package tengo import ( "fmt" "sync/atomic" "github.com/d5/tengo/v2/parser" "github.com/d5/tengo/v2/token" ) // frame represents a function call frame. type frame struct { fn *CompiledFunction freeVars []*ObjectPtr ip int basePointer int } // VM is a virtual machine that executes the bytecode compiled by Compiler. type VM struct { constants []Object stack [StackSize]Object sp int globals []Object fileSet *parser.SourceFileSet frames [MaxFrames]frame framesIndex int curFrame *frame curInsts []byte ip int aborting int64 maxAllocs int64 allocs int64 err error } // NewVM creates a VM. func NewVM( bytecode *Bytecode, globals []Object, maxAllocs int64, ) *VM { if globals == nil { globals = make([]Object, GlobalsSize) } v := &VM{ constants: bytecode.Constants, sp: 0, globals: globals, fileSet: bytecode.FileSet, framesIndex: 1, ip: -1, maxAllocs: maxAllocs, } v.frames[0].fn = bytecode.MainFunction v.frames[0].ip = -1 v.curFrame = &v.frames[0] v.curInsts = v.curFrame.fn.Instructions return v } // Abort aborts the execution. func (v *VM) Abort() { atomic.StoreInt64(&v.aborting, 1) } // Run starts the execution. func (v *VM) Run() (err error) { // reset VM states v.sp = 0 v.curFrame = &(v.frames[0]) v.curInsts = v.curFrame.fn.Instructions v.framesIndex = 1 v.ip = -1 v.allocs = v.maxAllocs + 1 v.run() atomic.StoreInt64(&v.aborting, 0) err = v.err if err != nil { filePos := v.fileSet.Position( v.curFrame.fn.SourcePos(v.ip - 1)) err = fmt.Errorf("Runtime Error: %w\n\tat %s", err, filePos) for v.framesIndex > 1 { v.framesIndex-- v.curFrame = &v.frames[v.framesIndex-1] filePos = v.fileSet.Position( v.curFrame.fn.SourcePos(v.curFrame.ip - 1)) err = fmt.Errorf("%w\n\tat %s", err, filePos) } return err } return nil } func (v *VM) run() { for atomic.LoadInt64(&v.aborting) == 0 { v.ip++ switch v.curInsts[v.ip] { case parser.OpConstant: v.ip += 2 cidx := int(v.curInsts[v.ip]) | int(v.curInsts[v.ip-1])<<8 v.stack[v.sp] = v.constants[cidx] v.sp++ case parser.OpNull: v.stack[v.sp] = UndefinedValue v.sp++ case parser.OpBinaryOp: v.ip++ right := v.stack[v.sp-1] left := v.stack[v.sp-2] tok := token.Token(v.curInsts[v.ip]) res, e := left.BinaryOp(tok, right) if e != nil { v.sp -= 2 if e == ErrInvalidOperator { v.err = fmt.Errorf("invalid operation: %s %s %s", left.TypeName(), tok.String(), right.TypeName()) return } v.err = e return } v.allocs-- if v.allocs == 0 { v.err = ErrObjectAllocLimit return } v.stack[v.sp-2] = res v.sp-- case parser.OpEqual: right := v.stack[v.sp-1] left := v.stack[v.sp-2] v.sp -= 2 if left.Equals(right) { v.stack[v.sp] = TrueValue } else { v.stack[v.sp] = FalseValue } v.sp++ case parser.OpNotEqual: right := v.stack[v.sp-1] left := v.stack[v.sp-2] v.sp -= 2 if left.Equals(right) { v.stack[v.sp] = FalseValue } else { v.stack[v.sp] = TrueValue } v.sp++ case parser.OpPop: v.sp-- case parser.OpTrue: v.stack[v.sp] = TrueValue v.sp++ case parser.OpFalse: v.stack[v.sp] = FalseValue v.sp++ case parser.OpLNot: operand := v.stack[v.sp-1] v.sp-- if operand.IsFalsy() { v.stack[v.sp] = TrueValue } else { v.stack[v.sp] = FalseValue } v.sp++ case parser.OpBComplement: operand := v.stack[v.sp-1] v.sp-- switch x := operand.