String("name", entry.Name()),
-				zap.String("root", root))
+			if c := fsrv.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "could not get info about directory entry"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(zap.String("name", entry.Name()), zap.String("root", root))
+			}
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -80,6 +82,13 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) directoryListing(ctx context.Context, fileSystem fs.FS,
 		}
 
 		size := info.Size()
+
+		if !isDir {
+			// increase the total by the symlink's size, not the target's size,
+			// by incrementing before we follow the symlink
+			tplCtx.TotalFileSize += size
+		}
+
 		fileIsSymlink := isSymlink(info)
 		symlinkPath := ""
 		if fileIsSymlink {
@@ -103,7 +112,8 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) directoryListing(ctx context.Context, fileSystem fs.FS,
 		}
 
 		if !isDir {
-			tplCtx.TotalFileSize += size
+			// increase the total including the symlink target's size
+			tplCtx.TotalFileSizeFollowingSymlinks += size
 		}
 
 		u := url.URL{Path: "./" + name} // prepend with "./" to fix paths with ':' in the name
@@ -150,9 +160,15 @@ type browseTemplateContext struct {
 	// The number of files (items that aren't directories) in the listing.
 	NumFiles int `json:"num_files"`
 
-	// The total size of all files in the listing.
+	// The total size of all files in the listing. Only includes the
+	// size of the files themselves, not the size of symlink targets
+	// (i.e. the calculation of this value does not follow symlinks).
 	TotalFileSize int64 `json:"total_file_size"`
 
+	// The total size of all files in the listing, including the
+	// size of the files targeted by symlinks.
+	TotalFileSizeFollowingSymlinks int64 `json:"total_file_size_following_symlinks"`
+
 	// Sort column used
 	Sort string `json:"sort,omitempty"`
 
@@ -266,12 +282,9 @@ type fileInfo struct {
 
 // HasExt returns true if the filename has any of the given suffixes, case-insensitive.
 func (fi fileInfo) HasExt(exts ...string) bool {
-	for _, ext := range exts {
-		if strings.HasSuffix(strings.ToLower(fi.Name), strings.ToLower(ext)) {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
+	return slices.ContainsFunc(exts, func(ext string) bool {
+		return strings.HasSuffix(strings.ToLower(fi.Name), strings.ToLower(ext))
+	})
 }
 
 // HumanSize returns the size of the file as a
@@ -288,6 +301,12 @@ func (btc browseTemplateContext) HumanTotalFileSize() string {
 	return humanize.IBytes(uint64(btc.TotalFileSize))
 }
 
+// HumanTotalFileSizeFollowingSymlinks is the same as HumanTotalFileSize
+// except the returned value reflects the size of symlink targets.
+func (btc browseTemplateContext) HumanTotalFileSizeFollowingSymlinks() string {
+	return humanize.IBytes(uint64(btc.TotalFileSizeFollowingSymlinks))
+}
+
 // HumanModTime returns the modified time of the file
 // as a human-readable string given by format.
 func (fi fileInfo) HumanModTime(format string) string {
@@ -353,4 +372,7 @@ const (
 	sortByNameDirFirst = "namedirfirst"
 	sortBySize         = "size"
 	sortByTime         = "time"
+
+	sortOrderAsc  = "asc"
+	sortOrderDesc = "desc"
 )

modules/caddyhttp/fileserver/caddyfile.go

@@ -119,6 +119,16 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) error {
 						return d.Err("Symlinks path reveal is already enabled")
 					}
 					fsrv.Browse.RevealSymlinks = true
+				case "sort":
+					for d.NextArg() {
+						dVal := d.Val()
+						switch dVal {
+						case sortByName, sortByNameDirFirst, sortBySize, sortByTime, sortOrderAsc, sortOrderDesc:
+							fsrv.Browse.SortOptions = append(fsrv.Browse.SortOptions, dVal)
+						default:
+							return d.Errf("unknown sort option '%s'", dVal)
+						}
+					}
 				default:
 					return d.Errf("unknown subdirective '%s'", d.Val())
 				}

modules/caddyhttp/fileserver/matcher.go

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/google/cel-go/common/types/ref"
 	"github.com/google/cel-go/parser"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
@@ -224,7 +225,7 @@ func celFileMatcherMacroExpander() parser.MacroExpander {
 	return func(eh parser.ExprHelper, target ast.Expr, args []ast.Expr) (ast.Expr, *common.Error) {
 		if len(args) == 0 {
 			return eh.NewCall("file",
-				eh.NewIdent("request"),
+				eh.NewIdent(caddyhttp.CELRequestVarName),
 				eh.NewMap(),
 			), nil
 		}
@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@ func celFileMatcherMacroExpander() parser.MacroExpander {
 			arg := args[0]
 			if isCELStringLiteral(arg) || isCELCaddyPlaceholderCall(arg) {
 				return eh.NewCall("file",
-					eh.NewIdent("request"),
+					eh.NewIdent(caddyhttp.CELRequestVarName),
 					eh.NewMap(eh.NewMapEntry(
 						eh.NewLiteral(types.String("try_files")),
 						eh.NewList(arg),
@@ -241,7 +242,7 @@ func celFileMatcherMacroExpander() parser.MacroExpander {
 				), nil
 			}
 			if isCELTryFilesLiteral(arg) {
-				return eh.NewCall("file", eh.NewIdent("request"), arg), nil
+				return eh.NewCall("file", eh.NewIdent(caddyhttp.CELRequestVarName), arg), nil
 			}
 			return nil, &common.Error{
 				Location: eh.OffsetLocation(arg.ID()),
@@ -258,7 +259,7 @@ func celFileMatcherMacroExpander() parser.MacroExpander {
 			}
 		}
 		return eh.NewCall("file",
-			eh.NewIdent("request"),
+			eh.NewIdent(caddyhttp.CELRequestVarName),
 			eh.NewMap(eh.NewMapEntry(
 				eh.NewLiteral(types.String("try_files")),
 				eh.NewList(args...),
@@ -326,7 +327,9 @@ func (m MatchFile) selectFile(r *http.Request) (matched bool) {
 
 	fileSystem, ok := m.fsmap.Get(fsName)
 	if !ok {
-		m.logger.Error("use of unregistered filesystem", zap.String("fs", fsName))
+		if c := m.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "use of unregistered filesystem"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(zap.String("fs", fsName))
+		}
 		return false
 	}
 	type matchCandidate struct {
@@ -356,7 +359,10 @@ func (m MatchFile) selectFile(r *http.Request) (matched bool) {
 			return val, nil
 		})
 		if err != nil {
-			m.logger.Error("evaluating placeholders", zap.Error(err))
+			if c := m.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "evaluating placeholders"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(zap.Error(err))
+			}
+
 			expandedFile = file // "oh well," I guess?
 		}
 
@@ -379,7 +385,9 @@ func (m MatchFile) selectFile(r *http.Request) (matched bool) {
 		} else {
 			globResults, err = fs.Glob(fileSystem, fullPattern)
 			if err != nil {
-				m.logger.Error("expanding glob", zap.Error(err))
+				if c := m.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "expanding glob"); c != nil {
+					c.Write(zap.Error(err))
+				}
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -626,7 +634,7 @@ func isCELCaddyPlaceholderCall(e ast.Expr) bool {
 	switch e.Kind() {
 	case ast.CallKind:
 		call := e.AsCall()
-		if call.FunctionName() == "caddyPlaceholder" {
+		if call.FunctionName() == caddyhttp.CELPlaceholderFuncName {
 			return true
 		}
 	case ast.UnspecifiedExprKind, ast.ComprehensionKind, ast.IdentKind, ast.ListKind, ast.LiteralKind, ast.MapKind, ast.SelectKind, ast.StructKind:

modules/caddyhttp/fileserver/staticfiles.go

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
@@ -236,6 +237,24 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 		fsrv.precompressors[ae] = p
 	}
 
+	if fsrv.Browse != nil {
+		// check sort options
+		for idx, sortOption := range fsrv.Browse.SortOptions {
+			switch idx {
+			case 0:
+				if sortOption != sortByName && sortOption != sortByNameDirFirst && sortOption != sortBySize && sortOption != sortByTime {
+					return fmt.Errorf("the first option must be one of the following: %s, %s, %s, %s, but got %s", sortByName, sortByNameDirFirst, sortBySize, sortByTime, sortOption)
+				}
+			case 1:
+				if sortOption != sortOrderAsc && sortOption != sortOrderDesc {
+					return fmt.Errorf("the second option must be one of the following: %s, %s, but got %s", sortOrderAsc, sortOrderDesc, sortOption)
+				}
+			default:
+				return fmt.Errorf("only max 2 sort options are allowed, but got %d", idx+1)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -268,11 +287,14 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next c
 	// remove any trailing `/` as it breaks fs.ValidPath() in the stdlib
 	filename := strings.TrimSuffix(caddyhttp.SanitizedPathJoin(root, r.URL.Path), "/")
 
-	fsrv.logger.Debug("sanitized path join",
-		zap.String("site_root", root),
-		zap.String("fs", fsName),
-		zap.String("request_path", r.URL.Path),
-		zap.String("result", filename))
+	if c := fsrv.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "sanitized path join"); c != nil {
+		c.Write(
+			zap.String("site_root", root),
+			zap.String("fs", fsName),
+			zap.String("request_path", r.URL.Path),
+			zap.String("result", filename),
+		)
+	}
 
 	// get information about the file
 	info, err := fs.Stat(fileSystem, filename)
@@ -295,9 +317,12 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next c
 			indexPath := caddyhttp.SanitizedPathJoin(filename, indexPage)
 			if fileHidden(indexPath, filesToHide) {
 				// pretend this file doesn't exist
-				fsrv.logger.Debug("hiding index file",
-					zap.String("filename", indexPath),
-					zap.Strings("files_to_hide", filesToHide))
+				if c := fsrv.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "hiding index file"); c != nil {
+					c.Write(
+						zap.String("filename", indexPath),
+						zap.Strings("files_to_hide", filesToHide),
+					)
+				}
 				continue
 			}
 
@@ -317,7 +342,9 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next c
 			info = indexInfo
 			filename = indexPath
 			implicitIndexFile = true
-			fsrv.logger.Debug("located index file", zap.String("filename", filename))
+			if c := fsrv.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "located index file"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(zap.String("filename", filename))
+			}
 			break
 		}
 	}
@@ -325,9 +352,12 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next c
 	// if still referencing a directory, delegate
 	// to browse or return an error
 	if info.IsDir() {
-		fsrv.logger.Debug("no index file in directory",
-			zap.String("path", filename),
-			zap.Strings("index_filenames", fsrv.IndexNames))
+		if c := fsrv.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "no index file in directory"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(
+				zap.String("path", filename),
+				zap.Strings("index_filenames", fsrv.IndexNames),
+			)
+		}
 		if fsrv.Browse != nil && !fileHidden(filename, filesToHide) {
 			return fsrv.serveBrowse(fileSystem, root, filename, w, r, next)
 		}
@@ -337,9 +367,12 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next c
 	// one last check to ensure the file isn't hidden (we might
 	// have changed the filename from when we last checked)
 	if fileHidden(filename, filesToHide) {
-		fsrv.logger.Debug("hiding file",
-			zap.String("filename", filename),
-			zap.Strings("files_to_hide", filesToHide))
+		if c := fsrv.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "hiding file"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(
+				zap.String("filename", filename),
+				zap.Strings("files_to_hide", filesToHide),
+			)
+		}
 		return fsrv.notFound(w, r, next)
 	}
 
@@ -357,15 +390,21 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next c
 		if path.Base(origReq.URL.Path) == path.Base(r.URL.Path) {
 			if implicitIndexFile && !strings.HasSuffix(origReq.URL.Path, "/") {
 				to := origReq.URL.Path + "/"
-				fsrv.logger.Debug("redirecting to canonical URI (adding trailing slash for directory)",
-					zap.String("from_path", origReq.URL.Path),
-					zap.String("to_path", to))
+				if c := fsrv.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "redirecting to canonical URI (adding trailing slash for directory"); c != nil {
+					c.Write(
+						zap.String("from_path", origReq.URL.Path),
+						zap.String("to_path", to),
+					)
+				}
 				return redirect(w, r, to)
 			} else if !implicitIndexFile && strings.HasSuffix(origReq.URL.Path, "/") {
 				to := origReq.URL.Path[:len(origReq.URL.Path)-1]
-				fsrv.logger.Debug("redirecting to canonical URI (removing trailing slash for file)",
-					zap.String("from_path", origReq.URL.Path),
-					zap.String("to_path", to))
+				if c := fsrv.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "redirecting to canonical URI (removing trailing slash for file"); c != nil {
+					c.Write(
+						zap.String("from_path", origReq.URL.Path),
+						zap.String("to_path", to),
+					)
+				}
 				return redirect(w, r, to)
 			}
 		}
@@ -393,13 +432,19 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next c
 		compressedFilename := filename + precompress.Suffix()
 		compressedInfo, err := fs.Stat(fileSystem, compressedFilename)
 		if err != nil || compressedInfo.IsDir() {
-			fsrv.logger.Debug("precompressed file not accessible", zap.String("filename", compressedFilename), zap.Error(err))
+			if c := fsrv.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "precompressed file not accessible"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(zap.String("filename", compressedFilename), zap.Error(err))
+			}
 			continue
 		}
-		fsrv.logger.Debug("opening compressed sidecar file", zap.String("filename", compressedFilename), zap.Error(err))
+		if c := fsrv.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "opening compressed sidecar file"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(zap.String("filename", compressedFilename), zap.Error(err))
+		}
 		file, err = fsrv.openFile(fileSystem, compressedFilename, w)
 		if err != nil {
-			fsrv.logger.Warn("opening precompressed file failed", zap.String("filename", compressedFilename), zap.Error(err))
+			if c := fsrv.logger.Check(zapcore.WarnLevel, "opening precompressed file failed"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(zap.String("filename", compressedFilename), zap.Error(err))
+			}
 			if caddyErr, ok := err.(caddyhttp.HandlerError); ok && caddyErr.StatusCode == http.StatusServiceUnavailable {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -430,7 +475,9 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next c
 
 	// no precompressed file found, use the actual file
 	if file == nil {
-		fsrv.logger.Debug("opening file", zap.String("filename", filename))
+		if c := fsrv.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "opening file"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(zap.String("filename", filename))
+		}
 
 		// open the file
 		file, err = fsrv.openFile(fileSystem, filename, w)
@@ -530,10 +577,14 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) openFile(fileSystem fs.FS, filename string, w http.Respo
 	if err != nil {
 		err = fsrv.mapDirOpenError(fileSystem, err, filename)
 		if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
-			fsrv.logger.Debug("file not found", zap.String("filename", filename), zap.Error(err))
+			if c := fsrv.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "file not found"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(zap.String("filename", filename), zap.Error(err))
+			}
 			return nil, caddyhttp.Error(http.StatusNotFound, err)
 		} else if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrPermission) {
-			fsrv.logger.Debug("permission denied", zap.String("filename", filename), zap.Error(err))
+			if c := fsrv.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "permission denied"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(zap.String("filename", filename), zap.Error(err))
+			}
 			return nil, caddyhttp.Error(http.StatusForbidden, err)
 		}
 		// maybe the server is under load and ran out of file descriptors?
@@ -541,7 +592,9 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) openFile(fileSystem fs.FS, filename string, w http.Respo
 		//nolint:gosec
 		backoff := weakrand.Intn(maxBackoff-minBackoff) + minBackoff
 		w.Header().Set("Retry-After", strconv.Itoa(backoff))
-		fsrv.logger.Debug("retry after backoff", zap.String("filename", filename), zap.Int("backoff", backoff), zap.Error(err))
+		if c := fsrv.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "retry after backoff"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(zap.String("filename", filename), zap.Int("backoff", backoff), zap.Error(err))
+		}
 		return nil, caddyhttp.Error(http.StatusServiceUnavailable, err)
 	}
 	return file, nil

modules/caddyhttp/headers/headers.go

@@ -135,13 +135,14 @@ type HeaderOps struct {
 func (ops *HeaderOps) Provision(_ caddy.Context) error {
 	for fieldName, replacements := range ops.Replace {
 		for i, r := range replacements {
-			if r.SearchRegexp != "" {
-				re, err := regexp.Compile(r.SearchRegexp)
-				if err != nil {
-					return fmt.Errorf("replacement %d for header field '%s': %v", i, fieldName, err)
-				}
-				replacements[i].re = re
+			if r.SearchRegexp == "" {
+				continue
 			}
+			re, err := regexp.Compile(r.SearchRegexp)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("replacement %d for header field '%s': %v", i, fieldName, err)
+			}
+			replacements[i].re = re
 		}
 	}
 	return nil

modules/caddyhttp/intercept/intercept.go

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
@@ -50,7 +51,6 @@ type Intercept struct {
 	//
 	// Three new placeholders are available in this handler chain:
 	// - `{http.intercept.status_code}` The status code from the response
-	// - `{http.intercept.status_text}` The status text from the response
 	// - `{http.intercept.header.*}` The headers from the response
 	HandleResponse []caddyhttp.ResponseHandler `json:"handle_response,omitempty"`
 
