sqlc/docs/tutorials/getting-started-postgresql.md

Getting started with PostgreSQL

This tutorial assumes that the latest version of sqlc is installed and ready to use.

We'll generate Go code here, but other language plugins are available. You'll naturally need the Go toolchain if you want to build and run a program with the code sqlc generates, but sqlc itself has no dependencies.

At the end, you'll push your SQL queries to sqlc Cloud for further insights and analysis.

Setting up

Create a new directory called sqlc-tutorial and open it up.

Initialize a new Go module named tutorial.sqlc.dev/app:

go mod init tutorial.sqlc.dev/app

sqlc looks for either a sqlc.(yaml|yml) or sqlc.json file in the current directory. In our new directory, create a file named sqlc.yaml with the following contents:

version: "2"
sql:
  - engine: "postgresql"
    queries: "query.sql"
    schema: "schema.sql"
    gen:
      go:
        package: "tutorial"
        out: "tutorial"
        sql_package: "pgx/v5"

Schema and queries

sqlc needs to know your database schema and queries in order to generate code. In the same directory, create a file named schema.sql with the following content:

CREATE TABLE authors (
  id   BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
  name text      NOT NULL,
  bio  text
);

Next, create a query.sql file with the following five queries:

-- name: GetAuthor :one
SELECT * FROM authors
WHERE id = $1 LIMIT 1;

-- name: ListAuthors :many
SELECT * FROM authors
ORDER BY name;

-- name: CreateAuthor :one
INSERT INTO authors (
  name, bio
) VALUES (
  $1, $2
)
RETURNING *;

-- name: UpdateAuthor :exec
UPDATE authors
  set name = $2,
  bio = $3
WHERE id = $1;

-- name: DeleteAuthor :exec
DELETE FROM authors
WHERE id = $1;

If you prefer, you can alter the UpdateAuthor query to return the updated record:

-- name: UpdateAuthor :one
UPDATE authors
  set name = $2,
  bio = $3
WHERE id = $1
RETURNING *;

Generating code

You are now ready to generate code. You shouldn't see any output when you run the generate subcommand, unless something goes wrong:

sqlc generate

You should now have a tutorial subdirectory with three files containing Go source code. These files comprise a Go package named tutorial:

├── go.mod
├── query.sql
├── schema.sql
├── sqlc.yaml
└── tutorial
    ├── db.go
    ├── models.go
    └── query.sql.go

Using generated code

You can use your newly-generated tutorial package from any Go program. Create a file named tutorial.go and add the following contents:

package main

import (
	"context"
	"log"
	"reflect"

	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgtype"

	"tutorial.sqlc.dev/app/tutorial"
)

func run() error {
	ctx := context.Background()

	conn, err := pgx.Connect(ctx, "user=pqgotest dbname=pqgotest sslmode=verify-full")
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer conn.Close(ctx)

	queries := tutorial.New(conn)

	// list all authors
	authors, err := queries.ListAuthors(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	log.Println(authors)

	// create an author
	insertedAuthor, err := queries.CreateAuthor(ctx, tutorial.CreateAuthorParams{
		Name: "Brian Kernighan",
		Bio:  pgtype.Text{String: "Co-author of The C Programming Language and The Go Programming Language", Valid: true},
	})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	log.Println(insertedAuthor)

	// get the author we just inserted
	fetchedAuthor, err := queries.GetAuthor(ctx, insertedAuthor.ID)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// prints true
	log.Println(reflect.DeepEqual(insertedAuthor, fetchedAuthor))
	return nil
}

func main() {
	if err := run(); err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
}

Before this code will compile you'll need to fetch the relevant PostgreSQL driver. You can use lib/pq with the standard library's database/sql package, but in this tutorial we've used pgx/v5:

go get github.com/jackc/pgx/v5
go build ./...

The program should compile without errors. To make that possible, sqlc generates readable, idiomatic Go code that you otherwise would've had to write yourself. Take a look in tutorial/query.sql.go.

Of course for this program to run successfully you'll need to compile after replacing the database connection parameters in the call to pgx.Connect() with the correct parameters for your database. And your database must have the authors table as defined in schema.sql.

You should now have a working program using sqlc's generated Go source code, and hopefully can see how you'd use sqlc in your own real-world applications.

Query verification

sqlc Cloud provides additional verification, catching subtle bugs. To get started, create a dashboard account. Once you've signed in, create a project and generate an auth token. Add your project's ID to the cloud block to your sqlc.yaml.

version: "2"
cloud:
  # Replace <PROJECT_ID> with your project ID from the sqlc Cloud dashboard
  project: "<PROJECT_ID>"
sql:
  - engine: "postgresql"
    queries: "query.sql"
    schema: "schema.sql"
    gen:
      go:
        package: "tutorial"
        out: "tutorial"
        sql_package: "pgx/v5"

Replace <PROJECT_ID> with your project ID from the sqlc Cloud dashboard. It will look something like 01HA8SZH31HKYE9RR3N3N3TSJM.

And finally, set the SQLC_AUTH_TOKEN environment variable:

export SQLC_AUTH_TOKEN="<your sqlc auth token>"

$ sqlc push --tag tutorial

In the sidebar, go to the "Queries" section to see your published queries. Run verify to ensure that previously published queries continue to work against updated database schema.

$ sqlc verify --against tutorial