(type) { case *Int: var res Object = &Int{Value: ^x.Value} v.allocs-- if v.allocs == 0 { v.err = ErrObjectAllocLimit return } v.stack[v.sp] = res v.sp++ default: v.err = fmt.Errorf("invalid operation: ^%s", operand.TypeName()) return } case parser.OpMinus: operand := v.stack[v.sp-1] v.sp-- switch x := operand.(type) { case *Int: var res Object = &Int{Value: -x.Value} v.allocs-- if v.allocs == 0 { v.err = ErrObjectAllocLimit return } v.stack[v.sp] = res v.sp++ case *Float: var res Object = &Float{Value: -x.Value} v.allocs-- if v.allocs == 0 { v.err = ErrObjectAllocLimit return } v.stack[v.sp] = res v.sp++ default: v.err = fmt.Errorf("invalid operation: -%s", operand.TypeName()) return } case parser.OpJumpFalsy: v.ip += 4 v.sp-- if v.stack[v.sp].IsFalsy() { pos := int(v.curInsts[v.ip]) | int(v.curInsts[v.ip-1])<<8 | int(v.curInsts[v.ip-2])<<16 | int(v.curInsts[v.ip-3])<<24 v.ip = pos - 1 } case parser.OpAndJump: v.ip += 4 if v.stack[v.sp-1].IsFalsy() { pos := int(v.curInsts[v.ip]) | int(v.curInsts[v.ip-1])<<8 | int(v.curInsts[v.ip-2])<<16 | int(v.curInsts[v.ip-3])<<24 v.ip = pos - 1 } else { v.sp-- } case parser.OpOrJump: v.ip += 4 if v.stack[v.sp-1].IsFalsy() { v.sp-- } else { pos := int(v.curInsts[v.ip]) | int(v.curInsts[v.ip-1])<<8 | int(v.curInsts[v.ip-2])<<16 | int(v.curInsts[v.ip-3])<<24 v.ip = pos - 1 } case parser.OpJump: pos := int(v.curInsts[v.ip+4]) | int(v.curInsts[v.ip+3])<<8 | int(v.curInsts[v.ip+2])<<16 | int(v.curInsts[v.ip+1])<<24 v.ip = pos - 1 case parser.OpSetGlobal: v.ip += 2 v.sp-- globalIndex := int(v.curInsts[v.ip]) | int(v.curInsts[v.ip-1])<<8 v.globals[globalIndex] = v.stack[v.sp] case parser.OpSetSelGlobal: v.ip += 3 globalIndex := int(v.curInsts[v.ip-1]) | int(v.curInsts[v.ip-2])<<8 numSelectors := int(v.curInsts[v.ip]) // selectors and RHS value selectors := make([]Object, numSelectors) for i := 0; i < numSelectors; i++ { selectors[i] = v.stack[v.sp-numSelectors+i] } val := v.stack[v.sp-numSelectors-1] v.sp -= numSelectors + 1 e := indexAssign(v.globals[globalIndex], val, selectors) if e != nil { v.err = e return } case parser.OpGetGlobal: v.ip += 2 globalIndex := int(v.curInsts[v.ip]) | int(v.curInsts[v.ip-1])<<8 val := v.globals[globalIndex] v.stack[v.sp] = val v.sp++ case parser.OpArray: v.ip += 2 numElements := int(v.curInsts[v.ip]) | int(v.curInsts[v.ip-1])<<8 var elements []Object for i := v.sp - numElements; i < v.sp; i++ { elements = append(elements, v.stack[i]) } v.sp -= numElements var arr Object = &Array{Value: elements} v.allocs-- if v.allocs == 0 { v.err = ErrObjectAllocLimit return } v.stack[v.sp] = arr v.sp++ case parser.OpMap: v.ip += 2 numElements := int(v.curInsts[v.ip]) | int(v.curInsts[v.ip-1])<<8 kv := make(map[string]Object, numElements) for i := v.sp - numElements; i < v.sp; i += 2 { key := v.stack[i] value := v.stack[i+1] kv[key.