@@ -161,12 +161,14 @@ func (ir Intercept) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next caddy
 
 	// set up the replacer so that parts of the original response can be
 	// used for routing decisions
-	for field, value := range r.Header {
+	for field, value := range rec.Header() {
 		repl.Set("http.intercept.header."+field, strings.Join(value, ","))
 	}
 	repl.Set("http.intercept.status_code", rec.Status())
 
-	ir.logger.Debug("handling response", zap.Int("handler", rec.handlerIndex))
+	if c := ir.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "handling response"); c != nil {
+		c.Write(zap.Int("handler", rec.handlerIndex))
+	}
 
 	// pass the request through the response handler routes
 	return rec.handler.Routes.Compile(next).ServeHTTP(w, r)

modules/caddyhttp/ip_matchers.go

@@ -26,9 +26,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/google/cel-go/cel"
 	"github.com/google/cel-go/common/types/ref"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/internal"
 )
 
 // MatchRemoteIP matches requests by the remote IP address,
@@ -79,7 +81,7 @@ func (m *MatchRemoteIP) UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) error {
 				return d.Err("the 'forwarded' option is no longer supported; use the 'client_ip' matcher instead")
 			}
 			if d.Val() == "private_ranges" {
-				m.Ranges = append(m.Ranges, PrivateRangesCIDR()...)
+				m.Ranges = append(m.Ranges, internal.PrivateRangesCIDR()...)
 				continue
 			}
 			m.Ranges = append(m.Ranges, d.Val())
@@ -143,15 +145,23 @@ func (m *MatchRemoteIP) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 
 // Match returns true if r matches m.
 func (m MatchRemoteIP) Match(r *http.Request) bool {
+	if r.TLS != nil && !r.TLS.HandshakeComplete {
+		return false // if handshake is not finished, we infer 0-RTT that has not verified remote IP; could be spoofed
+	}
 	address := r.RemoteAddr
 	clientIP, zoneID, err := parseIPZoneFromString(address)
 	if err != nil {
-		m.logger.Error("getting remote IP", zap.Error(err))
+		if c := m.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "getting remote "); c != nil {
+			c.Write(zap.Error(err))
+		}
+
 		return false
 	}
 	matches, zoneFilter := matchIPByCidrZones(clientIP, zoneID, m.cidrs, m.zones)
 	if !matches && !zoneFilter {
-		m.logger.Debug("zone ID from remote IP did not match", zap.String("zone", zoneID))
+		if c := m.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "zone ID from remote IP did not match"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(zap.String("zone", zoneID))
+		}
 	}
 	return matches
 }
@@ -170,7 +180,7 @@ func (m *MatchClientIP) UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) error {
 	for d.Next() {
 		for d.NextArg() {
 			if d.Val() == "private_ranges" {
-				m.Ranges = append(m.Ranges, PrivateRangesCIDR()...)
+				m.Ranges = append(m.Ranges, internal.PrivateRangesCIDR()...)
 				continue
 			}
 			m.Ranges = append(m.Ranges, d.Val())
@@ -228,6 +238,9 @@ func (m *MatchClientIP) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 
 // Match returns true if r matches m.
 func (m MatchClientIP) Match(r *http.Request) bool {
+	if r.TLS != nil && !r.TLS.HandshakeComplete {
+		return false // if handshake is not finished, we infer 0-RTT that has not verified remote IP; could be spoofed
+	}
 	address := GetVar(r.Context(), ClientIPVarKey).(string)
 	clientIP, zoneID, err := parseIPZoneFromString(address)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -244,7 +257,9 @@ func (m MatchClientIP) Match(r *http.Request) bool {
 func provisionCidrsZonesFromRanges(ranges []string) ([]*netip.Prefix, []string, error) {
 	cidrs := []*netip.Prefix{}
 	zones := []string{}
+	repl := caddy.NewReplacer()
 	for _, str := range ranges {
+		str = repl.ReplaceAll(str, "")
 		// Exclude the zone_id from the IP
 		if strings.Contains(str, "%") {
 			split := strings.Split(str, "%")

modules/caddyhttp/ip_range.go

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/internal"
 )
 
 func init() {
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ func (m *StaticIPRange) UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) error {
 	}
 	for d.NextArg() {
 		if d.Val() == "private_ranges" {
-			m.Ranges = append(m.Ranges, PrivateRangesCIDR()...)
+			m.Ranges = append(m.Ranges, internal.PrivateRangesCIDR()...)
 			continue
 		}
 		m.Ranges = append(m.Ranges, d.Val())
@@ -121,22 +122,16 @@ func CIDRExpressionToPrefix(expr string) (netip.Prefix, error) {
 	return prefix, nil
 }
 
-// PrivateRangesCIDR returns a list of private CIDR range
-// strings, which can be used as a configuration shortcut.
-func PrivateRangesCIDR() []string {
-	return []string{
-		"192.168.0.0/16",
-		"172.16.0.0/12",
-		"10.0.0.0/8",
-		"127.0.0.1/8",
-		"fd00::/8",
-		"::1",
-	}
-}
-
 // Interface guards
 var (
 	_ caddy.Provisioner     = (*StaticIPRange)(nil)
 	_ caddyfile.Unmarshaler = (*StaticIPRange)(nil)
 	_ IPRangeSource         = (*StaticIPRange)(nil)
 )
+
+// PrivateRangesCIDR returns a list of private CIDR range
+// strings, which can be used as a configuration shortcut.
+// Note: this function is used at least by mholt/caddy-l4.
+func PrivateRangesCIDR() []string {
+	return internal.PrivateRangesCIDR()
+}

modules/caddyhttp/logging.go

@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ func (sa *StringArray) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
 // to use, the error log message, and any extra fields.
 // If err is a HandlerError, the returned values will
 // have richer information.
-func errLogValues(err error) (status int, msg string, fields []zapcore.Field) {
+func errLogValues(err error) (status int, msg string, fields func() []zapcore.Field) {
 	var handlerErr HandlerError
 	if errors.As(err, &handlerErr) {
 		status = handlerErr.StatusCode
@@ -202,10 +202,12 @@ func errLogValues(err error) (status int, msg string, fields []zapcore.Field) {
 		} else {
 			msg = handlerErr.Err.Error()
 		}
-		fields = []zapcore.Field{
-			zap.Int("status", handlerErr.StatusCode),
-			zap.String("err_id", handlerErr.ID),
-			zap.String("err_trace", handlerErr.Trace),
+		fields = func() []zapcore.Field {
+			return []zapcore.Field{
+				zap.Int("status", handlerErr.StatusCode),
+				zap.String("err_id", handlerErr.ID),
+				zap.String("err_trace", handlerErr.Trace),
+			}
 		}
 		return
 	}

modules/caddyhttp/map/map.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"regexp"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ func (h Handler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next caddyhtt
 	// defer work until a variable is actually evaluated by using replacer's Map callback
 	repl.Map(func(key string) (any, bool) {
 		// return early if the variable is not even a configured destination
-		destIdx := h.destinationIndex(key)
+		destIdx := slices.Index(h.Destinations, key)
 		if destIdx < 0 {
 			return nil, false
 		}
@@ -170,17 +171,6 @@ func (h Handler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next caddyhtt
 	return next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
 }
 
-// destinationIndex returns the positional index of the destination
-// is name is a known destination; otherwise it returns -1.
-func (h Handler) destinationIndex(name string) int {
-	for i, dest := range h.Destinations {
-		if dest == name {
-			return i
-		}
-	}
-	return -1
-}
-
 // Mapping describes a mapping from input to outputs.
 type Mapping struct {
 	// The input value to match. Must be distinct from other mappings.

modules/caddyhttp/matchers.go

@@ -178,6 +178,22 @@ type (
 	// "http/2", "http/3", or minimum versions: "http/2+", etc.
 	MatchProtocol string
 
+	// MatchTLS matches HTTP requests based on the underlying
+	// TLS connection state. If this matcher is specified but
+	// the request did not come over TLS, it will never match.
+	// If this matcher is specified but is empty and the request
+	// did come in over TLS, it will always match.
+	MatchTLS struct {
+		// Matches if the TLS handshake has completed. QUIC 0-RTT early
+		// data may arrive before the handshake completes. Generally, it
+		// is unsafe to replay these requests if they are not idempotent;
+		// additionally, the remote IP of early data packets can more
+		// easily be spoofed. It is conventional to respond with HTTP 425
+		// Too Early if the request cannot risk being processed in this
+		// state.
+		HandshakeComplete *bool `json:"handshake_complete,omitempty"`
+	}
+
 	// MatchNot matches requests by negating the results of its matcher
 	// sets. A single "not" matcher takes one or more matcher sets. Each
 	// matcher set is OR'ed; in other words, if any matcher set returns
@@ -213,6 +229,7 @@ func init() {
 	caddy.RegisterModule(MatchHeader{})
 	caddy.RegisterModule(MatchHeaderRE{})
 	caddy.RegisterModule(new(MatchProtocol))
+	caddy.RegisterModule(MatchTLS{})
 	caddy.RegisterModule(MatchNot{})
 }
 
@@ -747,12 +764,7 @@ func (m *MatchMethod) UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) error {
 
 // Match returns true if r matches m.
 func (m MatchMethod) Match(r *http.Request) bool {
-	for _, method := range m {
-		if r.Method == method {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
+	return slices.Contains(m, r.Method)
 }
 
 // CELLibrary produces options that expose this matcher for use in CEL
@@ -1236,6 +1248,53 @@ func (MatchProtocol) CELLibrary(_ caddy.Context) (cel.Library, error) {
 	)
 }
 
+// CaddyModule returns the Caddy module information.
+func (MatchTLS) CaddyModule() caddy.ModuleInfo {
+	return caddy.ModuleInfo{
+		ID:  "http.matchers.tls",
+		New: func() caddy.Module { return new(MatchTLS) },
+	}
+}
+
+// Match returns true if r matches m.
+func (m MatchTLS) Match(r *http.Request) bool {
+	if r.TLS == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if m.HandshakeComplete != nil {
+		if (!*m.HandshakeComplete && r.TLS.HandshakeComplete) ||
+			(*m.HandshakeComplete && !r.TLS.HandshakeComplete) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// UnmarshalCaddyfile parses Caddyfile tokens for this matcher. Syntax:
+//
+// ... tls [early_data]
+//
+// EXPERIMENTAL SYNTAX: Subject to change.
+func (m *MatchTLS) UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) error {
+	// iterate to merge multiple matchers into one
+	for d.Next() {
+		if d.NextArg() {
+			switch d.Val() {
+			case "early_data":
+				var false bool
+				m.HandshakeComplete = &false
+			}
+		}
+		if d.NextArg() {
+			return d.ArgErr()
+		}
+		if d.NextBlock(0) {
+			return d.Err("malformed tls matcher: blocks are not supported yet")
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // CaddyModule returns the Caddy module information.
 func (MatchNot) CaddyModule() caddy.ModuleInfo {
 	return caddy.ModuleInfo{
@@ -1503,8 +1562,8 @@ var (
 	_ CELLibraryProducer = (*MatchHeader)(nil)
 	_ CELLibraryProducer = (*MatchHeaderRE)(nil)
 	_ CELLibraryProducer = (*MatchProtocol)(nil)
-	// _ CELLibraryProducer = (*VarsMatcher)(nil)
-	// _ CELLibraryProducer = (*MatchVarsRE)(nil)
+	_ CELLibraryProducer = (*VarsMatcher)(nil)
+	_ CELLibraryProducer = (*MatchVarsRE)(nil)
 
 	_ json.Marshaler   = (*MatchNot)(nil)
 	_ json.Unmarshaler = (*MatchNot)(nil)

modules/caddyhttp/proxyprotocol/listenerwrapper.go

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ type ListenerWrapper struct {
 	Allow []string `json:"allow,omitempty"`
 	allow []netip.Prefix
 
-	// Denby is an optional list of CIDR ranges to
+	// Deny is an optional list of CIDR ranges to
 	// deny PROXY headers from.
 	Deny []string `json:"deny,omitempty"`
 	deny []netip.Prefix
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ type ListenerWrapper struct {
 	// Policy definitions are here: https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/pires/go-proxyproto@v0.7.0#Policy
 	FallbackPolicy Policy `json:"fallback_policy,omitempty"`
 
-	policy goproxy.PolicyFunc
+	policy goproxy.ConnPolicyFunc
 }
 
 // Provision sets up the listener wrapper.
@@ -69,13 +69,14 @@ func (pp *ListenerWrapper) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 		}
 		pp.deny = append(pp.deny, ipnet)
 	}
-	pp.policy = func(upstream net.Addr) (goproxy.Policy, error) {
+
+	pp.policy = func(options goproxy.ConnPolicyOptions) (goproxy.Policy, error) {
 		// trust unix sockets
-		if network := upstream.Network(); caddy.IsUnixNetwork(network) {
+		if network := options.Upstream.Network(); caddy.IsUnixNetwork(network) || caddy.IsFdNetwork(network) {
 			return goproxy.USE, nil
 		}
 		ret := pp.FallbackPolicy
-		host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(upstream.String())
+		host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(options.Upstream.String())
 		if err != nil {
 			return goproxy.REJECT, err
 		}
@@ -106,6 +107,6 @@ func (pp *ListenerWrapper) WrapListener(l net.Listener) net.Listener {
 		Listener:          l,
 		ReadHeaderTimeout: time.Duration(pp.Timeout),
 	}
-	pl.Policy = pp.policy
+	pl.ConnPolicy = pp.policy
 	return pl
 }

modules/caddyhttp/push/handler.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
@@ -92,14 +93,17 @@ func (h Handler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next caddyhtt
 
 	// push first!
 	for _, resource := range h.Resources {
-		h.logger.Debug("pushing resource",
-			zap.String("uri", r.RequestURI),
-			zap.String("push_method", resource.Method),
-			zap.String("push_target", resource.Target),
-			zap.Object("push_headers", caddyhttp.LoggableHTTPHeader{
-				Header:               hdr,
-				ShouldLogCredentials: shouldLogCredentials,
-			}))
+		if c := h.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "pushing resource"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(
+				zap.String("uri", r.RequestURI),
+				zap.String("push_method", resource.Method),
+				zap.String("push_target", resource.Target),
+				zap.Object("push_headers", caddyhttp.LoggableHTTPHeader{
+					Header:               hdr,
+					ShouldLogCredentials: shouldLogCredentials,
+				}),
+			)
+		}
 		err := pusher.Push(repl.ReplaceAll(resource.Target, "."), &http.PushOptions{
 			Method: resource.Method,
 			Header: hdr,
@@ -209,7 +213,9 @@ func (lp linkPusher) WriteHeader(statusCode int) {
 	if links, ok := lp.ResponseWriter.Header()["Link"]; ok {
 		// only initiate these pushes if it hasn't been done yet
 		if val := caddyhttp.GetVar(lp.request.Context(), pushedLink); val == nil {
-			lp.handler.logger.Debug("pushing Link resources", zap.Strings("linked", links))
+			if c := lp.handler.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "pushing Link resources"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(zap.Strings("linked", links))
+			}
 			caddyhttp.SetVar(lp.request.Context(), pushedLink, true)
 			lp.handler.servePreloadLinks(lp.pusher, lp.header, links)
 		}

modules/caddyhttp/replacer.go

@@ -142,8 +142,16 @@ func addHTTPVarsToReplacer(repl *caddy.Replacer, req *http.Request, w http.Respo
 				}
 				return port, true
 			case "http.request.remote":
+				if req.TLS != nil && !req.TLS.HandshakeComplete {
+					// without a complete handshake (QUIC "early data") we can't trust the remote IP address to not be spoofed
+					return nil, true
+				}
 				return req.RemoteAddr, true
 			case "http.request.remote.host":
+				if req.TLS != nil && !req.TLS.HandshakeComplete {
+					// without a complete handshake (QUIC "early data") we can't trust the remote IP address to not be spoofed
+					return nil, true
+				}
 				host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(req.RemoteAddr)
 				if err != nil {
 					// req.RemoteAddr is host:port for tcp and udp sockets and /unix/socket.path

modules/caddyhttp/requestbody/requestbody.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
@@ -69,12 +70,16 @@ func (rb RequestBody) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next cad
 		rc := http.NewResponseController(w)
 		if rb.ReadTimeout > 0 {
 			if err := rc.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(rb.ReadTimeout)); err != nil {
-				rb.logger.Error("could not set read deadline", zap.Error(err))
+				if c := rb.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "could not set read deadline"); c != nil {
+					c.Write(zap.Error(err))
+				}
 			}
 		}
 		if rb.WriteTimeout > 0 {
 			if err := rc.SetWriteDeadline(time.Now().Add(rb.WriteTimeout)); err != nil {
-				rb.logger.Error("could not set write deadline", zap.Error(err))
+				if c := rb.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "could not set write deadline"); c != nil {
+					c.Write(zap.Error(err))
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}

modules/caddyhttp/responsewriter.go

@@ -42,9 +42,13 @@ func (rww *ResponseWriterWrapper) Push(target string, opts *http.PushOptions) er
 	return ErrNotImplemented
 }
 
