chore: Bump up to Go 1.19, minimum 1.18 (#4925)

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -19,16 +19,16 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         os: [ ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest ]
-        go: [ '1.17', '1.18' ]
+        go: [ '1.18', '1.19' ]
 
         include:
         # Set the minimum Go patch version for the given Go minor
         # Usable via ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
-        - go: '1.17'
-          GO_SEMVER: '~1.17.9'
-
         - go: '1.18'
-          GO_SEMVER: '~1.18.1'
+          GO_SEMVER: '~1.18.4'
+
+        - go: '1.19'
+          GO_SEMVER: '~1.19.0'
 
         # Set some variables per OS, usable via ${{ matrix.VAR }}
         # CADDY_BIN_PATH: the path to the compiled Caddy binary, for artifact publishing

.github/workflows/cross-build.yml

@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         goos: ['android', 'linux', 'solaris', 'illumos', 'dragonfly', 'freebsd', 'openbsd', 'plan9', 'windows', 'darwin', 'netbsd']
-        go: [ '1.18' ]
+        go: [ '1.19' ]
 
         include:
         # Set the minimum Go patch version for the given Go minor
         # Usable via ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
-        - go: '1.18'
+        - go: '1.19'
-          GO_SEMVER: '~1.18.1'
+          GO_SEMVER: '~1.19.0'
 
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     continue-on-error: true

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v3
         with:
-          go-version: '~1.17.9'
+          go-version: '~1.18.4'
           check-latest: true
 
       - name: golangci-lint

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: [ ubuntu-latest ]
-        go: [ '1.18' ]
+        go: [ '1.19' ]
 
         include:
         # Set the minimum Go patch version for the given Go minor
         # Usable via ${{ matrix.GO_SEMVER }}
-        - go: '1.18'
+        - go: '1.19'
-          GO_SEMVER: '~1.18.1'
+          GO_SEMVER: '~1.19.0'
 
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
 

README.md

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ For other install options, see https://caddyserver.com/docs/install.
 
 Requirements:
 
-- [Go 1.17 or newer](https://golang.org/dl/)
+- [Go 1.18 or newer](https://golang.org/dl/)
 
 ### For development
  

admin.go

@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ func manageIdentity(ctx Context, cfg *Config) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("loading identity issuer modules: %s", err)
 		}
-		for _, issVal := range val.([]interface{}) {
+		for _, issVal := range val.([]any) {
 			cfg.Admin.Identity.issuers = append(cfg.Admin.Identity.issuers, issVal.(certmagic.Issuer))
 		}
 	}
@@ -1034,7 +1034,7 @@ func handleStop(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 // only a read lock; all others need a write lock).
 func unsyncedConfigAccess(method, path string, body []byte, out io.Writer) error {
 	var err error
-	var val interface{}
+	var val any
 
 	// if there is a request body, decode it into the
 	// variable that will be set in the config according
@@ -1071,16 +1071,16 @@ func unsyncedConfigAccess(method, path string, body []byte, out io.Writer) error
 		parts = parts[:len(parts)-1]
 	}
 
-	var ptr interface{} = rawCfg
+	var ptr any = rawCfg
 
 traverseLoop:
 	for i, part := range parts {
 		switch v := ptr.(type) {
-		case map[string]interface{}:
+		case map[string]any:
 			// if the next part enters a slice, and the slice is our destination,
 			// handle it specially (because appending to the slice copies the slice
 			// header, which does not replace the original one like we want)
-			if arr, ok := v[part].([]interface{}); ok && i == len(parts)-2 {
+			if arr, ok := v[part].([]any); ok && i == len(parts)-2 {
 				var idx int
 				if method != http.MethodPost {
 					idxStr := parts[len(parts)-1]
@@ -1102,7 +1102,7 @@ traverseLoop:
 					}
 				case http.MethodPost:
 					if ellipses {
-						valArray, ok := val.([]interface{})
+						valArray, ok := val.([]any)
 						if !ok {
 							return fmt.Errorf("final element is not an array")
 						}
@@ -1137,9 +1137,9 @@ traverseLoop:
 				case http.MethodPost:
 					// if the part is an existing list, POST appends to
 					// it, otherwise it just sets or creates the value
-					if arr, ok := v[part].([]interface{}); ok {
+					if arr, ok := v[part].([]any); ok {
 						if ellipses {
-							valArray, ok := val.([]interface{})
+							valArray, ok := val.([]any)
 							if !ok {
 								return fmt.Errorf("final element is not an array")
 							}
@@ -1170,12 +1170,12 @@ traverseLoop:
 				// might not exist yet; that's OK but we need to make them as
 				// we go, while we still have a pointer from the level above
 				if v[part] == nil && method == http.MethodPut {
-					v[part] = make(map[string]interface{})
+					v[part] = make(map[string]any)
 				}
 				ptr = v[part]
 			}
 
-		case []interface{}:
+		case []any:
 			partInt, err := strconv.Atoi(part)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("[/%s] invalid array index '%s': %v",
@@ -1197,7 +1197,7 @@ traverseLoop:
 
 // RemoveMetaFields removes meta fields like "@id" from a JSON message
 // by using a simple regular expression. (An alternate way to do this
-// would be to delete them from the raw, map[string]interface{}
+// would be to delete them from the raw, map[string]any
 // representation as they are indexed, then iterate the index we made
 // and add them back after encoding as JSON, but this is simpler.)
 func RemoveMetaFields(rawJSON []byte) []byte {
@@ -1329,7 +1329,7 @@ const (
 )
 
 var bufPool = sync.Pool{
-	New: func() interface{} {
+	New: func() any {
 		return new(bytes.Buffer)
 	},
 }

admin_test.go

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ func TestUnsyncedConfigAccess(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 
 		// decode the expected config so we can do a convenient DeepEqual
-		var expectedDecoded interface{}
+		var expectedDecoded any
 		err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(tc.expect), &expectedDecoded)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("Test %d: Unmarshaling expected config: %v", i, err)

caddy.go

@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ func changeConfig(method, path string, input []byte, ifMatchHeader string, force
 			// with what caddy is still running; we need to
 			// unmarshal it again because it's likely that
 			// pointers deep in our rawCfg map were modified
-			var oldCfg interface{}
+			var oldCfg any
 			err2 := json.Unmarshal(rawCfgJSON, &oldCfg)
 			if err2 != nil {
 				err = fmt.Errorf("%v; additionally, restoring old config: %v", err, err2)
@@ -251,9 +251,9 @@ func readConfig(path string, out io.Writer) error {
 // "@id" and maps that ID value to the full configPath in the index.
 // This function is NOT safe for concurrent access; obtain a write lock
 // on currentCtxMu.
-func indexConfigObjects(ptr interface{}, configPath string, index map[string]string) error {
+func indexConfigObjects(ptr any, configPath string, index map[string]string) error {
 	switch val := ptr.(type) {
-	case map[string]interface{}:
+	case map[string]any:
 		for k, v := range val {
 			if k == idKey {
 				switch idVal := v.(type) {
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ func indexConfigObjects(ptr interface{}, configPath string, index map[string]str
 				return err
 			}
 		}
-	case []interface{}:
+	case []any:
 		// traverse each element of the array recursively
 		for i := range val {
 			err := indexConfigObjects(val[i], path.Join(configPath, strconv.Itoa(i)), index)
@@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ var (
 	// to maintain parity with the API endpoint and to avoid
 	// the special case of having to access/mutate the variable
 	// directly without traversing into it.
-	rawCfg = map[string]interface{}{
+	rawCfg = map[string]any{
 		rawConfigKey: nil,
 	}
 

caddyconfig/caddyfile/adapter.go

@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ type Adapter struct {
 }
 
 // Adapt converts the Caddyfile config in body to Caddy JSON.
-func (a Adapter) Adapt(body []byte, options map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, []caddyconfig.Warning, error) {
+func (a Adapter) Adapt(body []byte, options map[string]any) ([]byte, []caddyconfig.Warning, error) {
 	if a.ServerType == nil {
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("no server type")
 	}
 	if options == nil {
-		options = make(map[string]interface{})
+		options = make(map[string]any)
 	}
 
 	filename, _ := options["filename"].(string)
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ type ServerType interface {
 	// (e.g. CLI flags) and creates a Caddy
 	// config, along with any warnings or
 	// an error.
-	Setup([]ServerBlock, map[string]interface{}) (*caddy.Config, []caddyconfig.Warning, error)
+	Setup([]ServerBlock, map[string]any) (*caddy.Config, []caddyconfig.Warning, error)
 }
 
 // UnmarshalModule instantiates a module with the given ID and invokes

caddyconfig/caddyfile/dispenser.go

@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ func (d *Dispenser) ValRaw() string {
 
 // ScalarVal gets value of the current token, converted to the closest
 // scalar type. If there is no token loaded, it returns nil.
-func (d *Dispenser) ScalarVal() interface{} {
+func (d *Dispenser) ScalarVal() any {
 	if d.cursor < 0 || d.cursor >= len(d.tokens) {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ func (d *Dispenser) Err(msg string) error {
 }
 
 // Errf is like Err, but for formatted error messages
-func (d *Dispenser) Errf(format string, args ...interface{}) error {
+func (d *Dispenser) Errf(format string, args ...any) error {
 	return d.WrapErr(fmt.Errorf(format, args...))
 }
 

caddyconfig/configadapters.go

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import (
 // Adapter is a type which can adapt a configuration to Caddy JSON.
 // It returns the results and any warnings, or an error.
 type Adapter interface {
-	Adapt(body []byte, options map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, []Warning, error)
+	Adapt(body []byte, options map[string]any) ([]byte, []Warning, error)
 }
 