(*String).Value] = value } v.sp -= numElements var m Object = &Map{Value: kv} v.allocs-- if v.allocs == 0 { v.err = ErrObjectAllocLimit return } v.stack[v.sp] = m v.sp++ case parser.OpError: value := v.stack[v.sp-1] var e Object = &Error{ Value: value, } v.allocs-- if v.allocs == 0 { v.err = ErrObjectAllocLimit return } v.stack[v.sp-1] = e case parser.OpImmutable: value := v.stack[v.sp-1] switch value := value.(type) { case *Array: var immutableArray Object = &ImmutableArray{ Value: value.Value, } v.allocs-- if v.allocs == 0 { v.err = ErrObjectAllocLimit return } v.stack[v.sp-1] = immutableArray case *Map: var immutableMap Object = &ImmutableMap{ Value: value.Value, } v.allocs-- if v.allocs == 0 { v.err = ErrObjectAllocLimit return } v.stack[v.sp-1] = immutableMap } case parser.OpIndex: index := v.stack[v.sp-1] left := v.stack[v.sp-2] v.sp -= 2 val, err := left.IndexGet(index) if err != nil { if err == ErrNotIndexable { v.err = fmt.Errorf("not indexable: %s", index.TypeName()) return } if err == ErrInvalidIndexType { v.err = fmt.Errorf("invalid index type: %s", index.TypeName()) return } v.err = err return } if val == nil { val = UndefinedValue } v.stack[v.sp] = val v.sp++ case parser.OpSliceIndex: high := v.stack[v.sp-1] low := v.stack[v.sp-2] left := v.stack[v.sp-3] v.sp -= 3 var lowIdx int64 if low != UndefinedValue { if lowInt, ok := low.(*Int); ok { lowIdx = lowInt.Value } else { v.err = fmt.Errorf("invalid slice index type: %s", low.TypeName()) return } } switch left := left.(type) { case *Array: numElements := int64(len(left.Value)) var highIdx int64 if high == UndefinedValue { highIdx = numElements } else if highInt, ok := high.(*Int); ok { highIdx = highInt.Value } else { v.err = fmt.Errorf("invalid slice index type: %s", high.TypeName()) return } if lowIdx > highIdx { v.err = fmt.Errorf("invalid slice index: %d > %d", lowIdx, highIdx) return } if lowIdx < 0 { lowIdx = 0 } else if lowIdx > numElements { lowIdx = numElements } if highIdx < 0 { highIdx = 0 } else if highIdx > numElements { highIdx = numElements } var val Object = &Array{ Value: left.Value[lowIdx:highIdx], } v.allocs-- if v.allocs == 0 { v.err = ErrObjectAllocLimit return } v.stack[v.sp] = val v.sp++ case *ImmutableArray: numElements := int64(len(left.Value)) var highIdx int64 if high == UndefinedValue { highIdx = numElements } else if highInt, ok := high.(*Int); ok { highIdx = highInt.Value } else { v.err = fmt.Errorf("invalid slice index type: %s", high.TypeName()) return } if lowIdx > highIdx { v.err = fmt.Errorf("invalid slice index: %d > %d", lowIdx, highIdx) return } if lowIdx < 0 { lowIdx = 0 } else if lowIdx > numElements { lowIdx = numElements } if highIdx < 0 { highIdx = 0 } else if highIdx > numElements { highIdx = numElements } var val Object = &Array{ Value: left.Value[lowIdx:highIdx], } v.allocs-- if v.allocs == 0 { v.err = ErrObjectAllocLimit return } v.stack[v.sp] = val v.sp++ case *String: numElements := int64(len(left.Value)) var highIdx int64 if high == UndefinedValue { highIdx = numElements } else if highInt, ok := high.