-// ReadFrom implements io.ReaderFrom. It simply calls io.Copy,
-// which uses io.ReaderFrom if available.
+// ReadFrom implements io.ReaderFrom. It retries to use io.ReaderFrom if available,
+// then fallback to io.Copy.
+// see: https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/issues/6546
 func (rww *ResponseWriterWrapper) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (n int64, err error) {
+	if rf, ok := rww.ResponseWriter.(io.ReaderFrom); ok {
+		return rf.ReadFrom(r)
+	}
 	return io.Copy(rww.ResponseWriter, r)
 }
 

modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy/addresses.go

@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ func parseUpstreamDialAddress(upstreamAddr string) (parsedAddr, error) {
 		}
 		// we can assume a port if only a hostname is specified, but use of a
 		// placeholder without a port likely means a port will be filled in
-		if port == "" && !strings.Contains(host, "{") && !caddy.IsUnixNetwork(network) {
+		if port == "" && !strings.Contains(host, "{") && !caddy.IsUnixNetwork(network) && !caddy.IsFdNetwork(network) {
 			port = "80"
 		}
 	}

modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy/caddyfile.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package reverseproxy
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"reflect"
 	"strconv"
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile"
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/internal"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp/headers"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp/rewrite"
@@ -67,14 +69,16 @@ func parseCaddyfile(h httpcaddyfile.Helper) (caddyhttp.MiddlewareHandler, error)
 //	    lb_retry_match <request-matcher>
 //
 //	    # active health checking
-//	    health_uri      <uri>
-//	    health_port     <port>
-//	    health_interval <interval>
-//	    health_passes   <num>
-//	    health_fails    <num>
-//	    health_timeout  <duration>
-//	    health_status   <status>
-//	    health_body     <regexp>
+//	    health_uri          <uri>
+//	    health_port         <port>
+//	    health_interval     <interval>
+//	    health_passes       <num>
+//	    health_fails        <num>
+//	    health_timeout      <duration>
+//	    health_status       <status>
+//	    health_body         <regexp>
+//	    health_method       <value>
+//	    health_request_body <value>
 //	    health_follow_redirects
 //	    health_headers {
 //	        <field> [<values...>]
@@ -89,12 +93,11 @@ func parseCaddyfile(h httpcaddyfile.Helper) (caddyhttp.MiddlewareHandler, error)
 //
 //	    # streaming
 //	    flush_interval     <duration>
-//	    buffer_requests
-//	    buffer_responses
-//	    max_buffer_size    <size>
+//	    request_buffers    <size>
+//	    response_buffers   <size>
 //	    stream_timeout     <duration>
 //	    stream_close_delay <duration>
-//	    trace_logs
+//	    verbose_logs
 //
 //	    # request manipulation
 //	    trusted_proxies [private_ranges] <ranges...>
@@ -353,6 +356,26 @@ func (h *Handler) UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) error {
 			h.HealthChecks.Active.Path = d.Val()
 			caddy.Log().Named("config.adapter.caddyfile").Warn("the 'health_path' subdirective is deprecated, please use 'health_uri' instead!")
 
+		case "health_upstream":
+			if !d.NextArg() {
+				return d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			if h.HealthChecks == nil {
+				h.HealthChecks = new(HealthChecks)
+			}
+			if h.HealthChecks.Active == nil {
+				h.HealthChecks.Active = new(ActiveHealthChecks)
+			}
+			_, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(d.Val())
+			if err != nil {
+				return d.Errf("health_upstream is malformed '%s': %v", d.Val(), err)
+			}
+			_, err = strconv.Atoi(port)
+			if err != nil {
+				return d.Errf("bad port number '%s': %v", d.Val(), err)
+			}
+			h.HealthChecks.Active.Upstream = d.Val()
+
 		case "health_port":
 			if !d.NextArg() {
 				return d.ArgErr()
@@ -363,6 +386,9 @@ func (h *Handler) UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) error {
 			if h.HealthChecks.Active == nil {
 				h.HealthChecks.Active = new(ActiveHealthChecks)
 			}
+			if h.HealthChecks.Active.Upstream != "" {
+				return d.Errf("the 'health_port' subdirective is ignored if 'health_upstream' is used!")
+			}
 			portNum, err := strconv.Atoi(d.Val())
 			if err != nil {
 				return d.Errf("bad port number '%s': %v", d.Val(), err)
@@ -387,6 +413,30 @@ func (h *Handler) UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) error {
 			}
 			h.HealthChecks.Active.Headers = healthHeaders
 
+		case "health_method":
+			if !d.NextArg() {
+				return d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			if h.HealthChecks == nil {
+				h.HealthChecks = new(HealthChecks)
+			}
+			if h.HealthChecks.Active == nil {
+				h.HealthChecks.Active = new(ActiveHealthChecks)
+			}
+			h.HealthChecks.Active.Method = d.Val()
+
+		case "health_request_body":
+			if !d.NextArg() {
+				return d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			if h.HealthChecks == nil {
+				h.HealthChecks = new(HealthChecks)
+			}
+			if h.HealthChecks.Active == nil {
+				h.HealthChecks.Active = new(ActiveHealthChecks)
+			}
+			h.HealthChecks.Active.Body = d.Val()
+
 		case "health_interval":
 			if !d.NextArg() {
 				return d.ArgErr()
@@ -651,7 +701,7 @@ func (h *Handler) UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) error {
 		case "trusted_proxies":
 			for d.NextArg() {
 				if d.Val() == "private_ranges" {
-					h.TrustedProxies = append(h.TrustedProxies, caddyhttp.PrivateRangesCIDR()...)
+					h.TrustedProxies = append(h.TrustedProxies, internal.PrivateRangesCIDR()...)
 					continue
 				}
 				h.TrustedProxies = append(h.TrustedProxies, d.Val())
@@ -1275,7 +1325,11 @@ func (h *HTTPTransport) UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) error {
 				return d.Err("cannot specify \"tls_trust_pool\" twice in caddyfile")
 			}
 			h.TLS.CARaw = caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(ca, "provider", modStem, nil)
-
+		case "local_address":
+			if !d.NextArg() {
+				return d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			h.LocalAddress = d.Val()
 		default:
 			return d.Errf("unrecognized subdirective %s", d.Val())
 		}

modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy/command.go

@@ -229,11 +229,13 @@ func cmdReverseProxy(fs caddycmd.Flags) (int, error) {
 
 	if changeHost {
 		if handler.Headers == nil {
-			handler.Headers = &headers.Handler{
-				Request: &headers.HeaderOps{
-					Set: http.Header{},
-				},
-			}
+			handler.Headers = new(headers.Handler)
+		}
+		if handler.Headers.Request == nil {
+			handler.Headers.Request = new(headers.HeaderOps)
+		}
+		if handler.Headers.Request.Set == nil {
+			handler.Headers.Request.Set = http.Header{}
 		}
 		handler.Headers.Request.Set.Set("Host", "{http.reverse_proxy.upstream.hostport}")
 	}

modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy/fastcgi/client.go

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 )
 
 // FCGIListenSockFileno describes listen socket file number.
@@ -184,10 +185,13 @@ func (f clientCloser) Close() error {
 		return f.rwc.Close()
 	}
 
+	logLevel := zapcore.WarnLevel
 	if f.status >= 400 {
-		f.logger.Error("stderr", zap.ByteString("body", stderr))
-	} else {
-		f.logger.Warn("stderr", zap.ByteString("body", stderr))
+		logLevel = zapcore.ErrorLevel
+	}
+
+	if c := f.logger.Check(logLevel, "stderr"); c != nil {
+		c.Write(zap.ByteString("body", stderr))
 	}
 
 	return f.rwc.Close()

modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy/fastcgi/fastcgi.go

@@ -148,10 +148,13 @@ func (t Transport) RoundTrip(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
 		zap.Object("request", loggableReq),
 		zap.Object("env", loggableEnv),
 	)
-	logger.Debug("roundtrip",
-		zap.String("dial", address),
-		zap.Object("env", loggableEnv),
-		zap.Object("request", loggableReq))
+	if c := t.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "roundtrip"); c != nil {
+		c.Write(
+			zap.String("dial", address),
+			zap.Object("env", loggableEnv),
+			zap.Object("request", loggableReq),
+		)
+	}
 
 	// connect to the backend
 	dialer := net.Dialer{Timeout: time.Duration(t.DialTimeout)}

modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy/healthchecks.go

@@ -23,10 +23,13 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"regexp"
 	"runtime/debug"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
@@ -75,13 +78,27 @@ type ActiveHealthChecks struct {
 	// The URI (path and query) to use for health checks
 	URI string `json:"uri,omitempty"`
 
+	// The host:port to use (if different from the upstream's dial address)
+	// for health checks. This should be used in tandem with `health_header` and
+	// `{http.reverse_proxy.active.target_upstream}`. This can be helpful when
+	// creating an intermediate service to do a more thorough health check.
+	// If upstream is set, the active health check port is ignored.
+	Upstream string `json:"upstream,omitempty"`
+
 	// The port to use (if different from the upstream's dial
-	// address) for health checks.
+	// address) for health checks. If active upstream is set,
+	// this value is ignored.
 	Port int `json:"port,omitempty"`
 
 	// HTTP headers to set on health check requests.
 	Headers http.Header `json:"headers,omitempty"`
 
+	// The HTTP method to use for health checks (default "GET").
+	Method string `json:"method,omitempty"`
+
+	// The body to send with the health check request.
+	Body string `json:"body,omitempty"`
+
 	// Whether to follow HTTP redirects in response to active health checks (default off).
 	FollowRedirects bool `json:"follow_redirects,omitempty"`
 
@@ -133,6 +150,11 @@ func (a *ActiveHealthChecks) Provision(ctx caddy.Context, h *Handler) error {
 	}
 	a.Headers = cleaned
 
+	// If Method is not set, default to GET
+	if a.Method == "" {
+		a.Method = http.MethodGet
+	}
+
 	h.HealthChecks.Active.logger = h.logger.Named("health_checker.active")
 
 	timeout := time.Duration(a.Timeout)
@@ -165,9 +187,14 @@ func (a *ActiveHealthChecks) Provision(ctx caddy.Context, h *Handler) error {
 	}
 
 	for _, upstream := range h.Upstreams {
-		// if there's an alternative port for health-check provided in the config,
-		// then use it, otherwise use the port of upstream.
-		if a.Port != 0 {
+		// if there's an alternative upstream for health-check provided in the config,
+		// then use it, otherwise use the upstream's dial address. if upstream is used,
+		// then the port is ignored.
+		if a.Upstream != "" {
+			upstream.activeHealthCheckUpstream = a.Upstream
+		} else if a.Port != 0 {
+			// if there's an alternative port for health-check provided in the config,
+			// then use it, otherwise use the port of upstream.
 			upstream.activeHealthCheckPort = a.Port
 		}
 	}
@@ -245,9 +272,12 @@ type CircuitBreaker interface {
 func (h *Handler) activeHealthChecker() {
 	defer func() {
 		if err := recover(); err != nil {
-			h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Error("active health checker panicked",
-				zap.Any("error", err),
-				zap.ByteString("stack", debug.Stack()))
+			if c := h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "active health checker panicked"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(
+					zap.Any("error", err),
+					zap.ByteString("stack", debug.Stack()),
+				)
+			}
 		}
 	}()
 	ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Duration(h.HealthChecks.Active.Interval))
@@ -270,54 +300,65 @@ func (h *Handler) doActiveHealthCheckForAllHosts() {
 		go func(upstream *Upstream) {
 			defer func() {
 				if err := recover(); err != nil {
-					h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Error("active health check panicked",
-						zap.Any("error", err),
-						zap.ByteString("stack", debug.Stack()))
+					if c := h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "active health checker panicked"); c != nil {
+						c.Write(
+							zap.Any("error", err),
+							zap.ByteString("stack", debug.Stack()),
+						)
+					}
 				}
 			}()
 
 			networkAddr, err := caddy.NewReplacer().ReplaceOrErr(upstream.Dial, true, true)
 			if err != nil {
-				h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Error("invalid use of placeholders in dial address for active health checks",
-					zap.String("address", networkAddr),
-					zap.Error(err),
-				)
+				if c := h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "invalid use of placeholders in dial address for active health checks"); c != nil {
+					c.Write(
+						zap.String("address", networkAddr),
+						zap.Error(err),
+					)
+				}
 				return
 			}
 			addr, err := caddy.ParseNetworkAddress(networkAddr)
 			if err != nil {
-				h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Error("bad network address",
-					zap.String("address", networkAddr),
-					zap.Error(err),
-				)
+				if c := h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "bad network address"); c != nil {
+					c.Write(
+						zap.String("address", networkAddr),
+						zap.Error(err),
+					)
+				}
 				return
 			}
 			if hcp := uint(upstream.activeHealthCheckPort); hcp != 0 {
-				if addr.IsUnixNetwork() {
+				if addr.IsUnixNetwork() || addr.IsFdNetwork() {
 					addr.Network = "tcp" // I guess we just assume TCP since we are using a port??
 				}
 				addr.StartPort, addr.EndPort = hcp, hcp
 			}
 			if addr.PortRangeSize() != 1 {
-				h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Error("multiple addresses (upstream must map to only one address)",
-					zap.String("address", networkAddr),
-				)
+				if c := h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "multiple addresses (upstream must map to only one address)"); c != nil {
+					c.Write(
+						zap.String("address", networkAddr),
+					)
+				}
 				return
 			}
 			hostAddr := addr.JoinHostPort(0)
 			dialAddr := hostAddr
-			if addr.IsUnixNetwork() {
+			if addr.IsUnixNetwork() || addr.IsFdNetwork() {
 				// this will be used as the Host portion of a http.Request URL, and
 				// paths to socket files would produce an error when creating URL,
 				// so use a fake Host value instead; unix sockets are usually local
 				hostAddr = "localhost"
 			}
-			err = h.doActiveHealthCheck(DialInfo{Network: addr.Network, Address: dialAddr}, hostAddr, upstream)
+			err = h.doActiveHealthCheck(DialInfo{Network: addr.Network, Address: dialAddr}, hostAddr, networkAddr, upstream)
 			if err != nil {
-				h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Error("active health check failed",
-					zap.String("address", hostAddr),
-					zap.Error(err),
-				)
+				if c := h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "active health check failed"); c != nil {
+					c.Write(
+						zap.String("address", hostAddr),
+						zap.Error(err),
+					)
+				}
 			}
 		}(upstream)
 	}
@@ -330,7 +371,7 @@ func (h *Handler) doActiveHealthCheckForAllHosts() {
 // according to whether it passes the health check. An error is
 // returned only if the health check fails to occur or if marking
 // the host's health status fails.
-func (h *Handler) doActiveHealthCheck(dialInfo DialInfo, hostAddr string, upstream *Upstream) error {
+func (h *Handler) doActiveHealthCheck(dialInfo DialInfo, hostAddr string, networkAddr string, upstream *Upstream) error {
 	// create the URL for the request that acts as a health check
 	u := &url.URL{
 		Scheme: "http",
@@ -342,7 +383,12 @@ func (h *Handler) doActiveHealthCheck(dialInfo DialInfo, hostAddr string, upstre
 	if err != nil {
 		host = hostAddr
 	}
-	if h.HealthChecks.Active.Port != 0 {
+
+	// ignore active health check port if active upstream is provided as the
+	// active upstream already contains the replacement port
+	if h.HealthChecks.Active.Upstream != "" {
+		u.Host = h.HealthChecks.Active.Upstream
+	} else if h.HealthChecks.Active.Port != 0 {
 		port := strconv.Itoa(h.HealthChecks.Active.Port)
 		u.Host = net.JoinHostPort(host, port)
 	}
@@ -352,12 +398,8 @@ func (h *Handler) doActiveHealthCheck(dialInfo DialInfo, hostAddr string, upstre
 		u.Scheme = "https"
 