 // Warning represents a warning or notice related to conversion.
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ func (w Warning) String() string {
 // are converted to warnings. This is convenient when filling config
 // structs that require a json.RawMessage, without having to worry
 // about errors.
-func JSON(val interface{}, warnings *[]Warning) json.RawMessage {
+func JSON(val any, warnings *[]Warning) json.RawMessage {
 	b, err := json.Marshal(val)
 	if err != nil {
 		if warnings != nil {
@@ -64,9 +64,9 @@ func JSON(val interface{}, warnings *[]Warning) json.RawMessage {
 // for encoding module values where the module name has to be described within
 // the object by a certain key; for example, `"handler": "file_server"` for a
 // file server HTTP handler (fieldName="handler" and fieldVal="file_server").
-// The val parameter must encode into a map[string]interface{} (i.e. it must be
+// The val parameter must encode into a map[string]any (i.e. it must be
 // a struct or map). Any errors are converted into warnings.
-func JSONModuleObject(val interface{}, fieldName, fieldVal string, warnings *[]Warning) json.RawMessage {
+func JSONModuleObject(val any, fieldName, fieldVal string, warnings *[]Warning) json.RawMessage {
 	// encode to a JSON object first
 	enc, err := json.Marshal(val)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ func JSONModuleObject(val interface{}, fieldName, fieldVal string, warnings *[]W
 	}
 
 	// then decode the object
-	var tmp map[string]interface{}
+	var tmp map[string]any
 	err = json.Unmarshal(enc, &tmp)
 	if err != nil {
 		if warnings != nil {

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/addresses.go

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ import (
 // multiple addresses to the same lists of server blocks (a many:many mapping).
 // (Doing this is essentially a map-reduce technique.)
 func (st *ServerType) mapAddressToServerBlocks(originalServerBlocks []serverBlock,
-	options map[string]interface{}) (map[string][]serverBlock, error) {
+	options map[string]any) (map[string][]serverBlock, error) {
 	sbmap := make(map[string][]serverBlock)
 
 	for i, sblock := range originalServerBlocks {
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) consolidateAddrMappings(addrToServerBlocks map[string][]se
 // listenerAddrsForServerBlockKey essentially converts the Caddyfile
 // site addresses to Caddy listener addresses for each server block.
 func (st *ServerType) listenerAddrsForServerBlockKey(sblock serverBlock, key string,
-	options map[string]interface{}) ([]string, error) {
+	options map[string]any) ([]string, error) {
 	addr, err := ParseAddress(key)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing key: %v", err)

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/directives.go

@@ -142,8 +142,8 @@ func RegisterGlobalOption(opt string, setupFunc UnmarshalGlobalFunc) {
 type Helper struct {
 	*caddyfile.Dispenser
 	// State stores intermediate variables during caddyfile adaptation.
-	State        map[string]interface{}
+	State        map[string]any
-	options      map[string]interface{}
+	options      map[string]any
 	warnings     *[]caddyconfig.Warning
 	matcherDefs  map[string]caddy.ModuleMap
 	parentBlock  caddyfile.ServerBlock
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ type Helper struct {
 }
 
 // Option gets the option keyed by name.
-func (h Helper) Option(name string) interface{} {
+func (h Helper) Option(name string) any {
 	return h.options[name]
 }
 
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ func (h Helper) Caddyfiles() []string {
 }
 
 // JSON converts val into JSON. Any errors are added to warnings.
-func (h Helper) JSON(val interface{}) json.RawMessage {
+func (h Helper) JSON(val any) json.RawMessage {
 	return caddyconfig.JSON(val, h.warnings)
 }
 
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ type ConfigValue struct {
 	// The value to be used when building the config.
 	// Generally its type is associated with the
 	// name of the Class.
-	Value interface{}
+	Value any
 
 	directive string
 }
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ type (
 	// tokens from a global option. It is passed the tokens to parse and
 	// existing value from the previous instance of this global option
 	// (if any). It returns the value to associate with this global option.
-	UnmarshalGlobalFunc func(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, existingVal interface{}) (interface{}, error)
+	UnmarshalGlobalFunc func(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, existingVal any) (any, error)
 )
 
 var registeredDirectives = make(map[string]UnmarshalFunc)

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/httptype.go

@@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ type ServerType struct {
 
 // Setup makes a config from the tokens.
 func (st ServerType) Setup(inputServerBlocks []caddyfile.ServerBlock,
-	options map[string]interface{}) (*caddy.Config, []caddyconfig.Warning, error) {
+	options map[string]any) (*caddy.Config, []caddyconfig.Warning, error) {
 	var warnings []caddyconfig.Warning
 	gc := counter{new(int)}
-	state := make(map[string]interface{})
+	state := make(map[string]any)
 
 	// load all the server blocks and associate them with a "pile" of config values
 	originalServerBlocks := make([]serverBlock, 0, len(inputServerBlocks))
@@ -313,14 +313,14 @@ func (st ServerType) Setup(inputServerBlocks []caddyfile.ServerBlock,
 // which is expected to be the first server block if it has zero
 // keys. It returns the updated list of server blocks with the
 // global options block removed, and updates options accordingly.
-func (ServerType) evaluateGlobalOptionsBlock(serverBlocks []serverBlock, options map[string]interface{}) ([]serverBlock, error) {
+func (ServerType) evaluateGlobalOptionsBlock(serverBlocks []serverBlock, options map[string]any) ([]serverBlock, error) {
 	if len(serverBlocks) == 0 || len(serverBlocks[0].block.Keys) > 0 {
 		return serverBlocks, nil
 	}
 
 	for _, segment := range serverBlocks[0].block.Segments {
 		opt := segment.Directive()
-		var val interface{}
+		var val any
 		var err error
 		disp := caddyfile.NewDispenser(segment)
 
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ func (ServerType) evaluateGlobalOptionsBlock(serverBlocks []serverBlock, options
 // to server blocks. Each pairing is essentially a server definition.
 func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 	pairings []sbAddrAssociation,
-	options map[string]interface{},
+	options map[string]any,
 	warnings *[]caddyconfig.Warning,
 	groupCounter counter,
 ) (map[string]*caddyhttp.Server, error) {
@@ -725,7 +725,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) serversFromPairings(
 	return servers, nil
 }
 
-func detectConflictingSchemes(srv *caddyhttp.Server, serverBlocks []serverBlock, options map[string]interface{}) error {
+func detectConflictingSchemes(srv *caddyhttp.Server, serverBlocks []serverBlock, options map[string]any) error {
 	httpPort := strconv.Itoa(caddyhttp.DefaultHTTPPort)
 	if hp, ok := options["http_port"].(int); ok {
 		httpPort = strconv.Itoa(hp)
@@ -1304,7 +1304,7 @@ func WasReplacedPlaceholderShorthand(token string) string {
 
 // tryInt tries to convert val to an integer. If it fails,
 // it downgrades the error to a warning and returns 0.
-func tryInt(val interface{}, warnings *[]caddyconfig.Warning) int {
+func tryInt(val any, warnings *[]caddyconfig.Warning) int {
 	intVal, ok := val.(int)
 	if val != nil && !ok && warnings != nil {
 		*warnings = append(*warnings, caddyconfig.Warning{Message: "not an integer type"})
@@ -1312,7 +1312,7 @@ func tryInt(val interface{}, warnings *[]caddyconfig.Warning) int {
 	return intVal
 }
 
-func tryString(val interface{}, warnings *[]caddyconfig.Warning) string {
+func tryString(val any, warnings *[]caddyconfig.Warning) string {
 	stringVal, ok := val.(string)
 	if val != nil && !ok && warnings != nil {
 		*warnings = append(*warnings, caddyconfig.Warning{Message: "not a string type"})
@@ -1320,7 +1320,7 @@ func tryString(val interface{}, warnings *[]caddyconfig.Warning) string {
 	return stringVal
 }
 
-func tryDuration(val interface{}, warnings *[]caddyconfig.Warning) caddy.Duration {
+func tryDuration(val any, warnings *[]caddyconfig.Warning) caddy.Duration {
 	durationVal, ok := val.(caddy.Duration)
 	if val != nil && !ok && warnings != nil {
 		*warnings = append(*warnings, caddyconfig.Warning{Message: "not a duration type"})

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/options.go

@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ func init() {
 	RegisterGlobalOption("preferred_chains", parseOptPreferredChains)
 }
 
-func parseOptTrue(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) { return true, nil }
+func parseOptTrue(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) { return true, nil }
 
-func parseOptHTTPPort(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+func parseOptHTTPPort(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	var httpPort int
 	for d.Next() {
 		var httpPortStr string
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ func parseOptHTTPPort(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error
 	return httpPort, nil
 }
 
-func parseOptHTTPSPort(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+func parseOptHTTPSPort(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	var httpsPort int
 	for d.Next() {
 		var httpsPortStr string
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ func parseOptHTTPSPort(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, erro
 	return httpsPort, nil
 }
 
-func parseOptOrder(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+func parseOptOrder(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	newOrder := directiveOrder
 
 	for d.Next() {
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ func parseOptOrder(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 	return newOrder, nil
 }
 
-func parseOptStorage(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+func parseOptStorage(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	if !d.Next() { // consume option name
 		return nil, d.ArgErr()
 	}
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ func parseOptStorage(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error)
 	return storage, nil
 }
 
-func parseOptDuration(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+func parseOptDuration(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	if !d.Next() { // consume option name
 		return nil, d.ArgErr()
 	}
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ func parseOptDuration(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error
 	return caddy.Duration(dur), nil
 }
 
-func parseOptACMEDNS(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+func parseOptACMEDNS(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	if !d.Next() { // consume option name
 		return nil, d.ArgErr()
 	}
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ func parseOptACMEDNS(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error)
 	return prov, nil
 }
 
-func parseOptACMEEAB(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+func parseOptACMEEAB(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	eab := new(acme.EAB)
 	for d.Next() {
 		if d.NextArg() {
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ func parseOptACMEEAB(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error)
 	return eab, nil
 }
 
-func parseOptCertIssuer(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, existing interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+func parseOptCertIssuer(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, existing any) (any, error) {
 	var issuers []certmagic.Issuer
 	if existing != nil {
 		issuers = existing.([]certmagic.Issuer)
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ func parseOptCertIssuer(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, existing interface{}) (interface
 	return issuers, nil
 }
 