(*Int); ok { highIdx = highInt.Value } else { v.err = fmt.Errorf("invalid slice index type: %s", high.TypeName()) return } if lowIdx > highIdx { v.err = fmt.Errorf("invalid slice index: %d > %d", lowIdx, highIdx) return } if lowIdx < 0 { lowIdx = 0 } else if lowIdx > numElements { lowIdx = numElements } if highIdx < 0 { highIdx = 0 } else if highIdx > numElements { highIdx = numElements } var val Object = &String{ Value: left.Value[lowIdx:highIdx], } v.allocs-- if v.allocs == 0 { v.err = ErrObjectAllocLimit return } v.stack[v.sp] = val v.sp++ case *Bytes: numElements := int64(len(left.Value)) var highIdx int64 if high == UndefinedValue { highIdx = numElements } else if highInt, ok := high.(*Int); ok { highIdx = highInt.Value } else { v.err = fmt.Errorf("invalid slice index type: %s", high.TypeName()) return } if lowIdx > highIdx { v.err = fmt.Errorf("invalid slice index: %d > %d", lowIdx, highIdx) return } if lowIdx < 0 { lowIdx = 0 } else if lowIdx > numElements { lowIdx = numElements } if highIdx < 0 { highIdx = 0 } else if highIdx > numElements { highIdx = numElements } var val Object = &Bytes{ Value: left.Value[lowIdx:highIdx], } v.allocs-- if v.allocs == 0 { v.err = ErrObjectAllocLimit return } v.stack[v.sp] = val v.sp++ default: v.err = fmt.Errorf("not indexable: %s", left.TypeName()) return } case parser.OpCall: numArgs := int(v.curInsts[v.ip+1]) spread := int(v.curInsts[v.ip+2]) v.ip += 2 value := v.stack[v.sp-1-numArgs] if !value.CanCall() { v.err = fmt.Errorf("not callable: %s", value.TypeName()) return } if spread == 1 { v.sp-- switch arr := v.stack[v.sp].(type) { case *Array: for _, item := range arr.Value { v.stack[v.sp] = item v.sp++ } numArgs += len(arr.Value) - 1 case *ImmutableArray: for _, item := range arr.Value { v.stack[v.sp] = item v.sp++ } numArgs += len(arr.Value) - 1 default: v.err = fmt.Errorf("not an array: %s", arr.TypeName()) return } } if callee, ok := value.(*CompiledFunction); ok { if callee.VarArgs { // if the closure is variadic, // roll up all variadic parameters into an array realArgs := callee.NumParameters - 1 varArgs := numArgs - realArgs if varArgs >= 0 { numArgs = realArgs + 1 args := make([]Object, varArgs) spStart := v.sp - varArgs for i := spStart; i < v.sp; i++ { args[i-spStart] = v.stack[i] } v.stack[spStart] = &Array{Value: args} v.sp = spStart + 1 } } if numArgs != callee.NumParameters { if callee.VarArgs { v.err = fmt.Errorf( "wrong number of arguments: want>=%d, got=%d", callee.NumParameters-1, numArgs) } else { v.err = fmt.Errorf( "wrong number of arguments: want=%d, got=%d", callee.NumParameters, numArgs) } return } // test if it's tail-call if callee == v.curFrame.fn { // recursion nextOp := v.curInsts[v.ip+1] if nextOp == parser.OpReturn || (nextOp == parser.OpPop && parser.OpReturn == v.curInsts[v.ip+2]) { for p := 0; p < numArgs; p++ { v.stack[v.curFrame.basePointer+p] = v.stack[v.sp-numArgs+p] } v.sp -= numArgs + 1 v.ip = -1 // reset IP to beginning of the frame continue } } if v.framesIndex >= MaxFrames { v.err = ErrStackOverflow return } // update call frame v.curFrame.ip = v.ip // store current ip before call v.curFrame = &(v.frames[v.framesIndex]) v.curFrame.fn = callee v.curFrame.freeVars = callee.Free v.curFrame.basePointer = v.sp - numArgs v.curInsts = callee.Instructions v.ip = -1 v.framesIndex++ v.sp = v.sp - numArgs + callee.NumLocals } else { var args []Object args = append(args, v.stack[v.sp-numArgs:v.sp]...) ret, e := value.Call(args...) v.sp -= numArgs + 1 // runtime error if e != nil { if e == ErrWrongNumArguments { v.err = fmt.Errorf( "wrong number of arguments in call to '%s'", value.TypeName()) return } if e, ok := e.