 		// if the port is in the except list, flip back to HTTP
-		if ht, ok := h.Transport.(*HTTPTransport); ok {
-			for _, exceptPort := range ht.TLS.ExceptPorts {
-				if exceptPort == port {
-					u.Scheme = "http"
-				}
-			}
+		if ht, ok := h.Transport.(*HTTPTransport); ok && slices.Contains(ht.TLS.ExceptPorts, port) {
+			u.Scheme = "http"
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -370,6 +412,16 @@ func (h *Handler) doActiveHealthCheck(dialInfo DialInfo, hostAddr string, upstre
 		u.Path = h.HealthChecks.Active.Path
 	}
 
+	// replacer used for both body and headers. Only globals (env vars, system info, etc.) are available
+	repl := caddy.NewReplacer()
+
+	// if body is provided, create a reader for it, otherwise nil
+	var requestBody io.Reader
+	if h.HealthChecks.Active.Body != "" {
+		// set body, using replacer
+		requestBody = strings.NewReader(repl.ReplaceAll(h.HealthChecks.Active.Body, ""))
+	}
+
 	// attach dialing information to this request, as well as context values that
 	// may be expected by handlers of this request
 	ctx := h.ctx.Context
@@ -377,15 +429,15 @@ func (h *Handler) doActiveHealthCheck(dialInfo DialInfo, hostAddr string, upstre
 	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, caddyhttp.VarsCtxKey, map[string]any{
 		dialInfoVarKey: dialInfo,
 	})
-	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, u.String(), nil)
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, h.HealthChecks.Active.Method, u.String(), requestBody)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("making request: %v", err)
 	}
 	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, caddyhttp.OriginalRequestCtxKey, *req)
 	req = req.WithContext(ctx)
 
-	// set headers, using a replacer with only globals (env vars, system info, etc.)
-	repl := caddy.NewReplacer()
+	// set headers, using replacer
+	repl.Set("http.reverse_proxy.active.target_upstream", networkAddr)
 	for key, vals := range h.HealthChecks.Active.Headers {
 		key = repl.ReplaceAll(key, "")
 		if key == "Host" {
@@ -401,9 +453,12 @@ func (h *Handler) doActiveHealthCheck(dialInfo DialInfo, hostAddr string, upstre
 		// increment failures and then check if it has reached the threshold to mark unhealthy
 		err := upstream.Host.countHealthFail(1)
 		if err != nil {
-			h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Error("could not count active health failure",
-				zap.String("host", upstream.Dial),
-				zap.Error(err))
+			if c := h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "could not count active health failure"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(
+					zap.String("host", upstream.Dial),
+					zap.Error(err),
+				)
+			}
 			return
 		}
 		if upstream.Host.activeHealthFails() >= h.HealthChecks.Active.Fails {
@@ -419,13 +474,19 @@ func (h *Handler) doActiveHealthCheck(dialInfo DialInfo, hostAddr string, upstre
 		// increment passes and then check if it has reached the threshold to be healthy
 		err := upstream.Host.countHealthPass(1)
 		if err != nil {
-			h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Error("could not count active health pass",
-				zap.String("host", upstream.Dial),
-				zap.Error(err))
+			if c := h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "could not count active health pass"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(
+					zap.String("host", upstream.Dial),
+					zap.Error(err),
+				)
+			}
 			return
 		}
 		if upstream.Host.activeHealthPasses() >= h.HealthChecks.Active.Passes {
 			if upstream.setHealthy(true) {
+				if c := h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Check(zapcore.InfoLevel, "host is up"); c != nil {
+					c.Write(zap.String("host", hostAddr))
+				}
 				h.events.Emit(h.ctx, "healthy", map[string]any{"host": hostAddr})
 				upstream.Host.resetHealth()
 			}
@@ -435,10 +496,12 @@ func (h *Handler) doActiveHealthCheck(dialInfo DialInfo, hostAddr string, upstre
 	// do the request, being careful to tame the response body
 	resp, err := h.HealthChecks.Active.httpClient.Do(req)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Info("HTTP request failed",
-			zap.String("host", hostAddr),
-			zap.Error(err),
-		)
+		if c := h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Check(zapcore.InfoLevel, "HTTP request failed"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(
+				zap.String("host", hostAddr),
+				zap.Error(err),
+			)
+		}
 		markUnhealthy()
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -455,18 +518,22 @@ func (h *Handler) doActiveHealthCheck(dialInfo DialInfo, hostAddr string, upstre
 	// if status code is outside criteria, mark down
 	if h.HealthChecks.Active.ExpectStatus > 0 {
 		if !caddyhttp.StatusCodeMatches(resp.StatusCode, h.HealthChecks.Active.ExpectStatus) {
-			h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Info("unexpected status code",
-				zap.Int("status_code", resp.StatusCode),
-				zap.String("host", hostAddr),
-			)
+			if c := h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Check(zapcore.InfoLevel, "unexpected status code"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(
+					zap.Int("status_code", resp.StatusCode),
+					zap.String("host", hostAddr),
+				)
+			}
 			markUnhealthy()
 			return nil
 		}
 	} else if resp.StatusCode < 200 || resp.StatusCode >= 300 {
-		h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Info("status code out of tolerances",
-			zap.Int("status_code", resp.StatusCode),
-			zap.String("host", hostAddr),
-		)
+		if c := h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Check(zapcore.InfoLevel, "status code out of tolerances"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(
+				zap.Int("status_code", resp.StatusCode),
+				zap.String("host", hostAddr),
+			)
+		}
 		markUnhealthy()
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -475,24 +542,27 @@ func (h *Handler) doActiveHealthCheck(dialInfo DialInfo, hostAddr string, upstre
 	if h.HealthChecks.Active.bodyRegexp != nil {
 		bodyBytes, err := io.ReadAll(body)
 		if err != nil {
-			h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Info("failed to read response body",
-				zap.String("host", hostAddr),
-				zap.Error(err),
-			)
+			if c := h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Check(zapcore.InfoLevel, "failed to read response body"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(
+					zap.String("host", hostAddr),
+					zap.Error(err),
+				)
+			}
 			markUnhealthy()
 			return nil
 		}
 		if !h.HealthChecks.Active.bodyRegexp.Match(bodyBytes) {
-			h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Info("response body failed expectations",
-				zap.String("host", hostAddr),
-			)
+			if c := h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Check(zapcore.InfoLevel, "response body failed expectations"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(
+					zap.String("host", hostAddr),
+				)
+			}
 			markUnhealthy()
 			return nil
 		}
 	}
 
 	// passed health check parameters, so mark as healthy
-	h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Info("host is up", zap.String("host", hostAddr))
 	markHealthy()
 
 	return nil
@@ -516,9 +586,12 @@ func (h *Handler) countFailure(upstream *Upstream) {
 	// count failure immediately
 	err := upstream.Host.countFail(1)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.HealthChecks.Passive.logger.Error("could not count failure",
-			zap.String("host", upstream.Dial),
-			zap.Error(err))
+		if c := h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "could not count failure"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(
+				zap.String("host", upstream.Dial),
+				zap.Error(err),
+			)
+		}
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -526,9 +599,12 @@ func (h *Handler) countFailure(upstream *Upstream) {
 	go func(host *Host, failDuration time.Duration) {
 		defer func() {
 			if err := recover(); err != nil {
-				h.HealthChecks.Passive.logger.Error("passive health check failure forgetter panicked",
-					zap.Any("error", err),
-					zap.ByteString("stack", debug.Stack()))
+				if c := h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "passive health check failure forgetter panicked"); c != nil {
+					c.Write(
+						zap.Any("error", err),
+						zap.ByteString("stack", debug.Stack()),
+					)
+				}
 			}
 		}()
 		timer := time.NewTimer(failDuration)
@@ -541,9 +617,12 @@ func (h *Handler) countFailure(upstream *Upstream) {
 		}
 		err := host.countFail(-1)
 		if err != nil {
-			h.HealthChecks.Passive.logger.Error("could not forget failure",
-				zap.String("host", upstream.Dial),
-				zap.Error(err))
+			if c := h.HealthChecks.Active.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "could not forget failure"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(
+					zap.String("host", upstream.Dial),
+					zap.Error(err),
+				)
+			}
 		}
 	}(upstream.Host, failDuration)
 }

modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy/hosts.go

@@ -57,10 +57,11 @@ type Upstream struct {
 	// HeaderAffinity string
 	// IPAffinity     string
 
-	activeHealthCheckPort int
-	healthCheckPolicy     *PassiveHealthChecks
-	cb                    CircuitBreaker
-	unhealthy             int32 // accessed atomically; status from active health checker
+	activeHealthCheckPort     int
+	activeHealthCheckUpstream string
+	healthCheckPolicy         *PassiveHealthChecks
+	cb                        CircuitBreaker
+	unhealthy                 int32 // accessed atomically; status from active health checker
 }
 
 // (pointer receiver necessary to avoid a race condition, since

modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy/httptransport.go

@@ -27,12 +27,14 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"reflect"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/pires/go-proxyproto"
 	"github.com/quic-go/quic-go/http3"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 	"golang.org/x/net/http2"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
@@ -132,6 +134,10 @@ type HTTPTransport struct {
 	// to change or removal while experimental.
 	Versions []string `json:"versions,omitempty"`
 
+	// Specify the address to bind to when connecting to an upstream. In other words,
+	// it is the address the upstream sees as the remote address.
+	LocalAddress string `json:"local_address,omitempty"`
+
 	// The pre-configured underlying HTTP transport.
 	Transport *http.Transport `json:"-"`
 
@@ -185,6 +191,31 @@ func (h *HTTPTransport) NewTransport(caddyCtx caddy.Context) (*http.Transport, e
 		FallbackDelay: time.Duration(h.FallbackDelay),
 	}
 
+	if h.LocalAddress != "" {
+		netaddr, err := caddy.ParseNetworkAddressWithDefaults(h.LocalAddress, "tcp", 0)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if netaddr.PortRangeSize() > 1 {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("local_address must be a single address, not a port range")
+		}
+		switch netaddr.Network {
+		case "tcp", "tcp4", "tcp6":
+			dialer.LocalAddr, err = net.ResolveTCPAddr(netaddr.Network, netaddr.JoinHostPort(0))
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		case "unix", "unixgram", "unixpacket":
+			dialer.LocalAddr, err = net.ResolveUnixAddr(netaddr.Network, netaddr.JoinHostPort(0))
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		case "udp", "udp4", "udp6":
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("local_address must be a TCP address, not a UDP address")
+		default:
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported network")
+		}
+	}
 	if h.Resolver != nil {
 		err := h.Resolver.ParseAddresses()
 		if err != nil {
@@ -351,7 +382,7 @@ func (h *HTTPTransport) NewTransport(caddyCtx caddy.Context) (*http.Transport, e
 		rt.DisableCompression = !*h.Compression
 	}
 
-	if sliceContains(h.Versions, "2") {
+	if slices.Contains(h.Versions, "2") {
 		if err := http2.ConfigureTransport(rt); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -363,13 +394,20 @@ func (h *HTTPTransport) NewTransport(caddyCtx caddy.Context) (*http.Transport, e
 	// site owners  control the backends), so it must be exclusive
 	if len(h.Versions) == 1 && h.Versions[0] == "3" {
 		h.h3Transport = new(http3.RoundTripper)
-	} else if len(h.Versions) > 1 && sliceContains(h.Versions, "3") {
+		if h.TLS != nil {
+			var err error
+			h.h3Transport.TLSClientConfig, err = h.TLS.MakeTLSClientConfig(caddyCtx)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("making TLS client config for HTTP/3 transport: %v", err)
+			}
+		}
+	} else if len(h.Versions) > 1 && slices.Contains(h.Versions, "3") {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("if HTTP/3 is enabled to the upstream, no other HTTP versions are supported")
 	}
 
 	// if h2c is enabled, configure its transport (std lib http.Transport
 	// does not "HTTP/2 over cleartext TCP")
-	if sliceContains(h.Versions, "h2c") {
+	if slices.Contains(h.Versions, "h2c") {
 		// crafting our own http2.Transport doesn't allow us to utilize
 		// most of the customizations/preferences on the http.Transport,
 		// because, for some reason, only http2.ConfigureTransport()
@@ -439,6 +477,9 @@ func (h *HTTPTransport) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
 	// if H2C ("HTTP/2 over cleartext") is enabled and the upstream request is
 	// HTTP without TLS, use the alternate H2C-capable transport instead
 	if req.URL.Scheme == "http" && h.h2cTransport != nil {
+		// There is no dedicated DisableKeepAlives field in *http2.Transport.
+		// This is an alternative way to disable keep-alive.
+		req.Close = h.Transport.DisableKeepAlives
 		return h.h2cTransport.RoundTrip(req)
 	}
 
@@ -711,7 +752,9 @@ func (c *tcpRWTimeoutConn) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
 	if c.readTimeout > 0 {
 		err := c.TCPConn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(c.readTimeout))
 		if err != nil {
-			c.logger.Error("failed to set read deadline", zap.Error(err))
+			if ce := c.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "failed to set read deadline"); ce != nil {
+				ce.Write(zap.Error(err))
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	return c.TCPConn.Read(b)
@@ -721,7 +764,9 @@ func (c *tcpRWTimeoutConn) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
 	if c.writeTimeout > 0 {
 		err := c.TCPConn.SetWriteDeadline(time.Now().Add(c.writeTimeout))
 		if err != nil {
-			c.logger.Error("failed to set write deadline", zap.Error(err))
+			if ce := c.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "failed to set write deadline"); ce != nil {
+				ce.Write(zap.Error(err))
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	return c.TCPConn.Write(b)
@@ -739,16 +784,6 @@ func decodeBase64DERCert(certStr string) (*x509.Certificate, error) {
 	return x509.ParseCertificate(derBytes)
 }
 
-// sliceContains returns true if needle is in haystack.
-func sliceContains(haystack []string, needle string) bool {
-	for _, s := range haystack {
-		if s == needle {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
 // Interface guards
 var (
 	_ caddy.Provisioner  = (*HTTPTransport)(nil)

modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy/metrics.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promauto"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 )
 
 var reverseProxyMetrics = struct {
@@ -48,9 +49,12 @@ func (m *metricsUpstreamsHealthyUpdater) Init() {
 	go func() {
 		defer func() {
 			if err := recover(); err != nil {
-				reverseProxyMetrics.logger.Error("upstreams healthy metrics updater panicked",
-					zap.Any("error", err),
-					zap.ByteString("stack", debug.Stack()))
+				if c := reverseProxyMetrics.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "upstreams healthy metrics updater panicked"); c != nil {
+					c.Write(
+						zap.Any("error", err),
+						zap.ByteString("stack", debug.Stack()),
+					)
+				}
 			}
 		}()
 

modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy/reverseproxy.go

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import (
 
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 	"golang.org/x/net/http/httpguts"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ func init() {
 // `{http.reverse_proxy.upstream.duration_ms}` | Same as 'upstream.duration', but in milliseconds.
 // `{http.reverse_proxy.duration}` | Total time spent proxying, including selecting an upstream, retries, and writing response.
 // `{http.reverse_proxy.duration_ms}` | Same as 'duration', but in milliseconds.
+// `{http.reverse_proxy.retries}` | The number of retries actually performed to communicate with an upstream.
 type Handler struct {
 	// Configures the method of transport for the proxy. A transport
 	// is what performs the actual "round trip" to the backend.
@@ -439,11 +441,16 @@ func (h *Handler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next caddyht
 			if h.LoadBalancing != nil {
 				lbWait = time.Duration(h.LoadBalancing.TryInterval)
 			}
-			h.logger.Debug("retrying", zap.Error(proxyErr), zap.Duration("after", lbWait))
+			if c := h.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "retrying"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(zap.Error(proxyErr), zap.Duration("after", lbWait))
+			}
 		}
 		retries++
 	}
 