-func parseOptSingleString(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+func parseOptSingleString(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume parameter name
 	if !d.Next() {
 		return "", d.ArgErr()
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ func parseOptSingleString(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, e
 	return val, nil
 }
 
-func parseOptStringList(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+func parseOptStringList(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume parameter name
 	val := d.RemainingArgs()
 	if len(val) == 0 {
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ func parseOptStringList(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, err
 	return val, nil
 }
 
-func parseOptAdmin(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+func parseOptAdmin(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	adminCfg := new(caddy.AdminConfig)
 	for d.Next() {
 		if d.NextArg() {
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ func parseOptAdmin(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 	return adminCfg, nil
 }
 
-func parseOptOnDemand(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+func parseOptOnDemand(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	var ond *caddytls.OnDemandConfig
 	for d.Next() {
 		if d.NextArg() {
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ func parseOptOnDemand(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error
 	return ond, nil
 }
 
-func parseOptAutoHTTPS(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+func parseOptAutoHTTPS(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume parameter name
 	if !d.Next() {
 		return "", d.ArgErr()
@@ -399,11 +399,11 @@ func parseOptAutoHTTPS(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, erro
 	return val, nil
 }
 
-func parseServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+func parseServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	return unmarshalCaddyfileServerOptions(d)
 }
 
-func parseOCSPStaplingOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+func parseOCSPStaplingOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	d.Next() // consume option name
 	var val string
 	if !d.AllArgs(&val) {
@@ -429,8 +429,7 @@ func parseOCSPStaplingOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{
 //
 // When the name argument is unspecified, this directive modifies the default
 // logger.
-//
+func parseLogOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, existingVal any) (any, error) {
-func parseLogOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, existingVal interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 	currentNames := make(map[string]struct{})
 	if existingVal != nil {
 		innerVals, ok := existingVal.([]ConfigValue)
@@ -465,7 +464,7 @@ func parseLogOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, existingVal interface{}) (interface
 	return configValues, nil
 }
 
-func parseOptPreferredChains(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+func parseOptPreferredChains(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, _ any) (any, error) {
 	d.Next()
 	return caddytls.ParseCaddyfilePreferredChainsOptions(d)
 }

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/pkiapp.go

@@ -45,8 +45,7 @@ func init() {
 //     }
 //
 // When the CA ID is unspecified, 'local' is assumed.
-//
+func parsePKIApp(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, existingVal any) (any, error) {
-func parsePKIApp(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, existingVal interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 	pki := &caddypki.PKI{CAs: make(map[string]*caddypki.CA)}
 
 	for d.Next() {
@@ -160,7 +159,7 @@ func parsePKIApp(d *caddyfile.Dispenser, existingVal interface{}) (interface{},
 
 func (st ServerType) buildPKIApp(
 	pairings []sbAddrAssociation,
-	options map[string]interface{},
+	options map[string]any,
 	warnings []caddyconfig.Warning,
 ) (*caddypki.PKI, []caddyconfig.Warning, error) {
 

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/serveroptions.go

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ type serverOptions struct {
 	ShouldLogCredentials bool
 }
 
-func unmarshalCaddyfileServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) (interface{}, error) {
+func unmarshalCaddyfileServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) (any, error) {
 	serverOpts := serverOptions{}
 	for d.Next() {
 		if d.NextArg() {
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ func unmarshalCaddyfileServerOptions(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) (interface{}, error
 // applyServerOptions sets the server options on the appropriate servers
 func applyServerOptions(
 	servers map[string]*caddyhttp.Server,
-	options map[string]interface{},
+	options map[string]any,
 	warnings *[]caddyconfig.Warning,
 ) error {
 	// If experimental HTTP/3 is enabled, enable it on each server.

caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/tlsapp.go

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ import (
 
 func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 	pairings []sbAddrAssociation,
-	options map[string]interface{},
+	options map[string]any,
 	warnings []caddyconfig.Warning,
 ) (*caddytls.TLS, []caddyconfig.Warning, error) {
 
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ func (st ServerType) buildTLSApp(
 
 type acmeCapable interface{ GetACMEIssuer() *caddytls.ACMEIssuer }
 
-func fillInGlobalACMEDefaults(issuer certmagic.Issuer, options map[string]interface{}) error {
+func fillInGlobalACMEDefaults(issuer certmagic.Issuer, options map[string]any) error {
 	acmeWrapper, ok := issuer.(acmeCapable)
 	if !ok {
 		return nil
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ func fillInGlobalACMEDefaults(issuer certmagic.Issuer, options map[string]interf
 // for any other automation policies. A nil policy (and no error) will be
 // returned if there are no default/global options. However, if always is
 // true, a non-nil value will always be returned (unless there is an error).
-func newBaseAutomationPolicy(options map[string]interface{}, warnings []caddyconfig.Warning, always bool) (*caddytls.AutomationPolicy, error) {
+func newBaseAutomationPolicy(options map[string]any, warnings []caddyconfig.Warning, always bool) (*caddytls.AutomationPolicy, error) {
 	issuers, hasIssuers := options["cert_issuer"]
 	_, hasLocalCerts := options["local_certs"]
 	keyType, hasKeyType := options["key_type"]

caddyconfig/load.go

@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ func adaptByContentType(contentType string, body []byte) ([]byte, []Warning, err
 }
 
 var bufPool = sync.Pool{
-	New: func() interface{} {
+	New: func() any {
 		return new(bytes.Buffer)
 	},
 }

caddytest/caddytest.go

@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ func (tc *Tester) ensureConfigRunning(rawConfig string, configType string) error
 		expectedBytes, _, _ = adapter.Adapt([]byte(rawConfig), nil)
 	}
 
-	var expected interface{}
+	var expected any
 	err := json.Unmarshal(expectedBytes, &expected)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ func (tc *Tester) ensureConfigRunning(rawConfig string, configType string) error
 		Timeout: Default.LoadRequestTimeout,
 	}
 
-	fetchConfig := func(client *http.Client) interface{} {
+	fetchConfig := func(client *http.Client) any {
 		resp, err := client.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/config/", Default.AdminPort))
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ func (tc *Tester) ensureConfigRunning(rawConfig string, configType string) error
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil
 		}
-		var actual interface{}
+		var actual any
 		err = json.Unmarshal(actualBytes, &actual)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ func CompareAdapt(t *testing.T, filename, rawConfig string, adapterName string,
 		return false
 	}
 
-	options := make(map[string]interface{})
+	options := make(map[string]any)
 
 	result, warnings, err := cfgAdapter.Adapt([]byte(rawConfig), options)
 	if err != nil {

cmd/commandfuncs.go

@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ func cmdAdaptConfig(fl Flags) (int, error) {
 			fmt.Errorf("reading input file: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	opts := map[string]interface{}{"filename": adaptCmdInputFlag}
+	opts := map[string]any{"filename": adaptCmdInputFlag}
 
 	adaptedConfig, warnings, err := cfgAdapter.Adapt(input, opts)
 	if err != nil {

cmd/main.go

@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ func LoadConfig(configFile, adapterName string) ([]byte, string, error) {
 
 	// adapt config
 	if cfgAdapter != nil {
-		adaptedConfig, warnings, err := cfgAdapter.Adapt(config, map[string]interface{}{
+		adaptedConfig, warnings, err := cfgAdapter.Adapt(config, map[string]any{
 			"filename": configFile,
 		})
 		if err != nil {

cmd/packagesfuncs.go

@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ func getModules() (standard, nonstandard, unknown []moduleInfo, err error) {
 		// can use reflection but we need a non-pointer value (I'm
 		// not sure why), and since New() should return a pointer
 		// value, we need to dereference it first
-		iface := interface{}(modInfo.New())
+		iface := any(modInfo.New())
 		if rv := reflect.ValueOf(iface); rv.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
 			iface = reflect.New(reflect.TypeOf(iface).Elem()).Elem().Interface()
 		}

context.go

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ import (
 // not actually need to do this).
 type Context struct {
 	context.Context
-	moduleInstances map[string][]interface{}
+	moduleInstances map[string][]any
 	cfg             *Config
 	cleanupFuncs    []func()
 }
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ type Context struct {
 // modules which are loaded will be properly unloaded.
 // See standard library context package's documentation.
 func NewContext(ctx Context) (Context, context.CancelFunc) {
-	newCtx := Context{moduleInstances: make(map[string][]interface{}), cfg: ctx.cfg}
+	newCtx := Context{moduleInstances: make(map[string][]any), cfg: ctx.cfg}
 	c, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx.Context)
 	wrappedCancel := func() {
 		cancel()
@@ -90,11 +90,11 @@ func (ctx *Context) OnCancel(f func()) {
 // ModuleMap may be used in place of map[string]json.RawMessage. The return value's
 // underlying type mirrors the input field's type:
 //
-//    json.RawMessage              => interface{}
+//    json.RawMessage              => any
-//    []json.RawMessage            => []interface{}
+//    []json.RawMessage            => []any
-//    [][]json.RawMessage          => [][]interface{}
+//    [][]json.RawMessage          => [][]any
-//    map[string]json.RawMessage   => map[string]interface{}
+//    map[string]json.RawMessage   => map[string]any
-//    []map[string]json.RawMessage => []map[string]interface{}
+//    []map[string]json.RawMessage => []map[string]any
 //
 // The field must have a "caddy" struct tag in this format:
 //
@@ -121,14 +121,14 @@ func (ctx *Context) OnCancel(f func()) {
 // in order to know the module name.
 //
 // To make use of the loaded module(s) (the return value), you will probably want
-// to type-assert each interface{} value(s) to the types that are useful to you
+// to type-assert each 'any' value(s) to the types that are useful to you
 // and store them on the same struct. Storing them on the same struct makes for
 // easy garbage collection when your host module is no longer needed.
 //
 // Loaded modules have already been provisioned and validated. Upon returning
 // successfully, this method clears the json.RawMessage(s) in the field since
 // the raw JSON is no longer needed, and this allows the GC to free up memory.
-func (ctx Context) LoadModule(structPointer interface{}, fieldName string) (interface{}, error) {
+func (ctx Context) LoadModule(structPointer any, fieldName string) (any, error) {
 	val := reflect.ValueOf(structPointer).Elem().FieldByName(fieldName)
 	typ := val.Type()
 