(ErrInvalidArgumentType); ok { v.err = fmt.Errorf( "invalid type for argument '%s' in call to '%s': "+ "expected %s, found %s", e.Name, value.TypeName(), e.Expected, e.Found) return } v.err = e return } // nil return -> undefined if ret == nil { ret = UndefinedValue } v.allocs-- if v.allocs == 0 { v.err = ErrObjectAllocLimit return } v.stack[v.sp] = ret v.sp++ } case parser.OpReturn: v.ip++ var retVal Object if int(v.curInsts[v.ip]) == 1 { retVal = v.stack[v.sp-1] } else { retVal = UndefinedValue } //v.sp-- v.framesIndex-- v.curFrame = &v.frames[v.framesIndex-1] v.curInsts = v.curFrame.fn.Instructions v.ip = v.curFrame.ip //v.sp = lastFrame.basePointer - 1 v.sp = v.frames[v.framesIndex].basePointer // skip stack overflow check because (newSP) <= (oldSP) v.stack[v.sp-1] = retVal //v.sp++ case parser.OpDefineLocal: v.ip++ localIndex := int(v.curInsts[v.ip]) sp := v.curFrame.basePointer + localIndex // local variables can be mutated by other actions // so always store the copy of popped value val := v.stack[v.sp-1] v.sp-- v.stack[sp] = val case parser.OpSetLocal: localIndex := int(v.curInsts[v.ip+1]) v.ip++ sp := v.curFrame.basePointer + localIndex // update pointee of v.stack[sp] instead of replacing the pointer // itself. this is needed because there can be free variables // referencing the same local variables. val := v.stack[v.sp-1] v.sp-- if obj, ok := v.stack[sp].(*ObjectPtr); ok { *obj.Value = val val = obj } v.stack[sp] = val // also use a copy of popped value case parser.OpSetSelLocal: localIndex := int(v.curInsts[v.ip+1]) numSelectors := int(v.curInsts[v.ip+2]) v.ip += 2 // selectors and RHS value selectors := make([]Object, numSelectors) for i := 0; i < numSelectors; i++ { selectors[i] = v.stack[v.sp-numSelectors+i] } val := v.stack[v.sp-numSelectors-1] v.sp -= numSelectors + 1 dst := v.stack[v.curFrame.basePointer+localIndex] if obj, ok := dst.(*ObjectPtr); ok { dst = *obj.Value } if e := indexAssign(dst, val, selectors); e != nil { v.err = e return } case parser.OpGetLocal: v.ip++ localIndex := int(v.curInsts[v.ip]) val := v.stack[v.curFrame.basePointer+localIndex] if obj, ok := val.(*ObjectPtr); ok { val = *obj.Value } v.stack[v.sp] = val v.sp++ case parser.OpGetBuiltin: v.ip++ builtinIndex := int(v.curInsts[v.ip]) v.stack[v.sp] = builtinFuncs[builtinIndex] v.sp++ case parser.OpClosure: v.ip += 3 constIndex := int(v.curInsts[v.ip-1]) | int(v.curInsts[v.ip-2])<<8 numFree := int(v.curInsts[v.ip]) fn, ok := v.constants[constIndex].(*CompiledFunction) if !ok { v.err = fmt.Errorf("not function: %s", fn.TypeName()) return } free := make([]*ObjectPtr, numFree) for i := 0; i < numFree; i++ { switch freeVar := (v.stack[v.sp-numFree+i]).