+	// number of retries actually performed
+	repl.Set("http.reverse_proxy.retries", retries)
+
 	if proxyErr != nil {
 		return statusError(proxyErr)
 	}
@@ -463,13 +470,17 @@ func (h *Handler) proxyLoopIteration(r *http.Request, origReq *http.Request, w h
 	if h.DynamicUpstreams != nil {
 		dUpstreams, err := h.DynamicUpstreams.GetUpstreams(r)
 		if err != nil {
-			h.logger.Error("failed getting dynamic upstreams; falling back to static upstreams", zap.Error(err))
+			if c := h.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "failed getting dynamic upstreams; falling back to static upstreams"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(zap.Error(err))
+			}
 		} else {
 			upstreams = dUpstreams
 			for _, dUp := range dUpstreams {
 				h.provisionUpstream(dUp)
 			}
-			h.logger.Debug("provisioned dynamic upstreams", zap.Int("count", len(dUpstreams)))
+			if c := h.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "provisioned dynamic upstreams"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(zap.Int("count", len(dUpstreams)))
+			}
 			defer func() {
 				// these upstreams are dynamic, so they are only used for this iteration
 				// of the proxy loop; be sure to let them go away when we're done with them
@@ -500,9 +511,12 @@ func (h *Handler) proxyLoopIteration(r *http.Request, origReq *http.Request, w h
 		return true, fmt.Errorf("making dial info: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	h.logger.Debug("selected upstream",
-		zap.String("dial", dialInfo.Address),
-		zap.Int("total_upstreams", len(upstreams)))
+	if c := h.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "selected upstream"); c != nil {
+		c.Write(
+			zap.String("dial", dialInfo.Address),
+			zap.Int("total_upstreams", len(upstreams)),
+		)
+	}
 
 	// attach to the request information about how to dial the upstream;
 	// this is necessary because the information cannot be sufficiently
@@ -606,6 +620,18 @@ func (h Handler) prepareRequest(req *http.Request, repl *caddy.Replacer) (*http.
 		req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "")
 	}
 
+	// Indicate if request has been conveyed in early data.
+	// RFC 8470: "An intermediary that forwards a request prior to the
+	// completion of the TLS handshake with its client MUST send it with
+	// the Early-Data header field set to “1” (i.e., it adds it if not
+	// present in the request). An intermediary MUST use the Early-Data
+	// header field if the request might have been subject to a replay and
+	// might already have been forwarded by it or another instance
+	// (see Section 6.2)."
+	if req.TLS != nil && !req.TLS.HandshakeComplete {
+		req.Header.Set("Early-Data", "1")
+	}
+
 	reqUpType := upgradeType(req.Header)
 	removeConnectionHeaders(req.Header)
 
@@ -798,16 +824,22 @@ func (h *Handler) reverseProxy(rw http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, origRe
 			ShouldLogCredentials: shouldLogCredentials,
 		}),
 	)
+
 	if err != nil {
-		logger.Debug("upstream roundtrip", zap.Error(err))
+		if c := logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "upstream roundtrip"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(zap.Error(err))
+		}
 		return err
 	}
-	logger.Debug("upstream roundtrip",
-		zap.Object("headers", caddyhttp.LoggableHTTPHeader{
-			Header:               res.Header,
-			ShouldLogCredentials: shouldLogCredentials,
-		}),
-		zap.Int("status", res.StatusCode))
+	if c := logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "upstream roundtrip"); c != nil {
+		c.Write(
+			zap.Object("headers", caddyhttp.LoggableHTTPHeader{
+				Header:               res.Header,
+				ShouldLogCredentials: shouldLogCredentials,
+			}),
+			zap.Int("status", res.StatusCode),
+		)
+	}
 
 	// duration until upstream wrote response headers (roundtrip duration)
 	repl.Set("http.reverse_proxy.upstream.latency", duration)
@@ -866,7 +898,9 @@ func (h *Handler) reverseProxy(rw http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, origRe
 		repl.Set("http.reverse_proxy.status_code", res.StatusCode)
 		repl.Set("http.reverse_proxy.status_text", res.Status)
 
-		logger.Debug("handling response", zap.Int("handler", i))
+		if c := logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "handling response"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(zap.Int("handler", i))
+		}
 
 		// we make some data available via request context to child routes
 		// so that they may inherit some options and functions from the
@@ -962,7 +996,9 @@ func (h *Handler) finalizeResponse(
 	err := h.copyResponse(rw, res.Body, h.flushInterval(req, res), logger)
 	errClose := res.Body.Close() // close now, instead of defer, to populate res.Trailer
 	if h.VerboseLogs || errClose != nil {
-		logger.Debug("closed response body from upstream", zap.Error(errClose))
+		if c := logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "closed response body from upstream"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(zap.Error(errClose))
+		}
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		// we're streaming the response and we've already written headers, so
@@ -970,7 +1006,9 @@ func (h *Handler) finalizeResponse(
 		// we'll just log the error and abort the stream here and panic just as
 		// the standard lib's proxy to propagate the stream error.
 		// see issue https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/issues/5951
-		logger.Error("aborting with incomplete response", zap.Error(err))
+		if c := logger.Check(zapcore.WarnLevel, "aborting with incomplete response"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(zap.Error(err))
+		}
 		// no extra logging from stdlib
 		panic(http.ErrAbortHandler)
 	}

modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy/streaming.go

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import (
 	"unsafe"
 
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 	"golang.org/x/net/http/httpguts"
 )
 
@@ -41,14 +42,18 @@ func (h *Handler) handleUpgradeResponse(logger *zap.Logger, wg *sync.WaitGroup,
 	// Taken from https://github.com/golang/go/commit/5c489514bc5e61ad9b5b07bd7d8ec65d66a0512a
 	// We know reqUpType is ASCII, it's checked by the caller.
 	if !asciiIsPrint(resUpType) {
-		logger.Debug("backend tried to switch to invalid protocol",
-			zap.String("backend_upgrade", resUpType))
+		if c := logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "backend tried to switch to invalid protocol"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(zap.String("backend_upgrade", resUpType))
+		}
 		return
 	}
 	if !asciiEqualFold(reqUpType, resUpType) {
-		logger.Debug("backend tried to switch to unexpected protocol via Upgrade header",
-			zap.String("backend_upgrade", resUpType),
-			zap.String("requested_upgrade", reqUpType))
+		if c := logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "backend tried to switch to unexpected protocol via Upgrade header"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(
+				zap.String("backend_upgrade", resUpType),
+				zap.String("requested_upgrade", reqUpType),
+			)
+		}
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -68,12 +73,16 @@ func (h *Handler) handleUpgradeResponse(logger *zap.Logger, wg *sync.WaitGroup,
 	//nolint:bodyclose
 	conn, brw, hijackErr := http.NewResponseController(rw).Hijack()
 	if errors.Is(hijackErr, http.ErrNotSupported) {
-		h.logger.Error("can't switch protocols using non-Hijacker ResponseWriter", zap.String("type", fmt.Sprintf("%T", rw)))
+		if c := logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "can't switch protocols using non-Hijacker ResponseWriter"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(zap.String("type", fmt.Sprintf("%T", rw)))
+		}
 		return
 	}
 
 	if hijackErr != nil {
-		h.logger.Error("hijack failed on protocol switch", zap.Error(hijackErr))
+		if c := logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "hijack failed on protocol switch"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(zap.Error(hijackErr))
+		}
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -93,11 +102,15 @@ func (h *Handler) handleUpgradeResponse(logger *zap.Logger, wg *sync.WaitGroup,
 	start := time.Now()
 	defer func() {
 		conn.Close()
-		logger.Debug("connection closed", zap.Duration("duration", time.Since(start)))
+		if c := logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "hijack failed on protocol switch"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(zap.Duration("duration", time.Since(start)))
+		}
 	}()
 
 	if err := brw.Flush(); err != nil {
-		logger.Debug("response flush", zap.Error(err))
+		if c := logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "response flush"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(zap.Error(err))
+		}
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -107,7 +120,9 @@ func (h *Handler) handleUpgradeResponse(logger *zap.Logger, wg *sync.WaitGroup,
 		data, _ := brw.Peek(buffered)
 		_, err := backConn.Write(data)
 		if err != nil {
-			logger.Debug("backConn write failed", zap.Error(err))
+			if c := logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "backConn write failed"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(zap.Error(err))
+			}
 			return
 		}
 	}
@@ -148,9 +163,13 @@ func (h *Handler) handleUpgradeResponse(logger *zap.Logger, wg *sync.WaitGroup,
 	go spc.copyFromBackend(errc)
 	select {
 	case err := <-errc:
-		logger.Debug("streaming error", zap.Error(err))
+		if c := logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "streaming error"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(zap.Error(err))
+		}
 	case time := <-timeoutc:
-		logger.Debug("stream timed out", zap.Time("timeout", time))
+		if c := logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "stream timed out"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(zap.Time("timeout", time))
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -247,7 +266,9 @@ func (h Handler) copyBuffer(dst io.Writer, src io.Reader, buf []byte, logger *za
 		logger.Debug("waiting to read from upstream")
 		nr, rerr := src.Read(buf)
 		logger := logger.With(zap.Int("read", nr))
-		logger.Debug("read from upstream", zap.Error(rerr))
+		if c := logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "read from upstream"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(zap.Error(rerr))
+		}
 		if rerr != nil && rerr != io.EOF && rerr != context.Canceled {
 			// TODO: this could be useful to know (indeed, it revealed an error in our
 			// fastcgi PoC earlier; but it's this single error report here that necessitates
@@ -256,7 +277,9 @@ func (h Handler) copyBuffer(dst io.Writer, src io.Reader, buf []byte, logger *za
 			// something we need to report to the client, but read errors are a problem on our
 			// end for sure. so we need to decide what we want.)
 			// p.logf("copyBuffer: ReverseProxy read error during body copy: %v", rerr)
-			h.logger.Error("reading from backend", zap.Error(rerr))
+			if c := logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "reading from backend"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(zap.Error(rerr))
+			}
 		}
 		if nr > 0 {
 			logger.Debug("writing to downstream")
@@ -264,10 +287,13 @@ func (h Handler) copyBuffer(dst io.Writer, src io.Reader, buf []byte, logger *za
 			if nw > 0 {
 				written += int64(nw)
 			}
-			logger.Debug("wrote to downstream",
-				zap.Int("written", nw),
-				zap.Int64("written_total", written),
-				zap.Error(werr))
+			if c := logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "wrote to downstream"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(
+					zap.Int("written", nw),
+					zap.Int64("written_total", written),
+					zap.Error(werr),
+				)
+			}
 			if werr != nil {
 				return written, fmt.Errorf("writing: %w", werr)
 			}
@@ -347,13 +373,17 @@ func (h *Handler) cleanupConnections() error {
 	if len(h.connections) > 0 {
 		delay := time.Duration(h.StreamCloseDelay)
 		h.connectionsCloseTimer = time.AfterFunc(delay, func() {
-			h.logger.Debug("closing streaming connections after delay",
-				zap.Duration("delay", delay))
+			if c := h.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "closing streaming connections after delay"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(zap.Duration("delay", delay))
+			}
 			err := h.closeConnections()
 			if err != nil {
-				h.logger.Error("failed to closed connections after delay",
-					zap.Error(err),
-					zap.Duration("delay", delay))
+				if c := h.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "failed to closed connections after delay"); c != nil {
+					c.Write(
+						zap.Error(err),
+						zap.Duration("delay", delay),
+					)
+				}
 			}
 		})
 	}
@@ -494,7 +524,9 @@ func (m *maxLatencyWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	m.mu.Lock()
 	defer m.mu.Unlock()
 	n, err = m.dst.Write(p)
-	m.logger.Debug("wrote bytes", zap.Int("n", n), zap.Error(err))
+	if c := m.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "wrote bytes"); c != nil {
+		c.Write(zap.Int("n", n), zap.Error(err))
+	}
 	if m.latency < 0 {
 		m.logger.Debug("flushing immediately")
 		//nolint:errcheck
@@ -510,7 +542,9 @@ func (m *maxLatencyWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	} else {
 		m.t.Reset(m.latency)
 	}
-	m.logger.Debug("timer set for delayed flush", zap.Duration("duration", m.latency))
+	if c := m.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "timer set for delayed flush"); c != nil {
+		c.Write(zap.Duration("duration", m.latency))
+	}
 	m.flushPending = true
 	return
 }

modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy/upstreams.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 )
@@ -136,10 +137,13 @@ func (su SRVUpstreams) GetUpstreams(r *http.Request) ([]*Upstream, error) {
 		return allNew(cached.upstreams), nil
 	}
 
-	su.logger.Debug("refreshing SRV upstreams",
-		zap.String("service", service),
-		zap.String("proto", proto),
-		zap.String("name", name))
+	if c := su.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "refreshing SRV upstreams"); c != nil {
+		c.Write(
+			zap.String("service", service),
+			zap.String("proto", proto),
+			zap.String("name", name),
+		)
+	}
 
 	_, records, err := su.resolver.LookupSRV(r.Context(), service, proto, name)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -148,23 +152,30 @@ func (su SRVUpstreams) GetUpstreams(r *http.Request) ([]*Upstream, error) {
 		// only return an error if no records were also returned.
 		if len(records) == 0 {
 			if su.GracePeriod > 0 {
-				su.logger.Error("SRV lookup failed; using previously cached", zap.Error(err))
+				if c := su.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "SRV lookup failed; using previously cached"); c != nil {
+					c.Write(zap.Error(err))
+				}
 				cached.freshness = time.Now().Add(time.Duration(su.GracePeriod) - time.Duration(su.Refresh))
 				srvs[suAddr] = cached
 				return allNew(cached.upstreams), nil
 			}
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		su.logger.Warn("SRV records filtered", zap.Error(err))
+		if c := su.logger.Check(zapcore.WarnLevel, "SRV records filtered"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(zap.Error(err))
+		}
 	}
 
 	upstreams := make([]Upstream, len(records))
 	for i, rec := range records {
-		su.logger.Debug("discovered SRV record",
-			zap.String("target", rec.Target),
-			zap.Uint16("port", rec.Port),
-			zap.Uint16("priority", rec.Priority),
-			zap.Uint16("weight", rec.Weight))
+		if c := su.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "discovered SRV record"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(
+				zap.String("target", rec.Target),
+				zap.Uint16("port", rec.Port),
+				zap.Uint16("priority", rec.Priority),
+				zap.Uint16("weight", rec.Weight),
+			)
+		}
 		addr := net.JoinHostPort(rec.Target, strconv.Itoa(int(rec.Port)))
 		upstreams[i] = Upstream{Dial: addr}
 	}
@@ -231,6 +242,19 @@ type IPVersions struct {
 	IPv6 *bool `json:"ipv6,omitempty"`
 }
 
+func resolveIpVersion(versions *IPVersions) string {
+	resolveIpv4 := versions == nil || (versions.IPv4 == nil && versions.IPv6 == nil) || (versions.IPv4 != nil && *versions.IPv4)
+	resolveIpv6 := versions == nil || (versions.IPv6 == nil && versions.IPv4 == nil) || (versions.IPv6 != nil && *versions.IPv6)
+	switch {
+	case resolveIpv4 && !resolveIpv6:
+		return "ip4"
+	case !resolveIpv4 && resolveIpv6:
+		return "ip6"
+	default:
+		return "ip"
+	}
+}
+
 // AUpstreams provides upstreams from A/AAAA lookups.
 // Results are cached and refreshed at the configured
 // refresh interval.
@@ -313,9 +337,6 @@ func (au *AUpstreams) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 func (au AUpstreams) GetUpstreams(r *http.Request) ([]*Upstream, error) {
 	repl := r.Context().Value(caddy.ReplacerCtxKey).(*caddy.Replacer)
 