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ func (ctx Context) LoadModule(structPointer interface{}, fieldName string) (inte
 	}
 	inlineModuleKey := opts["inline_key"]
 
-	var result interface{}
+	var result any
 
 	switch val.Kind() {
 	case reflect.Slice:
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ func (ctx Context) LoadModule(structPointer interface{}, fieldName string) (inte
 			if inlineModuleKey == "" {
 				panic("unable to determine module name without inline_key because type is not a ModuleMap")
 			}
-			var all []interface{}
+			var all []any
 			for i := 0; i < val.Len(); i++ {
 				val, err := ctx.loadModuleInline(inlineModuleKey, moduleNamespace, val.Index(i).Interface().(json.RawMessage))
 				if err != nil {
@@ -186,10 +186,10 @@ func (ctx Context) LoadModule(structPointer interface{}, fieldName string) (inte
 			if inlineModuleKey == "" {
 				panic("unable to determine module name without inline_key because type is not a ModuleMap")
 			}
-			var all [][]interface{}
+			var all [][]any
 			for i := 0; i < val.Len(); i++ {
 				innerVal := val.Index(i)
-				var allInner []interface{}
+				var allInner []any
 				for j := 0; j < innerVal.Len(); j++ {
 					innerInnerVal, err := ctx.loadModuleInline(inlineModuleKey, moduleNamespace, innerVal.Index(j).Interface().(json.RawMessage))
 					if err != nil {
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ func (ctx Context) LoadModule(structPointer interface{}, fieldName string) (inte
 		} else if isModuleMapType(typ.Elem()) {
 			// val is `[]map[string]json.RawMessage`
 
-			var all []map[string]interface{}
+			var all []map[string]any
 			for i := 0; i < val.Len(); i++ {
 				thisSet, err := ctx.loadModulesFromSomeMap(moduleNamespace, inlineModuleKey, val.Index(i))
 				if err != nil {
@@ -232,10 +232,10 @@ func (ctx Context) LoadModule(structPointer interface{}, fieldName string) (inte
 	return result, nil
 }
 
-// loadModulesFromSomeMap loads modules from val, which must be a type of map[string]interface{}.
+// loadModulesFromSomeMap loads modules from val, which must be a type of map[string]any.
 // Depending on inlineModuleKey, it will be interpreted as either a ModuleMap (key is the module
 // name) or as a regular map (key is not the module name, and module name is defined inline).
-func (ctx Context) loadModulesFromSomeMap(namespace, inlineModuleKey string, val reflect.Value) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+func (ctx Context) loadModulesFromSomeMap(namespace, inlineModuleKey string, val reflect.Value) (map[string]any, error) {
 	// if no inline_key is specified, then val must be a ModuleMap,
 	// where the key is the module name
 	if inlineModuleKey == "" {
@@ -253,8 +253,8 @@ func (ctx Context) loadModulesFromSomeMap(namespace, inlineModuleKey string, val
 // loadModulesFromRegularMap loads modules from val, where val is a map[string]json.RawMessage.
 // Map keys are NOT interpreted as module names, so module names are still expected to appear
 // inline with the objects.
-func (ctx Context) loadModulesFromRegularMap(namespace, inlineModuleKey string, val reflect.Value) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+func (ctx Context) loadModulesFromRegularMap(namespace, inlineModuleKey string, val reflect.Value) (map[string]any, error) {
-	mods := make(map[string]interface{})
+	mods := make(map[string]any)
 	iter := val.MapRange()
 	for iter.Next() {
 		k := iter.Key()
@@ -268,10 +268,10 @@ func (ctx Context) loadModulesFromRegularMap(namespace, inlineModuleKey string,
 	return mods, nil
 }
 
-// loadModuleMap loads modules from a ModuleMap, i.e. map[string]interface{}, where the key is the
+// loadModuleMap loads modules from a ModuleMap, i.e. map[string]any, where the key is the
 // module name. With a module map, module names do not need to be defined inline with their values.
-func (ctx Context) loadModuleMap(namespace string, val reflect.Value) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+func (ctx Context) loadModuleMap(namespace string, val reflect.Value) (map[string]any, error) {
-	all := make(map[string]interface{})
+	all := make(map[string]any)
 	iter := val.MapRange()
 	for iter.Next() {
 		k := iter.Key().Interface().(string)
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ func (ctx Context) loadModuleMap(namespace string, val reflect.Value) (map[strin
 // directly by most modules. However, this method is useful when
 // dynamically loading/unloading modules in their own context,
 // like from embedded scripts, etc.
-func (ctx Context) LoadModuleByID(id string, rawMsg json.RawMessage) (interface{}, error) {
+func (ctx Context) LoadModuleByID(id string, rawMsg json.RawMessage) (any, error) {
 	modulesMu.RLock()
 	mod, ok := modules[id]
 	modulesMu.RUnlock()
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ func (ctx Context) LoadModuleByID(id string, rawMsg json.RawMessage) (interface{
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("module '%s' has no constructor", mod.ID)
 	}
 
-	val := mod.New().(interface{})
+	val := mod.New().(any)
 
 	// value must be a pointer for unmarshaling into concrete type, even if
 	// the module's concrete type is a slice or map; New() *should* return
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ func (ctx Context) LoadModuleByID(id string, rawMsg json.RawMessage) (interface{
 }
 
 // loadModuleInline loads a module from a JSON raw message which decodes to
-// a map[string]interface{}, where one of the object keys is moduleNameKey
+// a map[string]any, where one of the object keys is moduleNameKey
 // and the corresponding value is the module name (as a string) which can
 // be found in the given scope. In other words, the module name is declared
 // in-line with the module itself.
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ func (ctx Context) LoadModuleByID(id string, rawMsg json.RawMessage) (interface{
 // multiple instances in the map or it appears in an array (where there are
 // no custom keys). In other words, the key containing the module name is
 // treated special/separate from all the other keys in the object.
-func (ctx Context) loadModuleInline(moduleNameKey, moduleScope string, raw json.RawMessage) (interface{}, error) {
+func (ctx Context) loadModuleInline(moduleNameKey, moduleScope string, raw json.RawMessage) (any, error) {
 	moduleName, raw, err := getModuleNameInline(moduleNameKey, raw)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ func (ctx Context) loadModuleInline(moduleNameKey, moduleScope string, raw json.
 // called during the Provision/Validate phase to reference a
 // module's own host app (since the parent app module is still
 // in the process of being provisioned, it is not yet ready).
-func (ctx Context) App(name string) (interface{}, error) {
+func (ctx Context) App(name string) (any, error) {
 	if app, ok := ctx.cfg.apps[name]; ok {
 		return app, nil
 	}

context_test.go

@@ -71,13 +71,13 @@ func ExampleContext_LoadModule_array() {
 		},
 	}
 
-	// since our input is []json.RawMessage, the output will be []interface{}
+	// since our input is []json.RawMessage, the output will be []any
 	mods, err := ctx.LoadModule(myStruct, "GuestModulesRaw")
 	if err != nil {
 		// you'd want to actually handle the error here
 		// return fmt.Errorf("loading guest modules: %v", err)
 	}
-	for _, mod := range mods.([]interface{}) {
+	for _, mod := range mods.([]any) {
 		myStruct.guestModules = append(myStruct.guestModules, mod.(io.Writer))
 	}
 
@@ -104,13 +104,13 @@ func ExampleContext_LoadModule_map() {
 		},
 	}
 
-	// since our input is map[string]json.RawMessage, the output will be map[string]interface{}
+	// since our input is map[string]json.RawMessage, the output will be map[string]any
 	mods, err := ctx.LoadModule(myStruct, "GuestModulesRaw")
 	if err != nil {
 		// you'd want to actually handle the error here
 		// return fmt.Errorf("loading guest modules: %v", err)
 	}
-	for modName, mod := range mods.(map[string]interface{}) {
+	for modName, mod := range mods.(map[string]any) {
 		myStruct.guestModules[modName] = mod.(io.Writer)
 	}
 

go.mod

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2
 
-go 1.17
+go 1.18
 
 require (
 	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.2.0

modules.go

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ import (
 // Provisioner, the Provision() method is called. 4) If the
 // module is a Validator, the Validate() method is called.
 // 5) The module will probably be type-asserted from
-// interface{} to some other, more useful interface expected
+// 'any' to some other, more useful interface expected
 // by the host module. For example, HTTP handler modules are
 // type-asserted as caddyhttp.MiddlewareHandler values.
 // 6) When a module's containing Context is canceled, if it is
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ func GetModule(name string) (ModuleInfo, error) {
 // GetModuleName returns a module's name (the last label of its ID)
 // from an instance of its value. If the value is not a module, an
 // empty string will be returned.
-func GetModuleName(instance interface{}) string {
+func GetModuleName(instance any) string {
 	var name string
 	if mod, ok := instance.(Module); ok {
 		name = mod.CaddyModule().ID.Name()
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ func GetModuleName(instance interface{}) string {
 