(type) { case *ObjectPtr: free[i] = freeVar default: free[i] = &ObjectPtr{ Value: &v.stack[v.sp-numFree+i], } } } v.sp -= numFree cl := &CompiledFunction{ Instructions: fn.Instructions, NumLocals: fn.NumLocals, NumParameters: fn.NumParameters, VarArgs: fn.VarArgs, SourceMap: fn.SourceMap, Free: free, } v.allocs-- if v.allocs == 0 { v.err = ErrObjectAllocLimit return } v.stack[v.sp] = cl v.sp++ case parser.OpGetFreePtr: v.ip++ freeIndex := int(v.curInsts[v.ip]) val := v.curFrame.freeVars[freeIndex] v.stack[v.sp] = val v.sp++ case parser.OpGetFree: v.ip++ freeIndex := int(v.curInsts[v.ip]) val := *v.curFrame.freeVars[freeIndex].Value v.stack[v.sp] = val v.sp++ case parser.OpSetFree: v.ip++ freeIndex := int(v.curInsts[v.ip]) *v.curFrame.freeVars[freeIndex].Value = v.stack[v.sp-1] v.sp-- case parser.OpGetLocalPtr: v.ip++ localIndex := int(v.curInsts[v.ip]) sp := v.curFrame.basePointer + localIndex val := v.stack[sp] var freeVar *ObjectPtr if obj, ok := val.(*ObjectPtr); ok { freeVar = obj } else { freeVar = &ObjectPtr{Value: &val} v.stack[sp] = freeVar } v.stack[v.sp] = freeVar v.sp++ case parser.OpSetSelFree: v.ip += 2 freeIndex := int(v.curInsts[v.ip-1]) numSelectors := int(v.curInsts[v.ip]) // selectors and RHS value selectors := make([]Object, numSelectors) for i := 0; i < numSelectors; i++ { selectors[i] = v.stack[v.sp-numSelectors+i] } val := v.stack[v.sp-numSelectors-1] v.sp -= numSelectors + 1 e := indexAssign(*v.curFrame.freeVars[freeIndex].Value, val, selectors) if e != nil { v.err = e return } case parser.OpIteratorInit: var iterator Object dst := v.stack[v.sp-1] v.sp-- if !dst.CanIterate() { v.err = fmt.Errorf("not iterable: %s", dst.TypeName()) return } iterator = dst.Iterate() v.allocs-- if v.allocs == 0 { v.err = ErrObjectAllocLimit return } v.stack[v.sp] = iterator v.sp++ case parser.OpIteratorNext: iterator := v.stack[v.sp-1] v.sp-- hasMore := iterator.(Iterator).Next() if hasMore { v.stack[v.sp] = TrueValue } else { v.stack[v.sp] = FalseValue } v.sp++ case parser.OpIteratorKey: iterator := v.stack[v.sp-1] v.sp-- val := iterator.(Iterator).Key() v.stack[v.sp] = val v.sp++ case parser.OpIteratorValue: iterator := v.stack[v.sp-1] v.sp-- val := iterator.(Iterator).Value() v.stack[v.sp] = val v.sp++ case parser.OpSuspend: return default: v.err = fmt.Errorf("unknown opcode: %d", v.curInsts[v.ip]) return } } } // IsStackEmpty tests if the stack is empty or not. func (v *VM) IsStackEmpty() bool { return v.sp == 0 } func indexAssign(dst, src Object, selectors []Object) error { numSel := len(selectors) for sidx := numSel - 1; sidx > 0; sidx-- { next, err := dst.IndexGet(selectors[sidx]) if err != nil { if err == ErrNotIndexable { return fmt.Errorf("not indexable: %s", dst.TypeName()) } if err == ErrInvalidIndexType { return fmt.Errorf("invalid index type: %s", selectors[sidx].TypeName()) } return err } dst = next } if err := dst.IndexSet(selectors[0], src); err != nil { if err == ErrNotIndexAssignable { return fmt.Errorf("not index-assignable: %s", dst.TypeName()) } if err == ErrInvalidIndexValueType { return fmt.Errorf("invaid index value type: %s", src.TypeName()) } return err } return nil }