-	resolveIpv4 := au.Versions == nil || au.Versions.IPv4 == nil || *au.Versions.IPv4
-	resolveIpv6 := au.Versions == nil || au.Versions.IPv6 == nil || *au.Versions.IPv6
-
 	// Map ipVersion early, so we can use it as part of the cache-key.
 	// This should be fairly inexpensive and comes and the upside of
 	// allowing the same dynamic upstream (name + port combination)
@@ -324,15 +345,7 @@ func (au AUpstreams) GetUpstreams(r *http.Request) ([]*Upstream, error) {
 	// It also forced a cache-miss if a previously cached dynamic
 	// upstream changes its ip version, e.g. after a config reload,
 	// while keeping the cache-invalidation as simple as it currently is.
-	var ipVersion string
-	switch {
-	case resolveIpv4 && !resolveIpv6:
-		ipVersion = "ip4"
-	case !resolveIpv4 && resolveIpv6:
-		ipVersion = "ip6"
-	default:
-		ipVersion = "ip"
-	}
+	ipVersion := resolveIpVersion(au.Versions)
 
 	auStr := repl.ReplaceAll(au.String()+ipVersion, "")
 
@@ -359,10 +372,13 @@ func (au AUpstreams) GetUpstreams(r *http.Request) ([]*Upstream, error) {
 	name := repl.ReplaceAll(au.Name, "")
 	port := repl.ReplaceAll(au.Port, "")
 
-	au.logger.Debug("refreshing A upstreams",
-		zap.String("version", ipVersion),
-		zap.String("name", name),
-		zap.String("port", port))
+	if c := au.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "refreshing A upstreams"); c != nil {
+		c.Write(
+			zap.String("version", ipVersion),
+			zap.String("name", name),
+			zap.String("port", port),
+		)
+	}
 
 	ips, err := au.resolver.LookupIP(r.Context(), ipVersion, name)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -371,8 +387,9 @@ func (au AUpstreams) GetUpstreams(r *http.Request) ([]*Upstream, error) {
 
 	upstreams := make([]Upstream, len(ips))
 	for i, ip := range ips {
-		au.logger.Debug("discovered A record",
-			zap.String("ip", ip.String()))
+		if c := au.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "discovered A record"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(zap.String("ip", ip.String()))
+		}
 		upstreams[i] = Upstream{
 			Dial: net.JoinHostPort(ip.String(), port),
 		}
@@ -465,11 +482,16 @@ func (mu MultiUpstreams) GetUpstreams(r *http.Request) ([]*Upstream, error) {
 
 		up, err := src.GetUpstreams(r)
 		if err != nil {
-			mu.logger.Error("upstream source returned error",
-				zap.Int("source_idx", i),
-				zap.Error(err))
+			if c := mu.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "upstream source returned error"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(
+					zap.Int("source_idx", i),
+					zap.Error(err),
+				)
+			}
 		} else if len(up) == 0 {
-			mu.logger.Warn("upstream source returned 0 upstreams", zap.Int("source_idx", i))
+			if c := mu.logger.Check(zapcore.WarnLevel, "upstream source returned 0 upstreams"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(zap.Int("source_idx", i))
+			}
 		} else {
 			upstreams = append(upstreams, up...)
 		}

modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy/upstreams_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package reverseproxy
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestResolveIpVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	falseBool := false
+	trueBool := true
+	tests := []struct {
+		Versions          *IPVersions
+		expectedIpVersion string
+	}{
+		{
+			Versions:          &IPVersions{IPv4: &trueBool},
+			expectedIpVersion: "ip4",
+		},
+		{
+			Versions:          &IPVersions{IPv4: &falseBool},
+			expectedIpVersion: "ip",
+		},
+		{
+			Versions:          &IPVersions{IPv4: &trueBool, IPv6: &falseBool},
+			expectedIpVersion: "ip4",
+		},
+		{
+			Versions:          &IPVersions{IPv6: &trueBool},
+			expectedIpVersion: "ip6",
+		},
+		{
+			Versions:          &IPVersions{IPv6: &falseBool},
+			expectedIpVersion: "ip",
+		},
+		{
+			Versions:          &IPVersions{IPv6: &trueBool, IPv4: &falseBool},
+			expectedIpVersion: "ip6",
+		},
+		{
+			Versions:          &IPVersions{},
+			expectedIpVersion: "ip",
+		},
+		{
+			Versions:          &IPVersions{IPv4: &trueBool, IPv6: &trueBool},
+			expectedIpVersion: "ip",
+		},
+		{
+			Versions:          &IPVersions{IPv4: &falseBool, IPv6: &falseBool},
+			expectedIpVersion: "ip",
+		},
+	}
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		ipVersion := resolveIpVersion(test.Versions)
+		if ipVersion != test.expectedIpVersion {
+			t.Errorf("resolveIpVersion(): Expected %s got %s", test.expectedIpVersion, ipVersion)
+		}
+	}
+
+}

modules/caddyhttp/rewrite/caddyfile.go

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ func parseCaddyfileURI(h httpcaddyfile.Helper) (caddyhttp.MiddlewareHandler, err
 
 	switch args[0] {
 	case "strip_prefix":
-		if len(args) > 2 {
+		if len(args) != 2 {
 			return nil, h.ArgErr()
 		}
 		rewr.StripPathPrefix = args[1]
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ func parseCaddyfileURI(h httpcaddyfile.Helper) (caddyhttp.MiddlewareHandler, err
 		}
 
 	case "strip_suffix":
-		if len(args) > 2 {
+		if len(args) != 2 {
 			return nil, h.ArgErr()
 		}
 		rewr.StripPathSuffix = args[1]

modules/caddyhttp/rewrite/rewrite.go

@@ -131,15 +131,19 @@ func (rewr *Rewrite) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 
 func (rewr Rewrite) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next caddyhttp.Handler) error {
 	repl := r.Context().Value(caddy.ReplacerCtxKey).(*caddy.Replacer)
+	const message = "rewrote request"
 
-	logger := rewr.logger.With(
-		zap.Object("request", caddyhttp.LoggableHTTPRequest{Request: r}),
-	)
+	c := rewr.logger.Check(zap.DebugLevel, message)
+	if c == nil {
+		rewr.Rewrite(r, repl)
+		return next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	}
 
 	changed := rewr.Rewrite(r, repl)
 
 	if changed {
-		logger.Debug("rewrote request",
+		c.Write(
+			zap.Object("request", caddyhttp.LoggableHTTPRequest{Request: r}),
 			zap.String("method", r.Method),
 			zap.String("uri", r.RequestURI),
 		)

modules/caddyhttp/routes.go

@@ -159,6 +159,9 @@ func (r *Route) ProvisionHandlers(ctx caddy.Context, metrics *Metrics) error {
 		r.Handlers = append(r.Handlers, handler.(MiddlewareHandler))
 	}
 
+	// Make ProvisionHandlers idempotent by clearing the middleware field
+	r.middleware = []Middleware{}
+
 	// pre-compile the middleware handler chain
 	for _, midhandler := range r.Handlers {
 		r.middleware = append(r.middleware, wrapMiddleware(ctx, midhandler, metrics))

modules/caddyhttp/server.go

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 	"net/url"
 	"runtime"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
 	"github.com/quic-go/quic-go"
 	"github.com/quic-go/quic-go/http3"
+	"github.com/quic-go/quic-go/qlog"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 
@@ -218,6 +220,10 @@ type Server struct {
 	// Default: `[h1 h2 h3]`
 	Protocols []string `json:"protocols,omitempty"`
 
+	// ListenProtocols overrides Protocols for each parallel address in Listen.
+	// A nil value or element indicates that Protocols will be used instead.
+	ListenProtocols [][]string `json:"listen_protocols,omitempty"`
+
 	// If set, metrics observations will be enabled.
 	// This setting is EXPERIMENTAL and subject to change.
 	Metrics *Metrics `json:"metrics,omitempty"`
@@ -275,7 +281,9 @@ func (s *Server) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		if r.ProtoMajor < 3 {
 			err := s.h3server.SetQUICHeaders(w.Header())
 			if err != nil {
-				s.logger.Error("setting HTTP/3 Alt-Svc header", zap.Error(err))
+				if c := s.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "setting HTTP/3 Alt-Svc header"); c != nil {
+					c.Write(zap.Error(err))
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -283,9 +291,12 @@ func (s *Server) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	// reject very long methods; probably a mistake or an attack
 	if len(r.Method) > 32 {
 		if s.shouldLogRequest(r) {
-			s.accessLogger.Debug("rejecting request with long method",
-				zap.String("method_trunc", r.Method[:32]),
-				zap.String("remote_addr", r.RemoteAddr))
+			if c := s.accessLogger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "rejecting request with long method"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(
+					zap.String("method_trunc", r.Method[:32]),
+					zap.String("remote_addr", r.RemoteAddr),
+				)
+			}
 		}
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
 		return
@@ -300,20 +311,24 @@ func (s *Server) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		//nolint:bodyclose
 		err := http.NewResponseController(w).EnableFullDuplex()
 		if err != nil {
-			s.logger.Warn("failed to enable full duplex", zap.Error(err))
+			if c := s.logger.Check(zapcore.WarnLevel, "failed to enable full duplex"); c != nil {
+				c.Write(zap.Error(err))
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	// encode the request for logging purposes before
+	// clone the request for logging purposes before
 	// it enters any handler chain; this is necessary
 	// to capture the original request in case it gets
 	// modified during handling
+	// cloning the request and using .WithLazy is considerably faster
+	// than using .With, which will JSON encode the request immediately
 	shouldLogCredentials := s.Logs != nil && s.Logs.ShouldLogCredentials
 	loggableReq := zap.Object("request", LoggableHTTPRequest{
-		Request:              r,
+		Request:              r.Clone(r.Context()),
 		ShouldLogCredentials: shouldLogCredentials,
 	})
-	errLog := s.errorLogger.With(loggableReq)
+	errLog := s.errorLogger.WithLazy(loggableReq)
 
 	var duration time.Duration
 
@@ -379,6 +394,7 @@ func (s *Server) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	// add HTTP error information to request context
 	r = s.Errors.WithError(r, err)
 
+	var fields []zapcore.Field
 	if s.Errors != nil && len(s.Errors.Routes) > 0 {
 		// execute user-defined error handling route
 		err2 := s.errorHandlerChain.ServeHTTP(w, r)
@@ -386,17 +402,28 @@ func (s *Server) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			// user's error route handled the error response
 			// successfully, so now just log the error
 			for _, logger := range errLoggers {
-				logger.Debug(errMsg, errFields...)
+				if c := logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, errMsg); c != nil {
+					if fields == nil {
+						fields = errFields()
+					}
+
+					c.Write(fields...)
+				}
 			}
 		} else {
 			// well... this is awkward
-			errFields = append([]zapcore.Field{
-				zap.String("error", err2.Error()),
-				zap.Namespace("first_error"),
-				zap.String("msg", errMsg),
-			}, errFields...)
 			for _, logger := range errLoggers {
-				logger.Error("error handling handler error", errFields...)
+				if c := logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "error handling handler error"); c != nil {
+					if fields == nil {
+						fields = errFields()
+						fields = append([]zapcore.Field{
+							zap.String("error", err2.Error()),
+							zap.Namespace("first_error"),
+							zap.String("msg", errMsg),
+						}, fields...)
+					}
+					c.Write(fields...)
+				}
 			}
 			if handlerErr, ok := err.(HandlerError); ok {
 				w.WriteHeader(handlerErr.StatusCode)
@@ -405,11 +432,17 @@ func (s *Server) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			}
 		}
 	} else {
+		logLevel := zapcore.DebugLevel
+		if errStatus >= 500 {
+			logLevel = zapcore.ErrorLevel
+		}
+
 		for _, logger := range errLoggers {
-			if errStatus >= 500 {
-				logger.Error(errMsg, errFields...)
-			} else {
-				logger.Debug(errMsg, errFields...)
+			if c := logger.Check(logLevel, errMsg); c != nil {
+				if fields == nil {
+					fields = errFields()
+				}
+				c.Write(fields...)
 			}
 		}
 		w.WriteHeader(errStatus)
@@ -517,12 +550,9 @@ func (s *Server) hasListenerAddress(fullAddr string) bool {
 }
 
 func (s *Server) hasTLSClientAuth() bool {
-	for _, cp := range s.TLSConnPolicies {
-		if cp.ClientAuthentication != nil && cp.ClientAuthentication.Active() {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
+	return slices.ContainsFunc(s.TLSConnPolicies, func(cp *caddytls.ConnectionPolicy) bool {
+		return cp.ClientAuthentication != nil && cp.ClientAuthentication.Active()
+	})
 }
 
 // findLastRouteWithHostMatcher returns the index of the last route
@@ -571,7 +601,11 @@ func (s *Server) findLastRouteWithHostMatcher() int {
 // not already done, and then uses that server to serve HTTP/3 over
 // the listener, with Server s as the handler.
 func (s *Server) serveHTTP3(addr caddy.NetworkAddress, tlsCfg *tls.Config) error {
-	addr.Network = getHTTP3Network(addr.Network)
+	h3net, err := getHTTP3Network(addr.Network)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("starting HTTP/3 QUIC listener: %v", err)
+	}
+	addr.Network = h3net
 	h3ln, err := addr.ListenQUIC(s.ctx, 0, net.ListenConfig{}, tlsCfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("starting HTTP/3 QUIC listener: %v", err)
@@ -598,10 +632,11 @@ func (s *Server) serveHTTP3(addr caddy.NetworkAddress, tlsCfg *tls.Config) error
 			}),
 			TLSConfig:      tlsCfg,
 			MaxHeaderBytes: s.MaxHeaderBytes,
-			// TODO: remove this config when draft versions are no longer supported (we have no need to support drafts)
 			QUICConfig: &quic.Config{
 				Versions: []quic.Version{quic.Version1, quic.Version2},
+				Tracer:   qlog.DefaultConnectionTracer,
 			},
+			IdleTimeout: time.Duration(s.IdleTimeout),
 			ConnContext: func(ctx context.Context, c quic.Connection) context.Context {
 				return context.WithValue(ctx, quicConnCtxKey, c)
 			},
@@ -745,7 +780,9 @@ func (s *Server) logTrace(mh MiddlewareHandler) {
 	if s.Logs == nil || !s.Logs.Trace {
 		return
 	}
-	s.traceLogger.Debug(caddy.GetModuleName(mh), zap.Any("module", mh))
+	if c := s.traceLogger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, caddy.GetModuleName(mh)); c != nil {
+		c.Write(zap.Any("module", mh))
+	}
 }
 
 // logRequest logs the request to access logs, unless skipped.
@@ -758,60 +795,82 @@ func (s *Server) logRequest(
 		return
 	}
 
-	repl.Set("http.response.status", wrec.Status()) // will be 0 if no response is written by us (Go will write 200 to client)
-	repl.Set("http.response.size", wrec.Size())
+	status := wrec.Status()
+	size := wrec.Size()
+
+	repl.Set("http.response.status", status) // will be 0 if no response is written by us (Go will write 200 to client)
+	repl.Set("http.response.size", size)
 	repl.Set("http.response.duration", duration)
 	repl.Set("http.response.duration_ms", duration.Seconds()*1e3) // multiply seconds to preserve decimal (see #4666)
 
-	userID, _ := repl.GetString("http.auth.user.id")
-
-	reqBodyLength := 0
-	if bodyReader != nil {
-		reqBodyLength = bodyReader.Length
-	}
-
-	extra := r.Context().Value(ExtraLogFieldsCtxKey).(*ExtraLogFields)
-
-	fieldCount := 6
-	fields := make([]zapcore.Field, 0, fieldCount+len(extra.fields))
-	fields = append(fields,
-		zap.Int("bytes_read", reqBodyLength),
-		zap.String("user_id", userID),
-		zap.Duration("duration", *duration),
-		zap.Int("size", wrec.Size()),
-		zap.Int("status", wrec.Status()),
-		zap.Object("resp_headers", LoggableHTTPHeader{
-			Header:               wrec.Header(),
-			ShouldLogCredentials: shouldLogCredentials,
-		}))
-	fields = append(fields, extra.fields...)
-
 	loggers := []*zap.Logger{accLog}
 	if s.Logs != nil {
 		loggers = s.Logs.wrapLogger(accLog, r)
 	}
 