 // GetModuleID returns a module's ID from an instance of its value.
 // If the value is not a module, an empty string will be returned.
-func GetModuleID(instance interface{}) string {
+func GetModuleID(instance any) string {
 	var id string
 	if mod, ok := instance.(Module); ok {
 		id = string(mod.CaddyModule().ID)
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ func Modules() []string {
 // where raw must be a JSON encoding of a map. It returns that value,
 // along with the result of removing that key from raw.
 func getModuleNameInline(moduleNameKey string, raw json.RawMessage) (string, json.RawMessage, error) {
-	var tmp map[string]interface{}
+	var tmp map[string]any
 	err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &tmp)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", nil, err
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ func ParseStructTag(tag string) (map[string]string, error) {
 // if any of the fields are unrecognized. Useful when decoding
 // module configurations, where you want to be more sure they're
 // correct.
-func strictUnmarshalJSON(data []byte, v interface{}) error {
+func strictUnmarshalJSON(data []byte, v any) error {
 	dec := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(data))
 	dec.DisallowUnknownFields()
 	return dec.Decode(v)

modules/caddyhttp/app.go

@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ func (app *App) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 				return fmt.Errorf("loading listener wrapper modules: %v", err)
 			}
 			var hasTLSPlaceholder bool
-			for i, val := range vals.([]interface{}) {
+			for i, val := range vals.([]any) {
 				if _, ok := val.(*tlsPlaceholderWrapper); ok {
 					if i == 0 {
 						// putting the tls placeholder wrapper first is nonsensical because

modules/caddyhttp/caddyauth/caddyauth.go

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ func (a *Authentication) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("loading authentication providers: %v", err)
 	}
-	for modName, modIface := range mods.(map[string]interface{}) {
+	for modName, modIface := range mods.(map[string]any) {
 		a.Providers[modName] = modIface.(Authenticator)
 	}
 	return nil

modules/caddyhttp/celmatcher.go

@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ var httpRequestCELType = types.NewTypeValue("http.Request", traits.ReceiverType)
 // drops allocation costs for CEL expression evaluations by roughly half.
 type celHTTPRequest struct{ *http.Request }
 
-func (cr celHTTPRequest) ResolveName(name string) (interface{}, bool) {
+func (cr celHTTPRequest) ResolveName(name string) (any, bool) {
 	if name == "request" {
 		return cr, true
 	}
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ func (cr celHTTPRequest) Parent() interpreter.Activation {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (cr celHTTPRequest) ConvertToNative(typeDesc reflect.Type) (interface{}, error) {
+func (cr celHTTPRequest) ConvertToNative(typeDesc reflect.Type) (any, error) {
 	return cr.Request, nil
 }
 func (celHTTPRequest) ConvertToType(typeVal ref.Type) ref.Val {
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ func (cr celHTTPRequest) Equal(other ref.Val) ref.Val {
 	return types.ValOrErr(other, "%v is not comparable type", other)
 }
 func (celHTTPRequest) Type() ref.Type { return httpRequestCELType }
-func (cr celHTTPRequest) Value() interface{} { return cr }
+func (cr celHTTPRequest) Value() any  { return cr }
 
 var pkixNameCELType = types.NewTypeValue("pkix.Name", traits.ReceiverType)
 
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ var pkixNameCELType = types.NewTypeValue("pkix.Name", traits.ReceiverType)
 // methods to satisfy the ref.Val interface.
 type celPkixName struct{ *pkix.Name }
 
-func (pn celPkixName) ConvertToNative(typeDesc reflect.Type) (interface{}, error) {
+func (pn celPkixName) ConvertToNative(typeDesc reflect.Type) (any, error) {
 	return pn.Name, nil
 }
 func (celPkixName) ConvertToType(typeVal ref.Type) ref.Val {
@@ -263,12 +263,12 @@ func (pn celPkixName) Equal(other ref.Val) ref.Val {
 	return types.ValOrErr(other, "%v is not comparable type", other)
 }
 func (celPkixName) Type() ref.Type { return pkixNameCELType }
-func (pn celPkixName) Value() interface{} { return pn }
+func (pn celPkixName) Value() any  { return pn }
 
 // celTypeAdapter can adapt our custom types to a CEL value.
 type celTypeAdapter struct{}
 
-func (celTypeAdapter) NativeToValue(value interface{}) ref.Val {
+func (celTypeAdapter) NativeToValue(value any) ref.Val {
 	switch v := value.(type) {
 	case celHTTPRequest:
 		return v
@@ -545,17 +545,17 @@ func celMatcherJSONMacroExpander(funcName string) parser.MacroExpander {
 // CELValueToMapStrList converts a CEL value to a map[string][]string
 //
 // Earlier validation stages should guarantee that the value has this type
-// at compile time, and that the runtime value type is map[string]interface{}.
+// at compile time, and that the runtime value type is map[string]any.
 // The reason for the slight difference in value type is that CEL allows for
 // map literals containing heterogeneous values, in this case string and list
 // of string.
 func CELValueToMapStrList(data ref.Val) (map[string][]string, error) {
-	mapStrType := reflect.TypeOf(map[string]interface{}{})
+	mapStrType := reflect.TypeOf(map[string]any{})
 	mapStrRaw, err := data.ConvertToNative(mapStrType)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	mapStrIface := mapStrRaw.(map[string]interface{})
+	mapStrIface := mapStrRaw.(map[string]any)
 	mapStrListStr := make(map[string][]string, len(mapStrIface))
 	for k, v := range mapStrIface {
 		switch val := v.(type) {

modules/caddyhttp/encode/encode.go

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ func (enc *Encode) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("loading encoder modules: %v", err)
 	}
-	for modName, modIface := range mods.(map[string]interface{}) {
+	for modName, modIface := range mods.(map[string]any) {
 		err = enc.addEncoding(modIface.(Encoding))
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("adding encoding %s: %v", modName, err)
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ func (enc *Encode) addEncoding(e Encoding) error {
 		enc.writerPools = make(map[string]*sync.Pool)
 	}
 	enc.writerPools[ae] = &sync.Pool{
-		New: func() interface{} {
+		New: func() any {
 			return e.NewEncoder()
 		},
 	}
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ type Precompressed interface {
 }
 
 var bufPool = sync.Pool{
-	New: func() interface{} {
+	New: func() any {
 		return new(bytes.Buffer)
 	},
 }

modules/caddyhttp/fileserver/browse.go

@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ type templateContext struct {
 
 // bufPool is used to increase the efficiency of file listings.
 var bufPool = sync.Pool{
-	New: func() interface{} {
+	New: func() any {
 		return new(bytes.Buffer)
 	},
 }

modules/caddyhttp/fileserver/staticfiles.go

@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("loading encoder modules: %v", err)
 	}
-	for modName, modIface := range mods.(map[string]interface{}) {
+	for modName, modIface := range mods.(map[string]any) {
 		p, ok := modIface.(encode.Precompressed)
 		if !ok {
 			return fmt.Errorf("module %s is not precompressor", modName)

modules/caddyhttp/map/caddyfile.go

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ func parseCaddyfile(h httpcaddyfile.Helper) (caddyhttp.MiddlewareHandler, error)
 
 			// every other line maps one input to one or more outputs
 			in := h.Val()
-			var outs []interface{}
+			var outs []any
 			for h.NextArg() {
 				val := h.ScalarVal()
 				if val == "-" {

modules/caddyhttp/map/map.go

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ func (h Handler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next caddyhtt
 	repl := r.Context().Value(caddy.ReplacerCtxKey).(*caddy.Replacer)
 
 	// defer work until a variable is actually evaluated by using replacer's Map callback
-	repl.Map(func(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
+	repl.Map(func(key string) (any, bool) {
 		// return early if the variable is not even a configured destination
 		destIdx := h.destinationIndex(key)
 		if destIdx < 0 {
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ type Mapping struct {
 	// Upon a match with the input, each output is positionally correlated
 	// with each destination of the parent handler. An output that is null
 	// (nil) will be treated as if it was not mapped at all.
-	Outputs []interface{} `json:"outputs,omitempty"`
+	Outputs []any `json:"outputs,omitempty"`
 
 	re *regexp.Regexp
 }

modules/caddyhttp/map/map_test.go

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ func TestHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	for i, tc := range []struct {
 		handler Handler
 		reqURI  string
-		expect  map[string]interface{}
+		expect  map[string]any
 	}{
 		{
 			reqURI: "/foo",
@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ func TestHandler(t *testing.T) {
 				Mappings: []Mapping{
 					{
 						Input:   "/foo",
-						Outputs: []interface{}{"FOO"},
+						Outputs: []any{"FOO"},
 					},
 				},
 			},
-			expect: map[string]interface{}{
+			expect: map[string]any{
 				"output": "FOO",
 			},
 		},
@@ -41,11 +41,11 @@ func TestHandler(t *testing.T) {
 				Mappings: []Mapping{
 					{
 						InputRegexp: "(/abc)",
-						Outputs:     []interface{}{"ABC"},
+						Outputs:     []any{"ABC"},
 					},
 				},
 			},
-			expect: map[string]interface{}{
+			expect: map[string]any{
 				"output": "ABC",
 			},
 		},
@@ -57,11 +57,11 @@ func TestHandler(t *testing.T) {
 				Mappings: []Mapping{
 					{
 						InputRegexp: "(xyz)",
-						Outputs:     []interface{}{"...${1}..."},
+						Outputs:     []any{"...${1}..."},
 					},
 				},
 			},
-			expect: map[string]interface{}{
+			expect: map[string]any{
 				"output": "...xyz...",
 			},
 		},
@@ -74,11 +74,11 @@ func TestHandler(t *testing.T) {
 				Mappings: []Mapping{
 					{
 						InputRegexp: "(?i)(\\^|`|<|>|%|\\\\|\\{|\\}|\\|)",
-						Outputs:     []interface{}{"3"},
+						Outputs:     []any{"3"},
 					},
 				},
 			},
-			expect: map[string]interface{}{
+			expect: map[string]any{
 				"output": "3",
 			},
 		},
@@ -90,11 +90,11 @@ func TestHandler(t *testing.T) {
 				Mappings: []Mapping{
 					{
 						Input:   "/foo",
-						Outputs: []interface{}{"{testvar}"},
+						Outputs: []any{"{testvar}"},
 					},
 				},
 			},
-			expect: map[string]interface{}{
+			expect: map[string]any{
 				"output": "testing",
 			},
 		},

modules/caddyhttp/matchers.go

@@ -1032,7 +1032,7 @@ func (m *MatchNot) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("loading matcher sets: %v", err)
 	}
-	for _, modMap := range matcherSets.([]map[string]interface{}) {
+	for _, modMap := range matcherSets.([]map[string]any) {
 		var ms MatcherSet
 		for _, modIface := range modMap {
 			ms = append(ms, modIface.(RequestMatcher))

modules/caddyhttp/matchers_test.go

@@ -807,7 +807,7 @@ func TestVarREMatcher(t *testing.T) {
 			req := &http.Request{URL: new(url.URL), Method: http.MethodGet}
 			repl := caddy.NewReplacer()
 			ctx := context.WithValue(req.Context(), caddy.ReplacerCtxKey, repl)
-			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, VarsCtxKey, make(map[string]interface{}))
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, VarsCtxKey, make(map[string]any))
 			req = req.WithContext(ctx)
 
 			addHTTPVarsToReplacer(repl, req, httptest.NewRecorder())

modules/caddyhttp/replacer.go

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ func addHTTPVarsToReplacer(repl *caddy.Replacer, req *http.Request, w http.Respo
 	SetVar(req.Context(), "start_time", time.Now())
 	SetVar(req.Context(), "uuid", new(requestID))
 