-	// wrapping may return multiple loggers, so we log to all of them
+	message := "handled request"
+	if nop, ok := GetVar(r.Context(), "unhandled").(bool); ok && nop {
+		message = "NOP"
+	}
+
+	logLevel := zapcore.InfoLevel
+	if status >= 500 {
+		logLevel = zapcore.ErrorLevel
+	}
+
+	var fields []zapcore.Field
 	for _, logger := range loggers {
-		logAtLevel := logger.Info
-		if wrec.Status() >= 500 {
-			logAtLevel = logger.Error
+		c := logger.Check(logLevel, message)
+		if c == nil {
+			continue
 		}
-		message := "handled request"
-		if nop, ok := GetVar(r.Context(), "unhandled").(bool); ok && nop {
-			message = "NOP"
+
+		if fields == nil {
+			userID, _ := repl.GetString("http.auth.user.id")
+
+			reqBodyLength := 0
+			if bodyReader != nil {
+				reqBodyLength = bodyReader.Length
+			}
+
+			extra := r.Context().Value(ExtraLogFieldsCtxKey).(*ExtraLogFields)
+
+			fieldCount := 6
+			fields = make([]zapcore.Field, 0, fieldCount+len(extra.fields))
+			fields = append(fields,
+				zap.Int("bytes_read", reqBodyLength),
+				zap.String("user_id", userID),
+				zap.Duration("duration", *duration),
+				zap.Int("size", size),
+				zap.Int("status", status),
+				zap.Object("resp_headers", LoggableHTTPHeader{
+					Header:               wrec.Header(),
+					ShouldLogCredentials: shouldLogCredentials,
+				}),
+			)
+			fields = append(fields, extra.fields...)
 		}
-		logAtLevel(message, fields...)
+
+		c.Write(fields...)
 	}
 }
 
 // protocol returns true if the protocol proto is configured/enabled.
 func (s *Server) protocol(proto string) bool {
-	for _, p := range s.Protocols {
-		if p == proto {
+	if s.ListenProtocols == nil {
+		if slices.Contains(s.Protocols, proto) {
 			return true
 		}
+	} else {
+		for _, lnProtocols := range s.ListenProtocols {
+			for _, lnProtocol := range lnProtocols {
+				if lnProtocol == "" && slices.Contains(s.Protocols, proto) || lnProtocol == proto {
+					return true
+				}
+			}
+		}
 	}
+
 	return false
 }
 
@@ -917,12 +976,9 @@ func determineTrustedProxy(r *http.Request, s *Server) (bool, string) {
 // isTrustedClientIP returns true if the given IP address is
 // in the list of trusted IP ranges.
 func isTrustedClientIP(ipAddr netip.Addr, trusted []netip.Prefix) bool {
-	for _, ipRange := range trusted {
-		if ipRange.Contains(ipAddr) {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
+	return slices.ContainsFunc(trusted, func(prefix netip.Prefix) bool {
+		return prefix.Contains(ipAddr)
+	})
 }
 
 // trustedRealClientIP finds the client IP from the request assuming it is
@@ -1055,9 +1111,14 @@ const (
 )
 
 var networkTypesHTTP3 = map[string]string{
-	"unix": "unixgram",
-	"tcp4": "udp4",
-	"tcp6": "udp6",
+	"unixgram": "unixgram",
+	"udp":      "udp",
+	"udp4":     "udp4",
+	"udp6":     "udp6",
+	"tcp":      "udp",
+	"tcp4":     "udp4",
+	"tcp6":     "udp6",
+	"fdgram":   "fdgram",
 }
 
 // RegisterNetworkHTTP3 registers a mapping from non-HTTP/3 network to HTTP/3
@@ -1072,11 +1133,10 @@ func RegisterNetworkHTTP3(originalNetwork, h3Network string) {
 	networkTypesHTTP3[originalNetwork] = h3Network
 }
 
-func getHTTP3Network(originalNetwork string) string {
+func getHTTP3Network(originalNetwork string) (string, error) {
 	h3Network, ok := networkTypesHTTP3[strings.ToLower(originalNetwork)]
 	if !ok {
-		// TODO: Maybe a better default is to not enable HTTP/3 if we do not know the network?
-		return "udp"
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("network '%s' cannot handle HTTP/3 connections", originalNetwork)
 	}
-	return h3Network
+	return h3Network, nil
 }

modules/caddyhttp/server_test.go

@@ -121,6 +121,29 @@ func BenchmarkServer_LogRequest(b *testing.B) {
 	}
 }
 
+func BenchmarkServer_LogRequest_NopLogger(b *testing.B) {
+	s := &Server{}
+
+	extra := new(ExtraLogFields)
+	ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), ExtraLogFieldsCtxKey, extra)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil).WithContext(ctx)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	wrec := NewResponseRecorder(rec, nil, nil)
+
+	duration := 50 * time.Millisecond
+	repl := NewTestReplacer(req)
+	bodyReader := &lengthReader{Source: req.Body}
+
+	accLog := zap.NewNop()
+
+	b.ResetTimer()
+
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		s.logRequest(accLog, req, wrec, &duration, repl, bodyReader, false)
+	}
+}
+
 func BenchmarkServer_LogRequest_WithTraceID(b *testing.B) {
 	s := &Server{}
 

modules/caddyhttp/staticerror.go

@@ -105,8 +105,7 @@ func (e StaticError) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ Handler
 		}
 		statusCode = intVal
 	}
-
-	return Error(statusCode, fmt.Errorf("%s", e.Error))
+	return Error(statusCode, fmt.Errorf("%s", repl.ReplaceKnown(e.Error, "")))
 }
 
 // Interface guard

modules/caddyhttp/staticresp.go

@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ func cmdRespond(fl caddycmd.Flags) (int, error) {
 		return caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup, err
 	}
 
-	if !listenAddr.IsUnixNetwork() {
+	if !listenAddr.IsUnixNetwork() && !listenAddr.IsFdNetwork() {
 		listenAddrs := make([]string, 0, listenAddr.PortRangeSize())
 		for offset := uint(0); offset < listenAddr.PortRangeSize(); offset++ {
 			listenAddrs = append(listenAddrs, listenAddr.JoinHostPort(offset))

modules/caddyhttp/templates/frontmatter.go

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ func extractFrontMatter(input string) (map[string]any, string, error) {
 		if firstLine == fmType.FenceOpen {
 			closingFence = fmType.FenceClose
 			fmParser = fmType.ParseFunc
+			break
 		}
 	}
 

modules/caddyhttp/templates/templates.go

@@ -81,6 +81,12 @@ func init() {
 // {{placeholder "http.error.status_code"}}
 // ```
 //
+// As a shortcut, `ph` is an alias for `placeholder`.
+//
+// ```
+// {{ph "http.request.method"}}
+// ```
+//
 // ##### `.Host`
 //
 // Returns the hostname portion (no port) of the Host header of the HTTP request.

modules/caddyhttp/templates/tplcontext.go

@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ func (c *TemplateContext) NewTemplate(tplName string) *template.Template {
 		"fileStat":         c.funcFileStat,
 		"env":              c.funcEnv,
 		"placeholder":      c.funcPlaceholder,
+		"ph":               c.funcPlaceholder, // shortcut
 		"fileExists":       c.funcFileExists,
 		"httpError":        c.funcHTTPError,
 		"humanize":         c.funcHumanize,

modules/caddyhttp/tracing/tracerprovider.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 
 	sdktrace "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 )
 
 // globalTracerProvider stores global tracer provider and is responsible for graceful shutdown when nobody is using it.
@@ -47,7 +48,9 @@ func (t *tracerProvider) cleanupTracerProvider(logger *zap.Logger) error {
 		if t.tracerProvider != nil {
 			// tracerProvider.ForceFlush SHOULD be invoked according to https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/main/specification/trace/sdk.md#forceflush
 			if err := t.tracerProvider.ForceFlush(context.Background()); err != nil {
-				logger.Error("forcing flush", zap.Error(err))
+				if c := logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "forcing flush"); c != nil {
+					c.Write(zap.Error(err))
+				}
 			}
 
 			// tracerProvider.Shutdown MUST be invoked according to https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/main/specification/trace/sdk.md#shutdown

modules/caddyhttp/vars.go

@@ -18,8 +18,12 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
+	"reflect"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/google/cel-go/cel"
+	"github.com/google/cel-go/common/types/ref"
+
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
 )
@@ -203,6 +207,28 @@ func (m VarsMatcher) Match(r *http.Request) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+// CELLibrary produces options that expose this matcher for use in CEL
+// expression matchers.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	expression vars({'{magic_number}': ['3', '5']})
+//	expression vars({'{foo}': 'single_value'})
+func (VarsMatcher) CELLibrary(_ caddy.Context) (cel.Library, error) {
+	return CELMatcherImpl(
+		"vars",
+		"vars_matcher_request_map",
+		[]*cel.Type{CELTypeJSON},
+		func(data ref.Val) (RequestMatcher, error) {
+			mapStrListStr, err := CELValueToMapStrList(data)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return VarsMatcher(mapStrListStr), nil
+		},
+	)
+}
+
 // MatchVarsRE matches the value of the context variables by a given regular expression.
 //
 // Upon a match, it adds placeholders to the request: `{http.regexp.name.capture_group}`
@@ -302,6 +328,69 @@ func (m MatchVarsRE) Match(r *http.Request) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+// CELLibrary produces options that expose this matcher for use in CEL
+// expression matchers.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	expression vars_regexp('foo', '{magic_number}', '[0-9]+')
+//	expression vars_regexp('{magic_number}', '[0-9]+')
+func (MatchVarsRE) CELLibrary(ctx caddy.Context) (cel.Library, error) {
+	unnamedPattern, err := CELMatcherImpl(
+		"vars_regexp",
+		"vars_regexp_request_string_string",
+		[]*cel.Type{cel.StringType, cel.StringType},
+		func(data ref.Val) (RequestMatcher, error) {
+			refStringList := reflect.TypeOf([]string{})
+			params, err := data.ConvertToNative(refStringList)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			strParams := params.([]string)
+			matcher := MatchVarsRE{}
+			matcher[strParams[0]] = &MatchRegexp{
+				Pattern: strParams[1],
+				Name:    ctx.Value(MatcherNameCtxKey).(string),
+			}
+			err = matcher.Provision(ctx)
+			return matcher, err
+		},
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	namedPattern, err := CELMatcherImpl(
+		"vars_regexp",
+		"vars_regexp_request_string_string_string",
+		[]*cel.Type{cel.StringType, cel.StringType, cel.StringType},
+		func(data ref.Val) (RequestMatcher, error) {
+			refStringList := reflect.TypeOf([]string{})
+			params, err := data.ConvertToNative(refStringList)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			strParams := params.([]string)
+			name := strParams[0]
+			if name == "" {
+				name = ctx.Value(MatcherNameCtxKey).(string)
+			}
+			matcher := MatchVarsRE{}
+			matcher[strParams[1]] = &MatchRegexp{
+				Pattern: strParams[2],
+				Name:    name,
+			}
+			err = matcher.Provision(ctx)
+			return matcher, err
+		},
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	envOpts := append(unnamedPattern.CompileOptions(), namedPattern.CompileOptions()...)
+	prgOpts := append(unnamedPattern.ProgramOptions(), namedPattern.ProgramOptions()...)
+	return NewMatcherCELLibrary(envOpts, prgOpts), nil
+}
+
 // Validate validates m's regular expressions.
 func (m MatchVarsRE) Validate() error {
 	for _, rm := range m {

modules/caddypki/acmeserver/acmeserver.go

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/db"
 	"github.com/smallstep/nosql"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
@@ -243,10 +244,14 @@ func (ash Handler) Cleanup() error {
 	key := ash.getDatabaseKey()
 	deleted, err := databasePool.Delete(key)
 	if deleted {
-		ash.logger.Debug("unloading unused CA database", zap.String("db_key", key))
+		if c := ash.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "unloading unused CA database"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(zap.String("db_key", key))
+		}
 	}
 	if err != nil {
-		ash.logger.Error("closing CA database", zap.String("db_key", key), zap.Error(err))
+		if c := ash.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "closing CA database"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(zap.String("db_key", key), zap.Error(err))
+		}
 	}
 	return err
 }
@@ -271,7 +276,9 @@ func (ash Handler) openDatabase() (*db.AuthDB, error) {
 	})
 
 	if loaded {
-		ash.logger.Debug("loaded preexisting CA database", zap.String("db_key", key))
+		if c := ash.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "loaded preexisting CA database"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(zap.String("db_key", key))
+		}
 	}
 
 	return database.(databaseCloser).DB, err

modules/caddytls/acmeissuer.go

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/caddyserver/zerossl"
 	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v2/acme"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig"
@@ -321,7 +322,9 @@ func (iss *ACMEIssuer) generateZeroSSLEABCredentials(ctx context.Context, acct a
 		return nil, acct, fmt.Errorf("failed getting EAB credentials: HTTP %d", resp.StatusCode)
 	}
 
-	iss.logger.Info("generated EAB credentials", zap.String("key_id", result.EABKID))
+	if c := iss.logger.Check(zapcore.InfoLevel, "generated EAB credentials"); c != nil {
+		c.Write(zap.String("key_id", result.EABKID))
+	}
 
 	return &acme.EAB{
 		KeyID:  result.EABKID,

modules/caddytls/automation.go

@@ -21,11 +21,13 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
 	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v2"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 )
@@ -292,21 +294,30 @@ func (ap *AutomationPolicy) Provision(tlsApp *TLS) error {
 						remoteIP, _, _ = net.SplitHostPort(remote.String())
 					}
 				}
-				tlsApp.logger.Debug("asking for permission for on-demand certificate",
-					zap.String("remote_ip", remoteIP),
-					zap.String("domain", name))
+				if c := tlsApp.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "asking for permission for on-demand certificate"); c != nil {
+					c.Write(
+						zap.String("remote_ip", remoteIP),
+						zap.String("domain", name),
+					)
+				}
 
 				// ask the permission module if this cert is allowed
 				if err := tlsApp.Automation.OnDemand.permission.CertificateAllowed(ctx, name); err != nil {
 					// distinguish true errors from denials, because it's important to elevate actual errors
 					if errors.Is(err, ErrPermissionDenied) {
-						tlsApp.logger.Debug("on-demand certificate issuance denied",
-							zap.String("domain", name),
-							zap.Error(err))
+						if c := tlsApp.logger.Check(zapcore.DebugLevel, "on-demand certificate issuance denied"); c != nil {
+							c.Write(
+								zap.String("domain", name),
+								zap.Error(err),
+							)
+						}
 					} else {
-						tlsApp.logger.Error("failed to get permission for on-demand certificate",
-							zap.String("domain", name),
-							zap.Error(err))
+						if c := tlsApp.logger.Check(zapcore.ErrorLevel, "failed to get permission for on-demand certificate"); c != nil {
+							c.Write(
+								zap.String("domain", name),
+								zap.Error(err),
+							)
+						}
 					}
 					return err
 				}
@@ -363,12 +374,9 @@ func (ap *AutomationPolicy) Subjects() []string {
 
 // AllInternalSubjects returns true if all the subjects on this policy are internal.
 func (ap *AutomationPolicy) AllInternalSubjects() bool {
-	for _, subj := range ap.subjects {
-		if !certmagic.SubjectIsInternal(subj) {
-			return false
-		}
-	}
-	return true
+	return !slices.ContainsFunc(ap.subjects, func(s string) bool {
+		return !certmagic.SubjectIsInternal(s)
+	})
 }
 
 func (ap *AutomationPolicy) onlyInternalIssuer() bool {

modules/caddytls/certmanagers.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
 	"github.com/tailscale/tscert"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
@@ -46,7 +47,9 @@ func (ts Tailscale) GetCertificate(ctx context.Context, hello *tls.ClientHelloIn
 		return nil, nil // pass-thru: Tailscale can't offer a cert for this name
 	}
 	if err != nil {
-		ts.logger.Warn("could not get status; will try to get certificate anyway", zap.Error(err))
+		if c := ts.logger.Check(zapcore.WarnLevel, "could not get status; will try to get certificate anyway"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(zap.Error(err))
+		}
 	}
 	return tscert.GetCertificateWithContext(ctx, hello)
 }

modules/caddytls/certselection.go

@@ -20,8 +20,11 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
+	"slices"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
+
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
 )
 
 // CustomCertSelectionPolicy represents a policy for selecting the certificate
@@ -70,15 +73,9 @@ nextChoice:
 		}
 
 		if len(p.SubjectOrganization) > 0 {
-			var found bool
-			for _, subjOrg := range p.SubjectOrganization {
-				for _, org := range cert.Leaf.Subject.Organization {
-					if subjOrg == org {
-						found = true
-						break
-					}
-				}
-			}
+			found := slices.ContainsFunc(p.SubjectOrganization, func(s string) bool {
+				return slices.Contains(cert.Leaf.Subject.Organization, s)
+			})
 			if !found {
 				continue
 			}
@@ -122,6 +119,79 @@ nextChoice:
 	return certmagic.DefaultCertificateSelector(hello, viable)
 }
 