-	httpVars := func(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
+	httpVars := func(key string) (any, bool) {
 		if req != nil {
 			// query string parameters
 			if strings.HasPrefix(key, reqURIQueryReplPrefix) {
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ func addHTTPVarsToReplacer(repl *caddy.Replacer, req *http.Request, w http.Respo
 			// middleware variables
 			if strings.HasPrefix(key, varsReplPrefix) {
 				varName := key[len(varsReplPrefix):]
-				tbl := req.Context().Value(VarsCtxKey).(map[string]interface{})
+				tbl := req.Context().Value(VarsCtxKey).(map[string]any)
 				raw := tbl[varName]
 				// variables can be dynamic, so always return true
 				// even when it may not be set; treat as empty then
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ func addHTTPVarsToReplacer(repl *caddy.Replacer, req *http.Request, w http.Respo
 	repl.Map(httpVars)
 }
 
-func getReqTLSReplacement(req *http.Request, key string) (interface{}, bool) {
+func getReqTLSReplacement(req *http.Request, key string) (any, bool) {
 	if req == nil || req.TLS == nil {
 		return nil, false
 	}
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ func getReqTLSReplacement(req *http.Request, key string) (interface{}, bool) {
 		if strings.HasPrefix(field, "client.san.") {
 			field = field[len("client.san."):]
 			var fieldName string
-			var fieldValue interface{}
+			var fieldValue any
 			switch {
 			case strings.HasPrefix(field, "dns_names"):
 				fieldName = "dns_names"
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ func getReqTLSReplacement(req *http.Request, key string) (interface{}, bool) {
 }
 
 // marshalPublicKey returns the byte encoding of pubKey.
-func marshalPublicKey(pubKey interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+func marshalPublicKey(pubKey any) ([]byte, error) {
 	switch key := pubKey.(type) {
 	case *rsa.PublicKey:
 		return asn1.Marshal(key)

modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy/admin.go

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ func (adminUpstreams) handleUpstreams(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) er
 
 	// Iterate over the upstream pool (needs to be fast)
 	var rangeErr error
-	hosts.Range(func(key, val interface{}) bool {
+	hosts.Range(func(key, val any) bool {
 		address, ok := key.(string)
 		if !ok {
 			rangeErr = caddy.APIError{

modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy/healthchecks.go

@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ func (h *Handler) doActiveHealthCheck(dialInfo DialInfo, hostAddr string, upstre
 	// attach dialing information to this request
 	ctx := h.ctx.Context
 	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, caddy.ReplacerCtxKey, caddy.NewReplacer())
-	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, caddyhttp.VarsCtxKey, map[string]interface{}{
+	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, caddyhttp.VarsCtxKey, map[string]any{
 		dialInfoVarKey: dialInfo,
 	})
 	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, u.String(), nil)

modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy/reverseproxy.go

@@ -1317,7 +1317,7 @@ func (brc bodyReadCloser) Close() error {
 
 // bufPool is used for buffering requests and responses.
 var bufPool = sync.Pool{
-	New: func() interface{} {
+	New: func() any {
 		return new(bytes.Buffer)
 	},
 }

modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy/streaming.go

@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ func (c switchProtocolCopier) copyToBackend(errc chan<- error) {
 }
 
 var streamingBufPool = sync.Pool{
-	New: func() interface{} {
+	New: func() any {
 		// The Pool's New function should generally only return pointer
 		// types, since a pointer can be put into the return interface
 		// value without an allocation

modules/caddyhttp/rewrite/rewrite.go

@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ func buildQueryString(qs string, repl *caddy.Replacer) string {
 
 		// consume the component and write the result
 		comp := qs[:end]
-		comp, _ = repl.ReplaceFunc(comp, func(name string, val interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		comp, _ = repl.ReplaceFunc(comp, func(name string, val any) (any, error) {
 			if name == "http.request.uri.query" && wroteVal {
 				return val, nil // already escaped
 			}

modules/caddyhttp/routes.go

@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ func (routes RouteList) ProvisionHandlers(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("route %d: loading handler modules: %v", i, err)
 		}
-		for _, handler := range handlersIface.([]interface{}) {
+		for _, handler := range handlersIface.([]any) {
 			routes[i].Handlers = append(routes[i].Handlers, handler.(MiddlewareHandler))
 		}
 
@@ -315,9 +315,9 @@ func (ms MatcherSets) AnyMatch(req *http.Request) bool {
 	return len(ms) == 0
 }
 
-// FromInterface fills ms from an interface{} value obtained from LoadModule.
+// FromInterface fills ms from an 'any' value obtained from LoadModule.
-func (ms *MatcherSets) FromInterface(matcherSets interface{}) error {
+func (ms *MatcherSets) FromInterface(matcherSets any) error {
-	for _, matcherSetIfaces := range matcherSets.([]map[string]interface{}) {
+	for _, matcherSetIfaces := range matcherSets.([]map[string]any) {
 		var matcherSet MatcherSet
 		for _, matcher := range matcherSetIfaces {
 			reqMatcher, ok := matcher.(RequestMatcher)

modules/caddyhttp/server.go

@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ func PrepareRequest(r *http.Request, repl *caddy.Replacer, w http.ResponseWriter
 	// set up the context for the request
 	ctx := context.WithValue(r.Context(), caddy.ReplacerCtxKey, repl)
 	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, ServerCtxKey, s)
-	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, VarsCtxKey, make(map[string]interface{}))
+	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, VarsCtxKey, make(map[string]any))
 	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, routeGroupCtxKey, make(map[string]struct{}))
 	var url2 url.URL // avoid letting this escape to the heap
 	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, OriginalRequestCtxKey, originalRequest(r, &url2))

modules/caddyhttp/staticresp.go

@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ func cmdRespond(fl caddycmd.Flags) (int, error) {
 	// build headers map
 	hdr := make(http.Header)
 	for i, h := range respondCmdHeaders {
-		key, val, found := cut(h, ":") // TODO: use strings.Cut() once Go 1.18 is our minimum
+		key, val, found := strings.Cut(h, ":")
 		key, val = strings.TrimSpace(key), strings.TrimSpace(val)
 		if !found || key == "" || val == "" {
 			return caddy.ExitCodeFailedStartup, fmt.Errorf("header %d: invalid format \"%s\" (expecting \"Field: value\")", i, h)
@@ -395,14 +395,6 @@ func cmdRespond(fl caddycmd.Flags) (int, error) {
 	select {}
 }
 
-// TODO: delete this and use strings.Cut() once Go 1.18 is our minimum
-func cut(s, sep string) (before, after string, found bool) {
-	if i := strings.Index(s, sep); i >= 0 {
-		return s[:i], s[i+len(sep):], true
-	}
-	return s, "", false
-}
-
 // respondCmdHeaders holds the parsed values from repeated use of the --header flag.
 var respondCmdHeaders caddycmd.StringSlice
 

modules/caddyhttp/templates/frontmatter.go

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
 
-func extractFrontMatter(input string) (map[string]interface{}, string, error) {
+func extractFrontMatter(input string) (map[string]any, string, error) {
 	// get the bounds of the first non-empty line
 	var firstLineStart, firstLineEnd int
 	lineEmpty := true
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ func extractFrontMatter(input string) (map[string]interface{}, string, error) {
 
 	// see what kind of front matter there is, if any
 	var closingFence []string
-	var fmParser func([]byte) (map[string]interface{}, error)
+	var fmParser func([]byte) (map[string]any, error)
 	for _, fmType := range supportedFrontMatterTypes {
 		if firstLine == fmType.FenceOpen {
 			closingFence = fmType.FenceClose
@@ -77,35 +77,35 @@ func extractFrontMatter(input string) (map[string]interface{}, string, error) {
 	return fm, body, nil
 }
 
-func yamlFrontMatter(input []byte) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+func yamlFrontMatter(input []byte) (map[string]any, error) {
-	m := make(map[string]interface{})
+	m := make(map[string]any)
 	err := yaml.Unmarshal(input, &m)
 	return m, err
 }
 
-func tomlFrontMatter(input []byte) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+func tomlFrontMatter(input []byte) (map[string]any, error) {
-	m := make(map[string]interface{})
+	m := make(map[string]any)
 	err := toml.Unmarshal(input, &m)
 	return m, err
 }
 