+// UnmarshalCaddyfile sets up the CustomCertSelectionPolicy from Caddyfile tokens. Syntax:
+//
+//	cert_selection {
+//		all_tags             <values...>
+//		any_tag              <values...>
+//		public_key_algorithm <dsa|ecdsa|rsa>
+//		serial_number        <big_integers...>
+//		subject_organization <values...>
+//	}
+func (p *CustomCertSelectionPolicy) UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) error {
+	_, wrapper := d.Next(), d.Val() // consume wrapper name
+
+	// No same-line options are supported
+	if d.CountRemainingArgs() > 0 {
+		return d.ArgErr()
+	}
+
+	var hasPublicKeyAlgorithm bool
+	for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
+		optionName := d.Val()
+		switch optionName {
+		case "all_tags":
+			if d.CountRemainingArgs() == 0 {
+				return d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			p.AllTags = append(p.AllTags, d.RemainingArgs()...)
+		case "any_tag":
+			if d.CountRemainingArgs() == 0 {
+				return d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			p.AnyTag = append(p.AnyTag, d.RemainingArgs()...)
+		case "public_key_algorithm":
+			if hasPublicKeyAlgorithm {
+				return d.Errf("duplicate %s option '%s'", wrapper, optionName)
+			}
+			if d.CountRemainingArgs() != 1 {
+				return d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			d.NextArg()
+			if err := p.PublicKeyAlgorithm.UnmarshalJSON([]byte(d.Val())); err != nil {
+				return d.Errf("parsing %s option '%s': %v", wrapper, optionName, err)
+			}
+			hasPublicKeyAlgorithm = true
+		case "serial_number":
+			if d.CountRemainingArgs() == 0 {
+				return d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			for d.NextArg() {
+				val, bi := d.Val(), bigInt{}
+				_, ok := bi.SetString(val, 10)
+				if !ok {
+					return d.Errf("parsing %s option '%s': invalid big.int value %s", wrapper, optionName, val)
+				}
+				p.SerialNumber = append(p.SerialNumber, bi)
+			}
+		case "subject_organization":
+			if d.CountRemainingArgs() == 0 {
+				return d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			p.SubjectOrganization = append(p.SubjectOrganization, d.RemainingArgs()...)
+		default:
+			return d.ArgErr()
+		}
+
+		// No nested blocks are supported
+		if d.NextBlock(nesting + 1) {
+			return d.Errf("malformed %s option '%s': blocks are not supported", wrapper, optionName)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // bigInt is a big.Int type that interops with JSON encodings as a string.
 type bigInt struct{ big.Int }
 
@@ -144,3 +214,6 @@ func (bi *bigInt) UnmarshalJSON(p []byte) error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+// Interface guard
+var _ caddyfile.Unmarshaler = (*CustomCertSelectionPolicy)(nil)

modules/caddytls/cf.go

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-//go:build cfgo
-
-package caddytls
-
-// This file adds support for X25519Kyber768Draft00, a post-quantum
-// key agreement that is currently being rolled out by Chrome [1]
-// and Cloudflare [2,3]. For more context, see the PR [4].
-//
-// [1] https://blog.chromium.org/2023/08/protecting-chrome-traffic-with-hybrid.html
-// [2] https://blog.cloudflare.com/post-quantum-for-all/
-// [3] https://blog.cloudflare.com/post-quantum-to-origins/
-// [4] https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/pull/5852
-
-import (
-	"crypto/tls"
-)
-
-func init() {
-	SupportedCurves["X25519Kyber768Draft00"] = tls.X25519Kyber768Draft00
-	defaultCurves = append(
-		[]tls.CurveID{tls.X25519Kyber768Draft00},
-		defaultCurves...,
-	)
-}

modules/caddytls/connpolicy.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 package caddytls
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"crypto/x509"
 	"encoding/base64"
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v2"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig"
@@ -77,6 +79,14 @@ func (cp ConnectionPolicies) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 				cp[i].ClientAuthentication.verifiers = append(cp[i].ClientAuthentication.verifiers, validator.(ClientCertificateVerifier))
 			}
 		}
+
+		if len(pol.HandshakeContextRaw) > 0 {
+			modIface, err := ctx.LoadModule(pol, "HandshakeContextRaw")
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("loading handshake context module: %v", err)
+			}
+			cp[i].handshakeContext = modIface.(HandshakeContext)
+		}
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -136,6 +146,7 @@ type ConnectionPolicy struct {
 	// How to match this policy with a TLS ClientHello. If
 	// this policy is the first to match, it will be used.
 	MatchersRaw caddy.ModuleMap `json:"match,omitempty" caddy:"namespace=tls.handshake_match"`
+	matchers    []ConnectionMatcher
 
 	// How to choose a certificate if more than one matched
 	// the given ServerName (SNI) value.
@@ -191,6 +202,12 @@ type ConnectionPolicy struct {
 	// This feature is EXPERIMENTAL and subject to change or removal.
 	InsecureSecretsLog string `json:"insecure_secrets_log,omitempty"`
 
+	// A module that can manipulate the context passed into CertMagic's
+	// certificate management functions during TLS handshakes.
+	// EXPERIMENTAL - subject to change or removal.
+	HandshakeContextRaw json.RawMessage `json:"handshake_context,omitempty" caddy:"namespace=tls.context inline_key=module"`
+	handshakeContext    HandshakeContext
+
 	// TLSConfig is the fully-formed, standard lib TLS config
 	// used to serve TLS connections. Provision all
 	// ConnectionPolicies to populate this. It is exported only
@@ -198,8 +215,15 @@ type ConnectionPolicy struct {
 	// if necessary (like to adjust NextProtos to disable HTTP/2),
 	// and may be unexported in the future.
 	TLSConfig *tls.Config `json:"-"`
+}
 
-	matchers []ConnectionMatcher
+type HandshakeContext interface {
+	// HandshakeContext returns a context to pass into CertMagic's
+	// GetCertificate function used to serve, load, and manage certs
+	// during TLS handshakes. Generally you'll start with the context
+	// from the ClientHelloInfo, but you may use other information
+	// from it as well. Return an error to abort the handshake.
+	HandshakeContext(*tls.ClientHelloInfo) (context.Context, error)
 }
 
 func (p *ConnectionPolicy) buildStandardTLSConfig(ctx caddy.Context) error {
@@ -239,7 +263,18 @@ func (p *ConnectionPolicy) buildStandardTLSConfig(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 			}
 			cfg.DefaultServerName = p.DefaultSNI
 			cfg.FallbackServerName = p.FallbackSNI
-			return cfg.GetCertificate(hello)
+
+			// TODO: experimental: if a handshake context module is configured, allow it
+			// to modify the context before passing it into CertMagic's GetCertificate
+			ctx := hello.Context()
+			if p.handshakeContext != nil {
+				ctx, err = p.handshakeContext.HandshakeContext(hello)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("handshake context: %v", err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			return cfg.GetCertificateWithContext(ctx, hello)
 		},
 		MinVersion: tls.VersionTLS12,
 		MaxVersion: tls.VersionTLS13,
@@ -338,8 +373,9 @@ func (p *ConnectionPolicy) buildStandardTLSConfig(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 
 		cfg.KeyLogWriter = logFile.(io.Writer)
 
-		tlsApp.logger.Warn("TLS SECURITY COMPROMISED: secrets logging is enabled!",
-			zap.String("log_filename", filename))
+		if c := tlsApp.logger.Check(zapcore.WarnLevel, "TLS SECURITY COMPROMISED: secrets logging is enabled!"); c != nil {
+			c.Write(zap.String("log_filename", filename))
+		}
 	}
 
 	setDefaultTLSParams(cfg)
@@ -363,6 +399,136 @@ func (p ConnectionPolicy) SettingsEmpty() bool {
 		p.InsecureSecretsLog == ""
 }
 
+// UnmarshalCaddyfile sets up the ConnectionPolicy from Caddyfile tokens. Syntax:
+//
+//	connection_policy {
+//		alpn                  <values...>
+//		cert_selection {
+//			...
+//		}
+//		ciphers               <cipher_suites...>
+//		client_auth {
+//			...
+//		}
+//		curves                <curves...>
+//		default_sni           <server_name>
+//		match {
+//			...
+//		}
+//		protocols             <min> [<max>]
+//		# EXPERIMENTAL:
+//		drop
+//		fallback_sni          <server_name>
+//		insecure_secrets_log  <log_file>
+//	}
+func (cp *ConnectionPolicy) UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) error {
+	_, wrapper := d.Next(), d.Val()
+
+	// No same-line options are supported
+	if d.CountRemainingArgs() > 0 {
+		return d.ArgErr()
+	}
+
+	var hasCertSelection, hasClientAuth, hasDefaultSNI, hasDrop,
+		hasFallbackSNI, hasInsecureSecretsLog, hasMatch, hasProtocols bool
+	for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextBlock(nesting); {
+		optionName := d.Val()
+		switch optionName {
+		case "alpn":
+			if d.CountRemainingArgs() == 0 {
+				return d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			cp.ALPN = append(cp.ALPN, d.RemainingArgs()...)
+		case "cert_selection":
+			if hasCertSelection {
+				return d.Errf("duplicate %s option '%s'", wrapper, optionName)
+			}
+			p := &CustomCertSelectionPolicy{}
+			if err := p.UnmarshalCaddyfile(d.NewFromNextSegment()); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			cp.CertSelection, hasCertSelection = p, true
+		case "client_auth":
+			if hasClientAuth {
+				return d.Errf("duplicate %s option '%s'", wrapper, optionName)
+			}
+			ca := &ClientAuthentication{}
+			if err := ca.UnmarshalCaddyfile(d.NewFromNextSegment()); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			cp.ClientAuthentication, hasClientAuth = ca, true
+		case "ciphers":
+			if d.CountRemainingArgs() == 0 {
+				return d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			cp.CipherSuites = append(cp.CipherSuites, d.RemainingArgs()...)
+		case "curves":
+			if d.CountRemainingArgs() == 0 {
+				return d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			cp.Curves = append(cp.Curves, d.RemainingArgs()...)
+		case "default_sni":
+			if hasDefaultSNI {
+				return d.Errf("duplicate %s option '%s'", wrapper, optionName)
+			}
+			if d.CountRemainingArgs() != 1 {
+				return d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			_, cp.DefaultSNI, hasDefaultSNI = d.NextArg(), d.Val(), true
+		case "drop": // EXPERIMENTAL
+			if hasDrop {
+				return d.Errf("duplicate %s option '%s'", wrapper, optionName)
+			}
+			cp.Drop, hasDrop = true, true
+		case "fallback_sni": // EXPERIMENTAL
+			if hasFallbackSNI {
+				return d.Errf("duplicate %s option '%s'", wrapper, optionName)
+			}
+			if d.CountRemainingArgs() != 1 {
+				return d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			_, cp.FallbackSNI, hasFallbackSNI = d.NextArg(), d.Val(), true
+		case "insecure_secrets_log": // EXPERIMENTAL
+			if hasInsecureSecretsLog {
+				return d.Errf("duplicate %s option '%s'", wrapper, optionName)
+			}
+			if d.CountRemainingArgs() != 1 {
+				return d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			_, cp.InsecureSecretsLog, hasInsecureSecretsLog = d.NextArg(), d.Val(), true
+		case "match":
+			if hasMatch {
+				return d.Errf("duplicate %s option '%s'", wrapper, optionName)
+			}
+			matcherSet, err := ParseCaddyfileNestedMatcherSet(d)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			cp.MatchersRaw, hasMatch = matcherSet, true
+		case "protocols":
+			if hasProtocols {
+				return d.Errf("duplicate %s option '%s'", wrapper, optionName)
+			}
+			if d.CountRemainingArgs() == 0 || d.CountRemainingArgs() > 2 {
+				return d.ArgErr()
+			}
+			_, cp.ProtocolMin, hasProtocols = d.NextArg(), d.Val(), true
+			if d.NextArg() {
+				cp.ProtocolMax = d.Val()
+			}
+		default:
+			return d.ArgErr()
+		}
+
+		// No nested blocks are supported
+		if d.NextBlock(nesting + 1) {
+			return d.Errf("malformed %s option '%s': blocks are not supported", wrapper, optionName)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // ClientAuthentication configures TLS client auth.
 type ClientAuthentication struct {
 	// Certificate authority module which provides the certificate pool of trusted certificates
@@ -423,16 +589,10 @@ type ClientAuthentication struct {
 //	 	trust_pool			   <module> {
 //			...
 //		}
-//		trusted_leaf_cert      <base64_der>
-//		trusted_leaf_cert_file <filename>
 //		verifier               <module>
 //	}
 //
-// If `mode` is not provided, it defaults to `require_and_verify` if any of the following are provided:
-// - `trusted_leaf_certs`
-// - `trusted_leaf_cert_file`
-// - `trust_pool`
-//
+// If `mode` is not provided, it defaults to `require_and_verify` if `trust_pool` is provided.
 // Otherwise, it defaults to `require`.
 func (ca *ClientAuthentication) UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) error {
 	for d.NextArg() {
@@ -636,7 +796,7 @@ func (clientauth *ClientAuthentication) ConfigureTLSConfig(cfg *tls.Config) erro
 		if len(clientauth.TrustedCACerts) > 0 ||
 			len(clientauth.TrustedCACertPEMFiles) > 0 ||
 			len(clientauth.TrustedLeafCerts) > 0 ||
-			clientauth.CARaw != nil {
+			clientauth.CARaw != nil || clientauth.ca != nil {
 			cfg.ClientAuth = tls.RequireAndVerifyClientCert
 		} else {
 			cfg.ClientAuth = tls.RequireAnyClientCert
@@ -711,7 +871,15 @@ func setDefaultTLSParams(cfg *tls.Config) {
 	cfg.CipherSuites = append([]uint16{tls.TLS_FALLBACK_SCSV}, cfg.CipherSuites...)
 
 	if len(cfg.CurvePreferences) == 0 {
-		cfg.CurvePreferences = defaultCurves
+		// We would want to write
+		//
+		//	cfg.CurvePreferences = defaultCurves
+		//
+		// but that would disable the post-quantum key agreement X25519Kyber768
+		// supported in Go 1.23, for which the CurveID is not exported.
+		// Instead, we'll set CurvePreferences to nil, which will enable PQC.
+		// See https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/issues/6540
+		cfg.CurvePreferences = nil
 	}
 
 	if cfg.MinVersion == 0 {
@@ -819,4 +987,46 @@ func (d destructableWriter) Destruct() error { return d.Close() }
 
 var secretsLogPool = caddy.NewUsagePool()
 
-var _ caddyfile.Unmarshaler = (*ClientAuthentication)(nil)
+// Interface guards
+var (
+	_ caddyfile.Unmarshaler = (*ClientAuthentication)(nil)
+	_ caddyfile.Unmarshaler = (*ConnectionPolicy)(nil)
+)
+
+// ParseCaddyfileNestedMatcherSet parses the Caddyfile tokens for a nested
+// matcher set, and returns its raw module map value.
+func ParseCaddyfileNestedMatcherSet(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) (caddy.ModuleMap, error) {
+	matcherMap := make(map[string]ConnectionMatcher)
+
+	tokensByMatcherName := make(map[string][]caddyfile.Token)
+	for nesting := d.Nesting(); d.NextArg() || d.NextBlock(nesting); {
+		matcherName := d.Val()
+		tokensByMatcherName[matcherName] = append(tokensByMatcherName[matcherName], d.NextSegment()...)
+	}
+
+	for matcherName, tokens := range tokensByMatcherName {
+		dd := caddyfile.NewDispenser(tokens)
+		dd.Next() // consume wrapper name
+
+		unm, err := caddyfile.UnmarshalModule(dd, "tls.handshake_match."+matcherName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		cm, ok := unm.(ConnectionMatcher)
+		if !ok {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("matcher module '%s' is not a connection matcher", matcherName)
+		}
+		matcherMap[matcherName] = cm
+	}
+
+	matcherSet := make(caddy.ModuleMap)
+	for name, matcher := range matcherMap {
+		jsonBytes, err := json.Marshal(matcher)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("marshaling %T matcher: %v", matcher, err)
+		}
+		matcherSet[name] = jsonBytes
+	}
+
+	return matcherSet, nil
+}