-func jsonFrontMatter(input []byte) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+func jsonFrontMatter(input []byte) (map[string]any, error) {
 	input = append([]byte{'{'}, input...)
 	input = append(input, '}')
-	m := make(map[string]interface{})
+	m := make(map[string]any)
 	err := json.Unmarshal(input, &m)
 	return m, err
 }
 
 type parsedMarkdownDoc struct {
-	Meta map[string]interface{} `json:"meta,omitempty"`
+	Meta map[string]any `json:"meta,omitempty"`
 	Body string         `json:"body,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type frontMatterType struct {
 	FenceOpen  string
 	FenceClose []string
-	ParseFunc  func(input []byte) (map[string]interface{}, error)
+	ParseFunc  func(input []byte) (map[string]any, error)
 }
 
 var supportedFrontMatterTypes = []frontMatterType{

modules/caddyhttp/templates/tplcontext.go

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ import (
 type TemplateContext struct {
 	Root        http.FileSystem
 	Req         *http.Request
-	Args        []interface{} // defined by arguments to funcInclude
+	Args        []any // defined by arguments to funcInclude
 	RespHeader  WrappedHeader
 	CustomFuncs []template.FuncMap // functions added by plugins
 
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ func (c TemplateContext) OriginalReq() http.Request {
 // Note that included files are NOT escaped, so you should only include
 // trusted files. If it is not trusted, be sure to use escaping functions
 // in your template.
-func (c TemplateContext) funcInclude(filename string, args ...interface{}) (string, error) {
+func (c TemplateContext) funcInclude(filename string, args ...any) (string, error) {
 
 	bodyBuf := bufPool.Get().(*bytes.Buffer)
 	bodyBuf.Reset()
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ func (TemplateContext) funcStripHTML(s string) string {
 
 // funcMarkdown renders the markdown body as HTML. The resulting
 // HTML is NOT escaped so that it can be rendered as HTML.
-func (TemplateContext) funcMarkdown(input interface{}) (string, error) {
+func (TemplateContext) funcMarkdown(input any) (string, error) {
 	inputStr := toString(input)
 
 	md := goldmark.New(
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ func (TemplateContext) funcMarkdown(input interface{}) (string, error) {
 // splitFrontMatter parses front matter out from the beginning of input,
 // and returns the separated key-value pairs and the body/content. input
 // must be a "stringy" value.
-func (TemplateContext) funcSplitFrontMatter(input interface{}) (parsedMarkdownDoc, error) {
+func (TemplateContext) funcSplitFrontMatter(input any) (parsedMarkdownDoc, error) {
 	meta, body, err := extractFrontMatter(toString(input))
 	if err != nil {
 		return parsedMarkdownDoc{}, err
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ func (h WrappedHeader) Del(field string) string {
 	return ""
 }
 
-func toString(input interface{}) string {
+func toString(input any) string {
 	switch v := input.(type) {
 	case string:
 		return v
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ func toString(input interface{}) string {
 }
 
 var bufPool = sync.Pool{
-	New: func() interface{} {
+	New: func() any {
 		return new(bytes.Buffer)
 	},
 }

modules/caddyhttp/vars.go

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ func init() {
 //
 // The key is the variable name, and the value is the value of the
 // variable. Both the name and value may use or contain placeholders.
-type VarsMiddleware map[string]interface{}
+type VarsMiddleware map[string]any
 
 // CaddyModule returns the Caddy module information.
 func (VarsMiddleware) CaddyModule() caddy.ModuleInfo {
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ func (VarsMiddleware) CaddyModule() caddy.ModuleInfo {
 }
 
 func (m VarsMiddleware) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next Handler) error {
-	vars := r.Context().Value(VarsCtxKey).(map[string]interface{})
+	vars := r.Context().Value(VarsCtxKey).(map[string]any)
 	repl := r.Context().Value(caddy.ReplacerCtxKey).(*caddy.Replacer)
 	for k, v := range m {
 		keyExpanded := repl.ReplaceAll(k, "")
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ func (m VarsMatcher) Match(r *http.Request) bool {
 		return true
 	}
 
-	vars := r.Context().Value(VarsCtxKey).(map[string]interface{})
+	vars := r.Context().Value(VarsCtxKey).(map[string]any)
 	repl := r.Context().Value(caddy.ReplacerCtxKey).(*caddy.Replacer)
 
 	for key, vals := range m {
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ func (m MatchVarsRE) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 
 // Match returns true if r matches m.
 func (m MatchVarsRE) Match(r *http.Request) bool {
-	vars := r.Context().Value(VarsCtxKey).(map[string]interface{})
+	vars := r.Context().Value(VarsCtxKey).(map[string]any)
 	repl := r.Context().Value(caddy.ReplacerCtxKey).(*caddy.Replacer)
 	for k, rm := range m {
 		var varStr string
@@ -290,8 +290,8 @@ func (m MatchVarsRE) Validate() error {
 
 // GetVar gets a value out of the context's variable table by key.
 // If the key does not exist, the return value will be nil.
-func GetVar(ctx context.Context, key string) interface{} {
+func GetVar(ctx context.Context, key string) any {
-	varMap, ok := ctx.Value(VarsCtxKey).(map[string]interface{})
+	varMap, ok := ctx.Value(VarsCtxKey).(map[string]any)
 	if !ok {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -305,8 +305,8 @@ func GetVar(ctx context.Context, key string) interface{} {
 // If the value is nil (note: non-nil interface with nil
 // underlying value does not count) and the key exists in
 // the table, the key+value will be deleted from the table.
-func SetVar(ctx context.Context, key string, value interface{}) {
+func SetVar(ctx context.Context, key string, value any) {
-	varMap, ok := ctx.Value(VarsCtxKey).(map[string]interface{})
+	varMap, ok := ctx.Value(VarsCtxKey).(map[string]any)
 	if !ok {
 		return
 	}

modules/caddypki/ca.go

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ type CA struct {
 
 	storage     certmagic.Storage
 	root, inter *x509.Certificate
-	interKey    interface{} // TODO: should we just store these as crypto.Signer?
+	interKey    any // TODO: should we just store these as crypto.Signer?
 	mu          *sync.RWMutex
 
 	rootCertPath string // mainly used for logging purposes if trusting
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ func (ca *CA) Provision(ctx caddy.Context, id string, log *zap.Logger) error {
 
 	// load the certs and key that will be used for signing
 	var rootCert, interCert *x509.Certificate
-	var rootKey, interKey interface{}
+	var rootKey, interKey any
 	var err error
 	if ca.Root != nil {
 		if ca.Root.Format == "" || ca.Root.Format == "pem_file" {
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ func (ca CA) RootCertificate() *x509.Certificate {
 // RootKey returns the CA's root private key. Since the root key is
 // not cached in memory long-term, it needs to be loaded from storage,
 // which could yield an error.
-func (ca CA) RootKey() (interface{}, error) {
+func (ca CA) RootKey() (any, error) {
 	_, rootKey, err := ca.loadOrGenRoot()
 	return rootKey, err
 }
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ func (ca CA) IntermediateCertificate() *x509.Certificate {
 }
 
 // IntermediateKey returns the CA's intermediate private key.
-func (ca CA) IntermediateKey() interface{} {
+func (ca CA) IntermediateKey() any {
 	ca.mu.RLock()
 	defer ca.mu.RUnlock()
 	return ca.interKey
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ func (ca *CA) NewAuthority(authorityConfig AuthorityConfig) (*authority.Authorit
 		// cert/key directly, since it's unlikely to expire
 		// while Caddy is running (long lifetime)
 		var issuerCert *x509.Certificate
-		var issuerKey interface{}
+		var issuerKey any
 		issuerCert = rootCert
 		var err error
 		issuerKey, err = ca.RootKey()
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ func (ca *CA) NewAuthority(authorityConfig AuthorityConfig) (*authority.Authorit
 	return auth, nil
 }
 
-func (ca CA) loadOrGenRoot() (rootCert *x509.Certificate, rootKey interface{}, err error) {
+func (ca CA) loadOrGenRoot() (rootCert *x509.Certificate, rootKey any, err error) {
 	rootCertPEM, err := ca.storage.Load(ca.ctx, ca.storageKeyRootCert())
 	if err != nil {
 		if !errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ func (ca CA) loadOrGenRoot() (rootCert *x509.Certificate, rootKey interface{}, e
 	return rootCert, rootKey, nil
 }
 
-func (ca CA) genRoot() (rootCert *x509.Certificate, rootKey interface{}, err error) {
+func (ca CA) genRoot() (rootCert *x509.Certificate, rootKey any, err error) {
 	repl := ca.newReplacer()
 
 	rootCert, rootKey, err = generateRoot(repl.ReplaceAll(ca.RootCommonName, ""))

modules/caddypki/certificates.go

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/smallstep/cli/crypto/x509util"
 )
 
-func generateRoot(commonName string) (rootCrt *x509.Certificate, privateKey interface{}, err error) {
+func generateRoot(commonName string) (rootCrt *x509.Certificate, privateKey any, err error) {
 	rootProfile, err := x509util.NewRootProfile(commonName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return

modules/caddytls/automation.go

@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ func (ap *AutomationPolicy) Provision(tlsApp *TLS) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("loading external certificate manager modules: %v", err)
 		}
-		for _, getCertVal := range vals.([]interface{}) {
+		for _, getCertVal := range vals.([]any) {
 			ap.Managers = append(ap.Managers, getCertVal.(certmagic.Manager))
 		}
 	}
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ func (ap *AutomationPolicy) Provision(tlsApp *TLS) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("loading TLS automation management module: %s", err)
 		}
-		for _, issVal := range val.([]interface{}) {
+		for _, issVal := range val.([]any) {
 			ap.Issuers = append(ap.Issuers, issVal.(certmagic.Issuer))
 		}
 	}

modules/caddytls/connpolicy.go

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ func (cp ConnectionPolicies) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("loading handshake matchers: %v", err)
 		}
-		for _, modIface := range mods.(map[string]interface{}) {
+		for _, modIface := range mods.(map[string]any) {
 			cp[i].matchers = append(cp[i].matchers, modIface.(ConnectionMatcher))
 		}
 
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ func (cp ConnectionPolicies) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("loading client cert verifiers: %v", err)
 			}
-			for _, validator := range clientCertValidations.([]interface{}) {
+			for _, validator := range clientCertValidations.([]any) {
 				cp[i].ClientAuthentication.verifiers = append(cp[i].ClientAuthentication.verifiers, validator.(ClientCertificateVerifier))
 			}
 		}

modules/caddytls/tls.go

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ func (t *TLS) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("loading certificate loader modules: %s", err)
 	}
-	for modName, modIface := range val.(map[string]interface{}) {
+	for modName, modIface := range val.(map[string]any) {
 		if modName == "automate" {
 			// special case; these will be loaded in later using our automation facilities,
 			// which we want to avoid doing during provisioning

modules/logging/filterencoder.go

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ func (fe *FilterEncoder) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("loading log filter modules: %v", err)
 	}
-	for fieldName, modIface := range vals.(map[string]interface{}) {
+	for fieldName, modIface := range vals.(map[string]any) {
 		fe.Fields[fieldName] = modIface.(LogFieldFilter)
 	}
 
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ func (fe FilterEncoder) AddUintptr(key string, value uintptr) {
 }
 
 // AddReflected is part of the zapcore.ObjectEncoder interface.
-func (fe FilterEncoder) AddReflected(key string, value interface{}) error {
+func (fe FilterEncoder) AddReflected(key string, value any) error {
 	if !fe.filtered(key, value) {
 		return fe.wrapped.AddReflected(key, value)
 	}
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ func (fe FilterEncoder) EncodeEntry(ent zapcore.Entry, fields []zapcore.Field) (
 // added to the underlying encoder (so do not do
 // that again). If false was returned, the field has
 // not yet been added to the underlying encoder.
-func (fe FilterEncoder) filtered(key string, value interface{}) bool {
+func (fe FilterEncoder) filtered(key string, value any) bool {
 	filter, ok := fe.Fields[fe.keyPrefix+key]
 	if !ok {
 		return false

modules/logging/nopencoder.go

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ func (nopEncoder) AddUint8(key string, value uint8) {}
 func (nopEncoder) AddUintptr(key string, value uintptr) {}
 
 // AddReflected is part of the zapcore.ObjectEncoder interface.
-func (nopEncoder) AddReflected(key string, value interface{}) error { return nil }
+func (nopEncoder) AddReflected(key string, value any) error { return nil }
 
 // OpenNamespace is part of the zapcore.ObjectEncoder interface.
 func (nopEncoder) OpenNamespace(key string) {}

modules/metrics/metrics.go

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ type zapLogger struct {
 	zl *zap.Logger
 }
 
-func (l *zapLogger) Println(v ...interface{}) {
+func (l *zapLogger) Println(v ...any) {
 	l.zl.Sugar().Error(v...)
 }
 

replacer.go

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import (
 // NewReplacer returns a new Replacer.
 func NewReplacer() *Replacer {
 	rep := &Replacer{
-		static: make(map[string]interface{}),
+		static: make(map[string]any),
 	}
 	rep.providers = []ReplacerFunc{
 		globalDefaultReplacements,
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func NewReplacer() *Replacer {
 // without the global default replacements.
 func NewEmptyReplacer() *Replacer {
 	rep := &Replacer{
-		static: make(map[string]interface{}),
+		static: make(map[string]any),
 	}
 	rep.providers = []ReplacerFunc{
 		rep.fromStatic,
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func NewEmptyReplacer() *Replacer {
 // use NewReplacer to make one.
 type Replacer struct {
 	providers []ReplacerFunc
-	static    map[string]interface{}
+	static    map[string]any
 }
 
 // Map adds mapFunc to the list of value providers.
@@ -63,13 +63,13 @@ func (r *Replacer) Map(mapFunc ReplacerFunc) {
 }
 
 // Set sets a custom variable to a static value.
-func (r *Replacer) Set(variable string, value interface{}) {
+func (r *Replacer) Set(variable string, value any) {
 	r.static[variable] = value
 }
 
 // Get gets a value from the replacer. It returns
 // the value and whether the variable was known.
-func (r *Replacer) Get(variable string) (interface{}, bool) {
+func (r *Replacer) Get(variable string) (any, bool) {
 	for _, mapFunc := range r.providers {
 		if val, ok := mapFunc(variable); ok {
 			return val, true
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ func (r *Replacer) Delete(variable string) {
 }
 
 // fromStatic provides values from r.static.
-func (r *Replacer) fromStatic(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
+func (r *Replacer) fromStatic(key string) (any, bool) {
 	val, ok := r.static[key]
 	return val, ok
 }
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ scan:
 	return sb.String(), nil
 }
 
-func toString(val interface{}) string {
+func toString(val any) string {
 	switch v := val.(type) {
 	case nil:
 		return ""
@@ -275,9 +275,9 @@ func toString(val interface{}) string {
 // to service that key (even if the value is blank). If the
 // function does not recognize the key, false should be
 // returned.
-type ReplacerFunc func(key string) (interface{}, bool)
+type ReplacerFunc func(key string) (any, bool)
 
-func globalDefaultReplacements(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
+func globalDefaultReplacements(key string) (any, bool) {
 	// check environment variable
 	const envPrefix = "env."
 	if strings.HasPrefix(key, envPrefix) {
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ func globalDefaultReplacements(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
 // will be the replacement, and returns the value that
 // will actually be the replacement, or an error. Note
 // that errors are sometimes ignored by replacers.
-type ReplacementFunc func(variable string, val interface{}) (interface{}, error)
+type ReplacementFunc func(variable string, val any) (any, error)
 
 // nowFunc is a variable so tests can change it
 // in order to obtain a deterministic time.

replacer_test.go

@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ func TestReplacerSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tc := range []struct {
 		variable string
-		value    interface{}
+		value    any
 	}{
 		{
 			variable: "test1",
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ func TestReplacerReplaceKnown(t *testing.T) {
 	rep := Replacer{
 		providers: []ReplacerFunc{
 			// split our possible vars to two functions (to test if both functions are called)
-			func(key string) (val interface{}, ok bool) {
+			func(key string) (val any, ok bool) {
 				switch key {
 				case "test1":
 					return "val1", true
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ func TestReplacerReplaceKnown(t *testing.T) {
 					return "NOOO", false
 				}
 			},
-			func(key string) (val interface{}, ok bool) {
+			func(key string) (val any, ok bool) {
 				switch key {
 				case "1":
 					return "test-123", true
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ func TestReplacerReplaceKnown(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestReplacerDelete(t *testing.T) {
 	rep := Replacer{
-		static: map[string]interface{}{
+		static: map[string]any{
 			"key1": "val1",
 			"key2": "val2",
 			"key3": "val3",
@@ -341,10 +341,10 @@ func TestReplacerMap(t *testing.T) {
 	rep := testReplacer()
 
 	for i, tc := range []ReplacerFunc{
-		func(key string) (val interface{}, ok bool) {
+		func(key string) (val any, ok bool) {
 			return "", false
 		},
-		func(key string) (val interface{}, ok bool) {
+		func(key string) (val any, ok bool) {
 			return "", false
 		},
 	} {
@@ -453,6 +453,6 @@ func BenchmarkReplacer(b *testing.B) {
 func testReplacer() Replacer {
 	return Replacer{
 		providers: make([]ReplacerFunc, 0),
-		static:    make(map[string]interface{}),
+		static:    make(map[string]any),
 	}
 }

usagepool.go

@@ -57,13 +57,13 @@ import (
 // NewUsagePool() to make a new one.
 type UsagePool struct {
 	sync.RWMutex
-	pool map[interface{}]*usagePoolVal
+	pool map[any]*usagePoolVal
 }
 
 // NewUsagePool returns a new usage pool that is ready to use.
 func NewUsagePool() *UsagePool {
 	return &UsagePool{
-		pool: make(map[interface{}]*usagePoolVal),
+		pool: make(map[any]*usagePoolVal),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ func NewUsagePool() *UsagePool {
 // or constructed value is returned. The loaded return value is true
 // if the value already existed and was loaded, or false if it was
 // newly constructed.
-func (up *UsagePool) LoadOrNew(key interface{}, construct Constructor) (value interface{}, loaded bool, err error) {
+func (up *UsagePool) LoadOrNew(key any, construct Constructor) (value any, loaded bool, err error) {
 	var upv *usagePoolVal
 	up.Lock()
 	upv, loaded = up.pool[key]
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ func (up *UsagePool) LoadOrNew(key interface{}, construct Constructor) (value in
 // already exists, or stores it if it does not exist. It returns the
 // value that was either loaded or stored, and true if the value already
 // existed and was
-func (up *UsagePool) LoadOrStore(key, val interface{}) (value interface{}, loaded bool) {
+func (up *UsagePool) LoadOrStore(key, val any) (value any, loaded bool) {
 	var upv *usagePoolVal
 	up.Lock()
 	upv, loaded = up.pool[key]
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ func (up *UsagePool) LoadOrStore(key, val interface{}) (value interface{}, loade
 // This method is somewhat naive and acquires a read lock on the
 // entire pool during iteration, so do your best to make f() really
 // fast, m'kay?
-func (up *UsagePool) Range(f func(key, value interface{}) bool) {
+func (up *UsagePool) Range(f func(key, value any) bool) {
 	up.RLock()
 	defer up.RUnlock()
 	for key, upv := range up.pool {
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ func (up *UsagePool) Range(f func(key, value interface{}) bool) {
 // true if the usage count reached 0 and the value was deleted.
 // It panics if the usage count drops below 0; always call
 // Delete precisely as many times as LoadOrStore.
-func (up *UsagePool) Delete(key interface{}) (deleted bool, err error) {
+func (up *UsagePool) Delete(key any) (deleted bool, err error) {
 	up.Lock()
 	upv, ok := up.pool[key]
 	if !ok {
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ type Destructor interface {
 
 type usagePoolVal struct {
 	refs  int32 // accessed atomically; must be 64-bit aligned for 32-bit systems
-	value interface{}
+	value any
 	err   error
 	sync.RWMutex
 }